This book deals with bilingual education in general, but it pays special attention to bilingual education in monolingual areas. One central aim is to study the effects of bilingual programmes during the final stages of Primary and Secondary Education in contexts where the L2 (English) is not normally used as an instrument of social communication in the students' environment, but instead is used only at school, where some subject areas are undertaken totally or partially in this language. The reader interested in bilingual education will find a valuable source of information on different bilingual programmes in the USA and Spain: what schools do and the contents they teach, their timetable and extracurricular activities; the specific objectives that they aim to achieve and the methodology they use, with special reference to the CLIL approach, the schools and the students' level of success with bilingual education, the most common problems that they have to face in monolingual areas and how to solve them.

How can theories of language development be understood and applied in your language classroom? By presenting a range of linguistic perspectives from formal to functional to cognitive, this book highlights the relevance of second language acquisition research to the language classroom. Following a brief historical survey of the ways in which language has been viewed, Whong clearly discusses the basic tenets of Chomskyan linguistics, before exploring ten generalisations about second language development in terms of their implications for language teaching. Emphasising the formal generative approach, the book explores well-known language teaching methods, looking at the extent to which linguistic theory is relevant to the different approaches. This is the first textbook to provide an explicit discussion of language teaching from the point of view of formal linguistics. Key features * Deconstructs a lesson plan to show the translation of theory to classroom practice * Provides 'For Discussion' sections at the end of every chapter * Includes a Glossary of key terms and concepts in the field

Written by internationally renowned academics, this volume provides a snapshot of the field of applied linguistics, and illustrates how linguistics is informing and engaging with neighbouring disciplines. The contributors present new research in the 'traditional' areas of applied linguistics, including multilingualism, language education, teacher-learner relationships, and assessment. It represents the best of current practice in applied linguistics, and will be invaluable to students and researchers looking for an overview of the field.

The book presents a range of theoretical and practical approaches to the teaching of the twin professions of interpreting and translating, covering a variety of language pairs. All aspects of the training process are addressed – from detailed word-level processing to student concerns with their careers, and from the setting of examinations to the standardisation of marking. The articles show very clearly the strengths and needs, the potential and vision of interpreter and translator training as it exists in countries around the world. The experience of the authors, who are all actively engaged in training interpreters and translators, demonstrates the innovative, practical and reflective approaches which are proving invaluable in the formation of the next generation of professional translators and interpreters. While many of them are being trained in universities, they are being prepared for a life in the real world of business and politics through the use of authentic texts and tools and up-to-date methodology.

This book addresses specific learning difficulties in reading and spelling - developmental dyslexia. Set in the cross-linguistic context, it presents issues surrounding dyslexia from the perspective of a foreign language teacher. It is intended to serve as a reference book for those involved in foreign language teaching, including experienced in-service teachers and novice teachers, as well as teacher trainers and trainees. It offers an up-to-date and reader-friendly study of the mechanisms of dyslexia and an overview of the current research on the disorder, in theoretical and practical terms. Its aim is to help teachers tackle one of the many challenges they face in the modern classroom: the organization of an effective foreign language teaching process for students with dyslexia.

Using a corpus of data drawn from naturally-occurring second language conversations, this book explores the role of idiomaticity in English as a native language, and its comparative role in English as a lingua franca. Through examining how idiomaticity enables first language learners to achieve a greater degree of fluency, the book explores why idiomatic language poses such a challenge for users of English as a lingua franca. The book puts forward a new definition of competence and fluency within the context of English as a lingua franca, concluding with an analysis of practical implications for the lingua franca classroom.
This in-depth study of English language learning using corpus data will be of interest to researchers in applied linguistics and corpus linguistics and to teachers of English as an international lingua franca.

Contents: Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk/Katarzyna Dziwirek: Emergence of Cognitive Corpus Linguistics – Piotr Pęzik: Extraction of multiword expressions for corpus-based discourse analysis – Galina I. Kustova/Olga N. Lashevskaja/Elena V. Paducheva/Ekaterina V. Rakhilina: Verb Taxonomy: From theoretical lexical semantics to practice of corpus tagging – Karen Sullivan: Grammatical constructions in metaphoric language – Monika Kopytowska: Corpus linguistics and an eclectic approach to the study of news - the mechanism of framing – Hanna Pułaczewska: Syntactic reduplication as an ironically-driven pragmatic principle in the spoken language –

To teach phonics effectively to children learning to read, education professionals need a deep understanding of the nuances and complexities of the English language. That's why this highly influential classic is more important than ever. A book that shaped the work of the most respected and prominent literacy experts, The Roots of Phonics is finally back in print to enlighten a new generation of professionals-many of whom have not had phonics instruction themselves. Through this clear and concise history of how modern English phonics developed, readers will trace the evolution of familiar language concepts: the alphabet, syllables, vowels and consonants, spelling, pronunciation, punctuation marks, and more. As readers uncover the "big picture" of phonics and the forces that shaped it, they'll learn fascinating facts such as why our alphabet has 26 letters what sparked the phonics vs. whole language debate how Spanish, French, Dutch, Native American, and other languages influenced the development of American English what phonemes, graphemes, and morphemes are, and how they relate to each other how the invention of movable type affected writing and spelling why British spellings faded from American English how different pronunciations take hold in different regions of the country More than a history lesson, this landmark book strengthens readers' understanding of the English language and illuminates the longtime importance of phonics in education-critical insights they'll use as they help children learn to read. A must for the library of every education professional, SLP, and researcher who works to promote children's literacy.

This book examines how Japanese learners of English learned about managing politeness while they were studying at language schools in New Zealand. Specifically, it investigates how they learned to produce and interpret a range of disagreement strategies during oppositional talk with native speakers of English. Employing a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to data analysis, the book discusses the initial pragmatic competence of the learners, and describes how their competence developed over a ten-week period. The book outlines some points of cultural divergence which may have influenced the direction and the extent of the learners' pragmatic development. It also sheds light on the language-acquisition strategies utilised by the learners during their tenure in the host culture. Most crucially, the book illuminates patterns of directness and indirectness in the learners' selected disagreement strategies. These patterns challenge the generally accepted theory that politeness always increases with social distance.

"Set the Stage! "is a collection of essays on teaching Italian language, literature, and culture through theater. From theoretical background to course models, this book provides all the resources that teachers and students need to incorporate the rich and abundant Italian theater tradition into the curriculum. Features of the book include- the "Director's Handbook," a comprehensive guide with detailed instructions for every step of the process, from choosing a text to the final performance, - an exclusive interview with Nobel laureate Dario Fo, - a foreword by prize-winning author Dacia Maraini.

Formerly a publication of The Brain Store Make learning languages easier! Do you have learners in your classroom who speak English as a second language? Are you are a foreign language teacher? This essential resource links brain research-based teaching practices to language learning presents exciting new ways to encourage second language acquisition in students of all ages. Find hundreds of helpful brain research-based techniques for lesson planning and presentation to promote improved vocabulary retention, better understanding of grammar, and enhanced speaking and writing skills.

Drawing on recent socio-cultural approaches to research on language learning and an extensive corpus of classroom video recording made over four years, the book documents language learning as an epiphenomenon of peer face-to-face interaction. Advanced technology for recording classroom interaction (6 cameras per classroom) allows the research to move the focus for analysis off the teacher and onto learners as they engage in dyadic interaction. The research uses methods from conversation analysis with longitudinal data to document practices for interaction between learners and how those practices change over time. Language learning is seen in learners' change in participation in their in social actions that occur around and within teacher-assigned language learning tasks (starting the task, non-elicited story tellings within tasks, and ending tasks). Web links are provided so the reader can see the data from the classroom that is the subject of the analyses.

This book deals with the notion of reformulation and more specifically with a group of lexico-grammatical units which help codify and signal the activity of reformulation in English. While discourse markers in English have been described in detail, the area of reformulation is a relatively unexplored area in comparison with languages such as French or Spanish. In this respect, this book has been conceived as a contribution to the field of Discourse Markers and in particular to the markers that help display the function of reformulation in English. First of all, a definition of the notion of reformulation is provided as a necessary precondition for the elaboration of a taxonomy of English reformulators. These are grouped into different classes and sub-classes on the basis of the type of reformulation effected. Thus, four main types are identified: Expansion, Modification, Reassessment and Compression. After an inductive and interpretive analysis of examples taken from the British National Corpus (BNC), the syntactic and distributional properties of these units, as well as their environments of use are described and discussed.

This empirical study examines the learning problem of the argument structure of psych predicates such as «The dog frightens John and the related V-ing adjectives such as «The dog is frightening to John. The problem is theoretically interesting because of the marked nature of the thematic role mapping of these sentences in relation to the principle of the Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH). The problem is highly relevant to our understanding of second language acquisition, as this is known to be a prevalent difficulty among language learners. The author has framed the learning problem within a coherent parametric framework drawing on a sophisticated critical review of the syntax/semantics literature and theories of L2 development. The author has specifically developed a theory, the «Semantic Salience Hierarchy Model (SSHM), to explain the learning process. The significance of the model is not confined only to this particular study, as the issues related to the L2 acquisition of other causative verbs can also be examined within this model. The findings of this study also bear implications to TESOL.

We live in a globalized and globalizing world that is marked by the twin processes of economic globalization and cultural globalization. In this thought-provoking book, Kumaravadivelu explores the impact of cultural globalization on second- and foreign-language education. Kumaravadivelu examines in detail how the cultural component of second- and foreign-language education has been informed by the Western notions of cultural assimilation, cultural pluralism, and cultural hybridity. Drawing insights from international and interdisciplinary sources, he argues that they have only a limited and limiting relevance to language education in the era of cultural globalization. Grounded in Western as well as non-Western perspectives, and written in an easily accessible style that combines personal narrative and academic genre, this book is indispensable for graduate students, practicing teachers, teacher educators, researchers, and others who are interested in exploring the complexity of cultural globalization and language education.

This book presents new research in the field of language acquisition and development. The contributors pay attention to first language development and other language acquisition (second, foreign and additional), and focus on issues directly relevant to both areas of investigation. One of the main aims of the book is to discover how research and practice in first language development can contribute to the teaching and learning of other languages, and vice versa. The book is distinctive in this area in its application of theoretical findings to the development of principles, objectives and procedures for language learning. This practical focus can also be seen in the open-minded approach taken to the interpretation of the evidence presented in the book. Rather than setting out to prove any particular hypothesis, the book aims to develop practical applications relating to the tendencies indicated by the research. Language Acquisition and Development will be of interest to postgraduates and academics researching language acquisition, language development and applied linguistics and to language teachers with an interest in language learning theory.

This book offers sharp new insights into the acquisition and use of French as a foreign language. The authors are specialists in their particular theoretical paradigms and focus on morphology, morpho-syntax, syntax, discourse, as well as fluency in the French interlanguage from beginners to advanced learners with different first languages.

This revised edition of Spoken Cree by C. Douglas Ellis is the second of three levels in a complete Cree language course, based on the "N" and "L" dialects spoken west of James Bay. Level II teaches Cree language by focussing on typical day-to-day situations. Each of the 17 units include basic conversation, a discussion of Cree grammar, drills, conversation practice, a vocabulary list, and a review section. The complete collection of sound files to accompany this manual can be downloaded from http://spokencree.org/. Spoken Cree III is available from the School of Linguistics and Language Studies, Carleton University.

A comprehensive overview of the teaching of classics. The Teaching of Classics outlines how teaching of the subject has developed and arrived at its present situation and suggests strategies for the future. It addresses the teaching of the subject at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The authors also communicate the sense of innovatory excitement that surrounds current initiative, celebrate the successes in the two major growth areas - primary and adult education - and confront the dangers that face the subject with clear-eyed realism.

This book takes a radically new look at communication, and in doing so presents a series of challenges to accepted views on language, on communication, on teaching and, above all, on learning. Drawing on extensive research in science classrooms, it presents a view of communication in which language is not necessarily communication - image, gesture, speech, writing, models, spatial and bodily codes. The action of students in learning is radically rethought: all participants in communication are seen as active transformers of the meaning resources around them, and this approach opens a new window on the process of learning. In demonstrating that communication always draws on a multiplicity of modes of representation, and of communication, the book constitutes a profound challenge to accepted views of language as the dominant, or perhaps only significant and rational means of representation. Instead, the book suggests that communication proceeds by many modes, of which language is one and not necessarily the dominant one, and it opens a whole new set of questions: if language is not the sole, or even the dominant mode, what are the roles of other modes and how are the

An analysis of learning a second language through process drama. Topics covered include: evoking dramatic moments in second language learning and teaching; the nature of teacher-student interaction in drama-orientated language classrooms; and the psycho-social aspect of drama on learning.

`Here is timely and extremely useful exposition and guidance on the management and procedure of language and literacy teaching. Practical advice is offered on the breadth of the role of the primary school English subject leader right from the starting point of compiling an application for such a post. The extensive and thorough coverage is frequently supported by reference to current demands and expectations, including the Framework for teaching of The National Literacy Project. An impressive adjunct to the detail is the applied anecdotal evidence and the inclusion of actual examples of documentation devised and in use in schools. I was pleased to note such aspects as the conferencing technique for both reading and writing being integral to everyday strategies' - School Librarian `Everything co-ordinators need on policy development, implementation and evaluation in English, language and literacy' - Junior Education High quality teaching in English language and literacy is a central part of the primary school curriculum. The coordinator has a key role to play in building on good practice, introducing new ways of working and monitoring their effectiveness. This book is written for coordinators and for those who are intending to take on the subject leadership, and addresses the issues of policy development, implementation and evaluation in primary English. By drawing on background theory and research, the authors provide clear guidance on the central tasks of subject co-ordination. Case study material is used to illustrate development work in English language and literacy in primary schools. The authors give up-to-date and practical advice on how to understand the processes of change.

"This volume has some really nice features such as: the discussion of audio-lingual theory as deriving from behaviorism, the terrific discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation--that is discussed here in a manner superior to any I've seen, the discussion of over-motivated students; the relation between self-esteem and self-efficacy, disabilities and language learning, and the provision of specific tips for learning vocabulary, grammar etc. The case studies are also wonderful. "
Robert Sternberg, Department of Psychology
Yale University

"The case studies are among the most appealing characteristics of the book. They present readily identifiable, relatively easy-to-understand types of learners, and they include a vast range of possible types. The questions and prods related to the case studies are very valuable. The tables are very handy. I love the table on defense mechanisms and the chart about the intriguing metaphors for language learning."
Rebecca L. Oxford, Ph.D, Area Head, Teacher Education
University of Alabama

Why is it so difficult for adults to learn a second language? How can we get to the source of these difficulties, diagnose the learner, and help them achieve their goals? Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties addresses these questions, demonstrating some of the insights, techniques, and skills needed to understand adult students who are having problems learning a second language. Author Madeline E. Ehrman provides a deep examination of the source of difficulty, taking into consideration such issues as learning styles, personality dispositions, motivation, learning strategies, self-efficacy, and anxiety.

Helpful summaries, case studies, and exercises are included, giving the reader a firm grasp of the complex issues involved. This new volume presents multiple theories and models for each of the cases discussed, showing the reader how to evaluate observations in terms of individual difference dimensions. Scholars, researchers, and professionals in linguistics, communication, English as a second language, as well as teachers and trainers will value the thorough examination, and unique viewpoints this book offers.