This eight-year study of an American city traces the answer to the question "Who is retarded?" by analyzing the labeling process in a large number of community agencies. Data for the study are drawn from a representative sample of 7,000 persons under fifty years of age who were tested ans screened for "symptoms" of mental retardation. The author finds that that schools label more persons as mentally retarded than any other agency and share their labels more widely with others in the community. Relying on IQ test scores for diagnosis, schools place many persons with scores above 70 and with no physical disabilities in the role of retardate. The author contends that both the statistical model of "normal" and the unicultural viewpoint of educators and clinicians work to the disadvantage of the poor and the ethnic minorities. Given the opportunity, many persons demonstrate by their ability to cope with the problems in other areas of life that they are not comprehensively incompetent. The author makes serval policy recommendations. First, she suggests lowering the IQ score cutoff point used by schools in determining who shall be labeled as retarded. Second, she recommends that the clinicians use the two-dimensional definition of retardation proposed by the American Association of Mental Deficiency, subnormality in both intellectual performance and adaptive behavior. Third, she concludes that pluralistic assessment procedures must be employed to take into account cultural biases in IQ tests designed to measure cognitive skills. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1973.

Highlights the importance and benefit of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for identifying biomarkers that accurately screen for potential biomarkers of diseases Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics offer new opportunities for biomarker discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological understanding of diseases beyond traditional technologies. It is the systematic analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biological samples and has been applied to discovering and identifying the perturbed pathways. Currently, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has become an important tool in clinical research and the diagnosis of human disease. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines comprehensively presents the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics such as metabolites analysis, biomarker discovery, technical challenges, discovery of natural product, mechanism interpretation of action, discovery of active ingredients, clinical application and precision medicine, and enhancing their biomedical value in a real world of biomedicine, shedding light on the potential for spectrometry-based metabolomics. It highlights the value of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and metabolism to address the complexity of herbal medicines in systems pharmacology, especially, to link phytochemical analysis with the assessment of pharmacological effect and therapeutic potential. Each chapter has been laid out with introduction, method, up-to-date literature, identification of biomarker, and applications Covers the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the discovery of biomarker, active ingredients, natural product, etc. Constitutes a unique and indispensable practical guide for any phytochemistry or related laboratory, and provides hands-on description of new techniques Provides a guide for new practitioners of pharmacologists, pharmacological scholars, drug developers, botanist, researchers of traditional medicines. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines provides a landmark of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics research and a beneficial guideline to graduate students and researchers in academia, industry, and technology transfer organizations in all biomedical science fields.

Note to Readers: Publisher does not guarantee quality or access to any included digital components if book is purchased through a third-party seller. Uniquely written from the perspectives of a Nurse Practitioner and a Physician Assistant This quick-access reference guide encompasses all key diagnostic and management essentials needed for safe, effective pediatric practice. By incorporating the most current sources of literature and evidence-based practice, this guide explains how to best assess, diagnose, and treat common pediatric disorders in an ambulatory care setting. This practical, pocket-sized resource is presented in bulleted format with concise paragraphs, providing access to key information at a glance. Chapters are consistently organized by body system with focused assessment and diagnosis of the most common clinical problems and treatment options. Key points, important developmental milestones, and illness prevention and management sections provide practitioners important content to educate patients and family easily and thoroughly. Abundant tables and charts help to facilitate quick reference to key components of practice. Links to frequently updated clinical guidelines and important web resources ensure that practitioners can maintain access to the most current knowledge available. Key Features: Provides speedy access to crucial information with bulleted content, concise paragraphs, chapter objectives, key points, and tables. Conveniently organized by most commonly seen diseases and disorders Provides links to frequently updated clinical guidelines and web resources

This reference book equips readers with cutting-edge information on the many advances in diagnostic and therapeutic treatments for human diseases that have been made in recent years, with examples from laboratory medicine. Diagnostic procedures and treatment protocols are a critical part of the health care system, providing dynamic information that influences provider decisions with respect to disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment procedures, and management of the disease. With advances in medical technologies over the past few decades, diagnostics have become even more essential to the practice of medicine for personalised diagnosis and treatment. Developments in health care technologies have extended the survival prospects of persons all over the globe. Once serious conditions have become considerably easier to manage and even cure in numerous cases. Constant laboratory investigations in the health sciences have expanded the quality of treatment, life-expectancy, as well as the quality of life for patients. In this book, readers will find a detailed discussion of new methodologies in treating diseases, including 3D technology, and prediction of chronic diseases using computation techniques, which provide promising avenues for the diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of diseases.

The increasing pressure upon clinicians to see more and more patients generates great concern as to how to offer a comprehensive and thorough diagnostic approach and yet maintain efficiency. Neurologic Differential Diagnosis is the answer. Unlike other texts which are divided into disease entities, this book uses a case study approach to focus on the patients' symptoms. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific presenting symptom or sign and includes a comprehensive, yet succinct table of clinical features to aid clarification of the broad list of diagnostic possibilities. This allows the clinician to quickly reference specific symptoms such as dizziness, mental status change or diplopia; or signs such as foot drop or psychotic behavior, and then immediately generate diagnostic possibilities. Written from the authors' extensive clinical experience, Neurologic Differential Diagnosis is an invaluable text for neurologists and psychiatrists at all stages of training.

The first pocket-size resource to guide PA students through their behavioral health rotation.Prepare for and thrive during your clinical rotations with the quick-access pocket guide series, The Physician Assistant Student's Guide to the Clinical Year. The Behavioral Health edition of this 7-volume series delineates the exact duties required in this specialty. Written by an experienced PA educator, this guide details the clinical approach to common presentations such as anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders. It also provides a systems-based approach to 40 of the most frequently encountered disease entities you will see in this rotation, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Distinguished by brief, bulleted content with handy tables and figures, the reference offers all pertinent laboratory studies, screening tools, and diagnostic criteria needed to confirm a diagnosis. This guide also describes the urgent management techniques you will learn during the behavioral health rotation, including suicide risk assessment, management of delirium tremens, and use of restraints. Key Features: Provides a pocket-size overview of the PA behavioral health rotation Describes common clinical presentations and disease entities Offers a step-by-step approach to diagnosis and treatment planning Includes clinical pearls throughout Reflects the 2019 NCCPA PANCE blueprint Includes two bonus digital chapters! Three guided case studies to reinforce clinical reasoning plus 25 rotation exam-style questions with remediating rationales Other books in this series: The Physician Assistant Student's Guide to the Clinical Year: Family Medicine; Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Surgery; OB-GYN; Pediatrics.

The first pocket-size resource to guide PA students through their pediatrics rotation.Prepare for and thrive during your clinical rotations with the quick-access pocket guide series, The Physician Assistant Student's Guide to the Clinical Year. The Pediatrics edition of this 7-volume series delineates the exact duties required in this specialty. Written by experienced PA educators, this guide details the clinical approach to common presentations such as cough, fever, and skin changes. It also provides a systems-based approach to more than 60 of the most frequently encountered disease entities you will see in this rotation, including dermatitis, pharyngitis, and otitis media. Distinguished by brief, bulleted content with handy tables and figures, the reference offers all pertinent laboratory and imaging studies needed to confirm a diagnosis, with medication and management guidelines. This guide also describes the most common procedures you will learn during the pediatrics rotation, including foreign body removal, reduction of subluxed radial head, and administration of nebulizer treatments. A special chapter on management of urgent pediatric conditions, such as asthma exacerbation, head injuries, and fractures, is also included. Key Features: Provides a pocket-size overview of the PA pediatrics rotation Describes common clinical presentations, disease entities, and procedures Offers a step-by-step approach to diagnosis and treatment planning Includes clinical pearls throughout Reflects the 2019 NCCPA PANCE blueprint Includes two bonus digital chapters! Three guided case studies to reinforce clinical reasoning plus 25 rotation exam-style questions with remediating rationales Other books in this series: The Physician Assistant Student's Guide to the Clinical Year: Family Medicine; Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Surgery; OB-GYN; Behavioral Health

The first pocket-size resource to guide PA students through their family medicine rotation.Prepare for and thrive during your clinical rotations with the quick-access pocket guide series, The Physician Assistant Student's Guide to the Clinical Year. The Family Medicine edition of this 7-volume series delineates the exact duties required in this specialty. Written by experienced PA educators, this guide details the clinical approach to common presentations such as abdominal pain, headache and fatigue. It also provides a systems-based approach to more than 70 of the most frequently encountered disease entities you will see in this rotation, including diabetes, anxiety, and coronary artery disease. Distinguished by brief, bulleted content with handy tables and figures, the reference offers all pertinent laboratory and imaging studies needed to confirm a diagnosis, with medication and management guidelines. This guide also describes the most common procedures you will learn during the family medicine rotation, including incision and drainage, joint injections, and skin biopsies. Key Features: Provides a pocket-size overview of the PA family medicine rotation Describes common clinical presentations, disease entities, and procedures Offers a step-by-step approach to diagnosis and treatment planning Offers clinical pearls throughout Reflects the 2019 NCCPA PANCE blueprint Includes two bonus digital chapters! Three guided case studies to reinforce clinical reasoning plus 25 rotation exam-style questions with remediating rationales Other books in this series: The Physician Assistant Student's Guide to the Clinical Year; Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Surgery; OB-GYN; Pediatrics; Behavioral Health.

Comprehensive Biomarker Discovery and Validation for Clinical Application provides the reader with an extensive introduction into all aspects of proteomics biomarker discovery, validation and development. It discusses the current status of science and technology, its limitations, bottlenecks as well as future development trends to improve the success rate of translating biomarker discovery into useful clinical tests. The most important feature of the book is to provide an overview of current technologies and the challenges encountered during biomarker discovery and validation, such as patient selection, sample handling, data processing, statistical analysis and registration and approval of validated biomarkers through European and US regulatory authorities. The authors introduce the reader to each of these topics in significant detail and provide examples or guidelines for best practice. There are prominent chapters included on biomarkers in translational and personalised medicine; an introduction to regulatory affairs and bring biomarkers to the market; biomarker discovery and the use of mass spectrometry based profiling platforms; MALDI imaging techniques in tissue-based biomarkers discovery and a clinical application study on the use of diagnostic assays for early diagnosis of heart failure using various proteomic methods. The book concludes with a final chapter on future trends in biomarker discovery and validation. The book targets a readership of industrial and academic researchers that are involved in biomarker discovery and validation or that manage biobanks, develop sample preparation methods, analytical profiling systems and bioinformatics tools. Common pitfalls and success stories in biomarker discovery are highlighted and guidelines for best practice are provided for the different parts of the procedure. The book will be an essential information resource for scientists working in the field.

Choosing wisely for better patient care. Lab Literacy for Doctors helps you make quick and efficient decisions about the right tests for typical clinical situations, thereby improving patient care. In a study published by the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (2014-03-01), primary care physicians reported that 15% of the time they are unsure about ordering lab tests and 8% of the time they are unsure about interpreting the results. This raises concerns about the need for more efficient and cost-effective lab test utilization. Lab Literacy for Doctors addresses these concerns in a practical, up-to-date, and easy-to-use format. Refer to this essential guide for: Diagnostic algorithms. A quick index summarizing the clinical utility of common tests. Advice and information on lab errors, false positives and negatives, and blood and tissue collection. Sections on dermatology, ENT and respiratory system, endocrine system, fatigue, GI and hepatic system, gynecology and pregnancy, routine screening, and more.

This practical and highly accessible workbook allows students and practitioners-in-training to gain the skills and knowledge needed in order to conduct a comprehensive psychiatric mental status examination. This rich selection of pedagogical content, which includes case studies, activities, chapter glossaries, and study questions, reinforces the terms and concepts that are related to key assessment areas. Each chapter functions as a distinct unit and allows readers to pick and choose relevant material, and lays the groundwork to help clinicians effectively assess patients for potential psychopathology, suicidal or homicidal ideation, and psychosis. Written at an introductory level, the Fundamentals of the Psychiatric Mental Status Examination is an essential tool for students in health, nursing, occupational therapy, and social work programs, as well as any specialist employed in the areas of mental health and addiction.

An ideal companion to the groundbreaking TILLS test! Screen with SLS, and then follow up and diagnose with TILLS. For use on its own or with the Test of Integrated Language and Literacy Skills™ (TILLS™), the Student Language Scale (SLS) reliably screens students ages 6—18 years for language/literacy disorders, including dyslexia. Filled out by parents, teachers, and students, the screener is a quick, cost-effective way to see how students are performing on academic tasks as compared to their same-age peers. Use the SLS to: Screen for language/literacy disorders, including dyslexia, by gathering teachers' and parents' ratings of students Gather input about a struggling student's strengths and needs from multiple sources Enhance home—school communication by gaining new insight into the student's performance and the teacher's and the parents' and student's perspectives on it, whether or not everyone agrees and whether or not there are concerns Whether used with an entire classroom or with individual students, the SLS is the tool you need to quickly gather valuable information about strengths and needs—and plan next steps for students at risk for disorders. Why use the SLS? Expert developed: The SLS developers are highly respected for their test-building skills and evidence-based work in the field of language and literacy assessment and school social work. Fast and easy: The three-part SLS can be completed in just 3 minutes or less. Administration and scoring is simple—a pencil and paper are all you need. Strong sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity of the SLS to risk of language/literacy disorder is .90 for teachers and .85 for parents, and specificity (correct identification of typical learners) is .90 for teachers and .83 for parents. Cost effective. The SLS helps you screen effectively at a lower cost than comparable tools on the market. Simple scoring: The 12-item rating scale section of the SLS incorporates descriptive statements that are rated on a scale of 1 to 7 from not good to very good. The first eight items on the scale ask about core language and literacy abilities that represent the 2 language levels x 4 language modalities assessed with TILLS. When teachers or parents rate more than two areas on items 1-8 as less than 5, SLS screening results indicate the student is at risk and needs further assessment. Perfect for use with TILLS!: The SLS is an ideal companion to the groundbreaking TILLS test, which assesses oral and written language skills in students ages 6—18 years. Gather teacher and parent ratings for whole classes of students with the SLS, and if results indicate that a student is at risk, follow up with TILLS assessment and other forms of language/literacy assessment. What's in this kit?: One SLS User's Manual One gummed tablet of 50 TILLS™ Student Language Scale forms One SLS Quick Start Guide with basic instructions on administering and scoring

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder with a heterogenous presentation affecting 1 in 2500 to 1 in 3000 births. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of NF1 has increased dramatically since the discovery of the NF1 gene in 1990 and the role its product, neurofibromin, plays in tumor suppression. This book provides new research on the diagnosis, management and health impacts of NF.

This book introduces the advanced topics regarding renal failure including manifold findings of physiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical aspects in the kidney. The kidney plays a crucial physiologic role in the regulation of urinary formation, fluid balance, nutrition metabolism, blood pressure and other aspects in the living body. Renal failure is a condition of a decline or loss of kidney function due to deficiency of functioning nephrons. Acute renal failure is a syndrome, which is characterized by acute decline or loss of kidney function due to temporary disfunctioning or blocking of nephrons. Acute renal failure is a reversible condition and is a secondary manifestation, a complication of another underlying critical illness. Chronic renal failure is a condition of slow, gradual decline of kidney function due to irreversible destruction of nephrons. This book provides recent information concerning acute and chronic renal failure in clinical aspects, and is constituted in five chapters.

This pocket reference guide covers the routine and special tests audiologists must conduct and interpret in their practices. Disorders such as nonorganic hearing loss, middle and inner ear disorders, and systemic disorders are covered with a separate chapter set aside for audiogram examples are covered in the middle section. The final chapter is devoted to medical referral decision-making criteria.The audiologist that has this handy guide in his or her pocket will have a valuable and quick reference for every day audiologic diagnosis and referral!Key features:*Concise and approachable outline format for quick reference*Small size for ease of portability*Over 75 figures and tables to enhance the content

Chronic liver disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed world. The large amount of new knowledge has resulted in subspecialities, even in issues such as hepatology. Thus every day, it is more difficult to access all relevant information that is being published. Additionally, biomolecular techniques lead to a level of complexity that is only beneficial when dealt with by professionals. This book attempts to give a broad overview of the molecular biology of the liver, emphasizing how this knowledge is the basis of further treatment. Thus, pathophysiology and therapies are updated in viral hepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy and portal hypertension, among others. However, appended issues that apparently are less relevant such as the stem cell and endocannabinoids are included. These two issues will soon be of importance due to their close relationship with the liver tissue and especially with liver disease. There are also new paradigms such as cell death and the implication of the extracellular matrix, which are also addressed. In addition, important issues such as the stellate cells and their intimate relationship with fibrogenesis are treated in-depth. Also the fundamental role of endothelin in chronic liver disease is examined. Because of its prevalence, NASH was discussed with special interest, with a focus on the process from fatty liver to molecular biology of liver cells and metabolism in chronic liver disease. The authors believe that this is a broad vision that describes the basic pathophysiological mechanisms shared by many liver diseases, giving rational support for specific therapies.