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Books > Medicine > Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences > Medical genetics
How scientific advances in genetic modification will fundamentally change the natural world The process of manipulating the genetic material of one animal to include the DNA of another creates a new transgenic organism. Several animals, notably goats, mice, sheep, and cattle are now genetically modified in this way. In Our Transgenic Future, Lisa Jean Moore wonders what such scientific advances portend. Will the natural world become so modified that it ceases to exist? After turning species into hybrids, can we ever get back to the original, or are they forever lost? Does genetic manipulation make better lives possible, and if so, for whom? Moore centers the story on goats that have been engineered by the US military and civilian scientists using the DNA of spiders. The goat's milk contains a spider-silk protein fiber; it can be spun into ultra-strong fabric that can be used to manufacture lightweight military body armor. Researchers also hope the transgenically produced spider silk will revolutionize medicine with biocompatible medical inserts such as prosthetics and bandages. Based on in-depth research with spiders in Florida and transgenic goats in Utah, Our Transgenic Future focuses on how these spidergoats came into existence, the researchers who maintain them, the funders who have made their lives possible, and how they fit into the larger science of transgenics and synthetics. This book is a fascinating story about the possibilities of science and the likely futures that may come.
Over the past few years there has been a proliferation of genetic databases and biobanks, which promise to increase scientists' understandings of the way our genes interact with the environment. These biomedical research projects involve hundreds of thousands of people worldwide who are asked to donate blood and tissue samples as well as personal information. The control, exploitation and ownership of such detailed personal medical information by governments and by commercial companies is generating social and ethical controversy. Genetic Databases offers a timely analysis of the underlying tensions, contradictions and limitations of the current regulatory frameworks for and policy debates about genetic databases. Drawing on original empirical research and theoretical debates in the fields of sociology, anthropology and legal studies, the contributors to this book challenge the prevailing orthodoxy of informed consent and explore the relationship between personal privacy and the public good. They also consider the multiple meanings attached to human tissue and the role of public consultations and commercial involvement in the creation and use of genetic databases. The authors argue
Omics is an emerging and exciting area in the field of science and medicine. Numerous promising developments have been elucidated using omics (including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics, cytomics and bioinformatics) in cancer research. The development of high-throughput technologies that permit the solution of deciphering cancer from higher dimensionality will provide a knowledge base which changes the face of cancer understanding and therapeutics. This is the first book to provide such a comprehensive coverage of a rapidly evolving area written by leading experts in the field of omics. It complies and details cutting-edge cancer research that covers the broad advances in the field and its application from cancer-associated gene discovery to drug target validation. It also highlights the potential of using integration approach for cancer research. This unique and timely book provides a thorough overview of developing omics, which will appeal to anyone involved in cancer research. It will be a useful reference book for graduate students of different subjects (medicine, biology, engineering, etc) and senior scientists interested in the fascinating area of advanced technologies in cancer research. Readership: This is a precious book for all types of readers cancer researchers, oncologists, pathologists, biologists, clinical chemists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical specialists, biostatisticians, and bioinformaticists who want to expand their knowledge in cancer research."
Stem cell research has been a problematic endeavour. For the past twenty years it has attracted moral controversies in both the public and the professional sphere. The research involves not only laboratories, clinics and people, but ethics, industries, jurisprudence, and markets. Today it contributes to the development of new therapies and affects increasingly many social arenas. The matrix approach introduced in this book offers a new understanding of this science in its relation to society. The contributions are multidisciplinary and intersectional, illustrating how agency and influence between science and society go both ways. Conceptually, this volume presents a situated and reflexive approach for philosophy and sociology of the life sciences. The practices that are part of stem cell research are dispersed, and the concepts that tie them together are tenuous; there are persistent problems with the validation of findings, and the ontology of the stem cell is elusive. The array of applications shapes a growing bioeconomy that is dependent on patient donations of tissues and embryos, consumers, and industrial support. In this volume it is argued that this research now denotes not a specific field but a flexible web of intersecting practices, discourses, and agencies. To capture significant parts of this complex reality, this book presents recent findings from researchers, who have studied in-depth aspects of this matrix of stem cell research. This volume presents state-of-the-art examinations from senior and junior scholars in disciplines from humanities and laboratory research to various social sciences, highlighting particular normative and epistemological intersections. The book will appeal to scholars as well as wider audiences interested in developments in life science and society interactions. The novel matrix approach and the accessible case studies make this an excellent resource for science and society courses.
Since the advent of cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide array technology, and gene chip analysis, genomics has revolutionized the entire field of biomedical research. A byproduct of this revolution, toxicogenomics is a fast-rising star within toxicological analysis.
Combining elements of biochemistry, molecular biology, and immunology, artificial DNA can be employed in a number of scientific disciplines. Some of the varied applications include site-specific mutagenesis, hybridization, amplification, protein engineering, anti-sense technology, DNA vaccines, protein vaccines, recombinant antibodies, screening for genetic and pathogenic diseases, development of materials with new biochemical and structural properties, and many more.
Cell biology is a rapidly advancing subject. Understanding principles of nuclear architecture is a key question. Researchers are starting to develop more strict and rigorous methods of image processing and quantitative analysis to provide an end-to-end process supporting the fundamental biology. This book has chapters contributed by experts in the field that address the whole endeavour of teasing out the principles of nuclear architecture: ranging from fundamental science, through imaging processing and quantitative analysis, to applications, related to disease. This material is focussed on the latest breakthroughs, and moreover will emphasise a strict and rigorous development of the scientific process. A systems view is stressed where relevant. The objective is not to provide an encyclopaedic compendium of nuclear architecture information, but rather to present state of the art tools in specific contexts, which will readily generalise.
Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Second Edition provides an authoritative and up to date review of the key genes known to be critical in the development or progression of cancer. Throughout the book, scientific advances and their clinical relevance are covered in detail, particularly in the light of findings concerning the inheritance of genes predisposing to tumorigenesis. The book is therefore a valuable source of reference for clinicians and genetic counsellors as well as researchers.
The Laboratory Computer: A Practical Guide for Physiologists and
Neuroscientists introduces the reader to both the basic principles
and the actual practice of recording physiological signals using
the computer.
This detailed book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art presentation of all aspects of miRNA target identification, from the prediction of miRNA binding sites on their target molecules to their experimental validation and downstream functional analysis. It also explores methodologies and tools for target prediction and related analysis, as well as tutorials on specific tasks, tools, and analysis pipelines. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, MicroRNA Target Identification: Methods and Protocols updates on basic and advanced concepts involving miRNA target identification and delivers an extremely useful guide to specific computational tasks and analysis in miRNA research.
Nuclear Receptors and Genetic Disease provides the first
compilation of the role of nuclear hormones in health and disease
and incorporates the latest breakthroughs in the field. It provides
comprehensive reviews of the major receptors prepared by the
acknowledged experts in each area. Each chapter provides
information on the history, physiology, structure, mechanism of
action, genetics, pathophysiology, disease diagnosis, and disease
treatment for a particular nuclear receptor. Each chapter also
includes a table showing all the known mutations of the respective
nuclear receptor with the corresponding clinical disorder.
This comprehensive and definitive work succeeds and expands on the
highly successful HLA and Disease published in 1994. This new
edition has been updated, redesigned and reorganised into three
sections making it an invaluable reference.
Understanding gene expression and how it changes under normal and pathological conditions is essential to our understanding of the fundamentals of cell biology through to the targeted treatment of disease. In Gene Expression Profiling: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, experts in their particular fields compile detailed protocols for a broad range of techniques, currently available and being further developed, for the analysis of gene expression at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and easy-to-use, Gene Expression Profiling: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition presents a collection of clearly described and illustrated chapters, certain to be helpful to researchers in academia, in hospitals, and in industry who are interested in applying techniques, whether basic or advanced, for the analysis of gene expression.
This book, written by a leading geneticist, examines the ethical
and social issues raised by the genetic testing of children. The
opinions of geneticists, ethicists and affected families are all
included to give a balanced view of this controversial field.
Issues covered include confidentiality, potential abuses of genetic
information (eg the use of test results by insurance companies) and
the value of predictive genetic testing.
1-Coronavirus Genes: Comparative Aspects.- Sequence Analysis of CCV and its Relationship to FIPV, TGEV and PRCV.- Genomic Organization and Expression of the 3' End of the Canine and Feline Enteric Coronaviruses.- Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Spike Gene from Several Feline Coronaviruses.- Genomic Organisation of a Virulent Taiwanese Strain of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.- The Use of PCR Genome Mapping for the Characterisation of TGEV Strains.- Evolution and Tropism of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus.- Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus: Molecular Characterization of the S Gene Using cDNA Probes and Nucleotide Sequence Analysis.- Sequence Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein Gene of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus.- Genome Organization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus.- Characterization of the Nonstructural and Spike Proteins of the Human Respiratory Coronavirus OC43: Comparison with Bovine Enteric Coronavirus.- Identification, Expression in E. coli and Insect Cells of the Non-Structural Protein NS2 Encoded by mRNA2 of Bovine Coronavirus (BCV).- Characterization of the Human Coronavirus 229E (HCV 229E) Gene 1.- Identification of Coronaviral Conserved Sequences and Application to Viral Genome Amplification.- 2-Transcription, Replication and Genome Engineering.- Studies into the Mechanism for MHV Transcription.- Analysis of the Cis-Acting Elements of Coronavirus Transcription.- Control of TGEV mRNA Transcription.- An Intraleader Open Reading Frame is Selected from a Hypervariable 5' Terminus During Persistent Infection by the Bovine Coronavirus.- Effects of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection on Host Cell Metabolism.- The Effect of Amantadine on Mouse Hepatitis Virus Replication.- Analysis of Messenger RNA within Virions of IBV.- Inhibition of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Multiplication by Antisense Oligonucleotide, Antisense RNA, Sense RNA and Ribozyme.- Site-Specific Sequence Repair of Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNA by RNA Recombination and Edited RNA.- Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Genome of Mouse Hepatitis Virus by Targeted RNA Recombination.- Homologous RNA Recombination Allows Efficient Introduction of Site-Specific Mutations into the Genome of Coronavirus MHV-A59 via Synthetic Co-Replicating RNAs.- 3-Characterization and Functions of Viral Proteins.- Identification of Peplomer Cleavage Site Mutations Arising During Persistence of MHV-A59.- Proteolytic Cleavage of the Murine Coronavirus Surface Glycoprotein is not Required for its Fusion Activity.- Fusogenic Properties of Uncleaved Spike Protein of Murine Coronavirus JHMV.- Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Resistant Variant of MHV.- Molecular Mimicry Between S Peplomer Proteins of Coronaviruses (MHV, BCV, TGEV and IBV) and Fc receptor.- Complex Formation Between the Spike Protein and the Membrane Protein During Mouse Hepatitis Virus Assembly.- Preliminary Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for a Viral 27 kD Glycoprotein Family Synthesized in Porcine Epidemic Diarrheoa Virus Infected Cells.- Involvement of Lipids in Membrane Binding of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Nucleocapsid Protein.- A Novel Glycoprotein of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Coronavirus Contains a KDEL-Like Endoplasmic Reticulm Retention Signal.- Altered Proteolytic Processing of the Polymerase Polyprotein in RNA(-) Temperature Sensitive Mutants of Mucine Coronavirus.- A Newly Identified MHV-A59 ORF1a Polypeptide p65 is Temperature Sensitive in Two RNA Negative Mutants.- Proteolytic Processing of the N-Terminal Region of the Equine Arteritis Virus Replicase.- 4-Coronaviruses, Toroviruses and Arteriviruses: Common and Distinctive Features.- The Coronaviruslike Superfamily.- Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) Contains a Unique Set of Four Structural Proteins.- The Coronaviridae now Comprises Two Genera, Coronavirus and Torovirus: Report of the Coronaviridae Study Group.- 5-Cellular Receptors for Coronaviruses.- Coronavirus Receptor S...
This innovative book provides a unique perspective on the biomedical and societal implications of personalized medicine and how it will help mitigate the healthcare crisis and rein in ever-growing expenditure. It introduces the reader to underlying concepts at the heart of personalized medicine - pharmacogenomics, targeted therapies and individualized diagnosis and treatment - and shows how, with the advent of genomic technologies, clinicians will have the capability to predict and diagnose disease more efficiently. Advocating a patient-centred approach at the heart of care, this introduction to personalized medicine, the science behind it, its economic effects, its effects upon patients and its overall implications for society will be invaluable to clinicians, to healthcare providers and to patients.
Genetics and Gene Therapy shows the wide range of the debate and the very real significance that genetics and its associated developments have for human beings, individually and collectively. Few areas of science and medicine have resulted in the volume of academic and popular literature as has genetics. The so-called revolution in understanding of the causes of disease states, and even behavioural traits, has focussed public attention on the influence of genes in making us what we are. Rapidly, however, the potential benefits of such understanding were overtaken, in the public mind at least, by the question of the possible (negative) implications of genetic knowledge and associated technologies. The chapters in this volume show just how wide-ranging concern has become, ranging from regulation to cloning, with the fear of discrimination in between. Part One begins with a range of general discussions of about the genetic enterprise itself, followed by consideration of some specific questions. Part Two then addresses cutting edge debates in genetics.
The book is primarily concerned with DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling in the context of forensic medicine and kinship testing. It concentrates on methods of determining the degree of relatedness of members of the same species, focusing on humans and occasionally glancing at other species.
This textbook provides an introduction to neuroscience, focusing particularly on the rapidly developing aspects. The techniques of molecular biology are introduced and described in the context of their role in elucidating brain function at the molecular level.
Using the clinical picture of triplet repeat disorders as a starting point, this work reviews and integrates understanding of the molecular pathologies, the genotype-phenotype relationships, and the mutational processes of trinucleotide repeats of triplet repeat disorders. Laboratory and clinical issues relating to genetic testing for these disorders are also addressed. This book is aimed at clinicians and researchers in genetics, neuroscience, paediatrics and psychiatry.
An important new collection of clinical and preclinical reports on genetic therapy, this book describes illustrative examples of diseases in which gene-based interventions are presently plausible, and presents case studies of current research using both synthetic oligonucleotides and biological vectors. Combining the insights of over 50 contributors, Clinical Trials of Genetic Therapy with Antisense DNA and DNA Vectors -furnishes a historical overview of genetic therapy -highlights official Food and Drug Administration positions on the preparation of oligonucleotides and vectors -offers practical models of agent preparation, animal testing, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical trials -discusses both synthetic DNA and biological vector approaches to cancer, viral, and cardiological indications -illustrates for new practitioners how each stage of genetic therapy is developed -details genetic treatment of leukemia; lymphoma; cancer of the brain, breast, colon, kidney, and lung; melanoma; HIV; and coronary restenosis -includes examples of antisense, ribozyme, tumor suppressor, immunostimulation, and gene replacement therapy -and addresses questions of preparation, delivery, toxicity, mechanism, and specificity.
This second edition explores techniques involving pseudogenic DNA, RNA, and proteins. Chapters describe how to identify pseudogenes and how to study the functions and alterations of pseudogenic RNA and proteins, both in vitro, and in vivo. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, methodological chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting while avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Pseudogenes: Functions and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a practical guide to researches, useful to help further their study in this field.
This valuable handbook provides a detailed step-by step solution or lengthy discussion for every problem in the text. The handbook also features additional study aids, including extra study problems, chapter outlines, vocabulary exercises, and an overview of how to study genetics.
Next generation sequencing is revolutionizing molecular biology. Owing to this new technology it is now possible to carry out a panoply of experiments at an unprecedented low cost and high speed. These go from sequencing whole genomes, transcriptomes and small non-coding RNAs to description of methylated regions, identification protein - DNA interaction sites and detection of structural variation. The generation of gigabases of sequence information for each of this huge bandwidth of applications in just a few days makes the development of bioinformatics applications for next generation sequencing data analysis as urgent as challenging. |
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