This volume presents detailed laboratory procedures in an easy to follow format that can be carried out with success by investigators lacking previous exposure to a specific research method. Chapter guide readers through the application of molecular approaches to disease gene identification and overviews, and case studies are also presented. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Disease Gene Identification: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to help with the identification and characterization of many more disease-related genes and provide novel, and effective strategies for disease treatment and prevention.

A great deal of confusion and uncertainty over genotoxic impurity (GTI) identification, assessment, and control exists in the pharmaceutical industry today. Pharmaceutical Industry Practices on Genotoxic Impurities strives to facilitate scientific and systematic consensus on GTI management by presenting rationales, strategies, methods, interpretations, practices, and case studies from the pharmaceutical industry. Featuring the contributions of industry leaders from nine major pharmaceutical companies, this authoritative text: Explores the safety, quality, and regulatory aspects of GTIs Provides an overview of the latest FDA and EMEA guidelines Explains the how and why of various GTI control tactics and practices Describes genotoxicity evaluation, acceptable exposure calculation, and analytical methods for testing Includes real-life examples of GTI control in drug substance and drug product development processes Containing case studies from large and small pharmaceutical firms in multiple geographical regions, Pharmaceutical Industry Practices on Genotoxic Impurities supplies an overview of-and a current framework for-GTI control in the pharmaceutical industry, demonstrating how proper management of GTIs can occur with the appropriate guidance, a firm grasp of the practical implications, and effective information sharing between disciplines.

Over the past two decades, spectacular advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular genetics of cancer, leading to the pursuit of identifying genes that, when mutated, result in an increased susceptibility to the disease. In Cancer Susceptibility: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field bring together the most recent technological developments for identifying and screening cancer susceptibility genes. Divided into two clear sections, the book begins with gene identification, which updates and informs scientists working at identifying novel cancer susceptibility genes, while the second part deals with mutation screening technologies that aid scientists and clinicians working to translate this knowledge into the clinic. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cancer Susceptibility: Methods and Protocols is a timely collection that seeks to provide researchers with the tools to predict and combat this terrible disease.

Outlines the laboratory diagnosis of a selected number of diseases which have relatively high incidence and existing screening programs.

The discovery of the two inherited susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the mid-1990s created the possibility of predictive genetic testing and led to the establishment of specific medical programmes for those at high risk of developing breast cancer in the UK, US and Europe. The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics. Chapter 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415824064_oachapter8.pdf

Stem Cells reviews the current knowledge on stem cell science covering all its major topics, from basic cell biology to legislation. Volume II concentrates on mechanisms of stem cell regeneration in the adult organism with the aim to understand how lost tissue can be replaced during adulthood and aging. The second focus of this volume is on stem cell identification and manipulation, including applications in basic research, medicine, and industry. Volume II closes with an outlook on generalized approaches to solve legislative and ethical challenges.

The book provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of the essential role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in bone formation. In combination with researches from multiple scholars in this field, the book reviews the mechanisms of ncRNA-related bone diseases, as well as the potential applications of RNA synthesis technology in bone disorder treatments. This volume covers the following topics: 1) basic introduction of non-coding RNA and bone development, how 2) microRNAs and 3) long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) regulate bone formation, 4) how ncRNAs and the corresponding pathways participate in bone metabolism diseases, 5) RNA synthesis technology and the possible RNA therapies in bone disease. Researchers and students in the fields of human genetics, human physiology, developmental biology and biomedical engineering, as well as professionals and scientists in Orthopedics, will particularly find this book helpful.

The successful achievement of pregnancies following pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was first reported in April 1990. The technology is often used for patients who are at substantial risk of conceiving a pregnancy affected by a known genetic disorder, however from this technology other more controversial uses have arisen such as HLA typing to save the life of a sibling, gender selection for social reasons, the prevention of late onset diseases, or the prevention of diseases which may be genetically predisposed to developing such as breast cancer. The technology surrounding PGD is constantly developing, giving rise to new and unexpected consequences that create fresh ethical and legal dilemmas. Featuring internationally recognized experts in the field, this book critically explores the regulation of PGD and the broader legal and ethical issues associated with it. It looks at the regulatory situation in a number of jurisdictions including New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom, but it also explores a number of themes of wide significance including a historical consideration of PGD and its part in the creation of the "genetic embryo" as a political tool, the over regulation of PGD and the ethical difficulties in handling additional unexpected medical information yielded by new technologies. This book will be of particular interest to academics and students of law, medicine and ethics.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This book examines conserved pathways mediating cell cycle progression and cell polarity establishment. It includes examples of yeast, regulatory circuits, and feedback regulation, with emphasis on system-wide approaches. It also covers protein interaction networks and trait locus analysis and presents methods and challenges in comparative genomics analysis and evolutionary genetics.

Recent efforts to characterize genetic variation in the human genome, coupled with the rapidly developing field of genomics, have lead directly to the development of new and innovative approaches to the identification of genes contributing to complex human diseases. In Disease Gene Identification: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide up-to-date molecular methodologies used in the process of identifying a disease gene, from the initial stage of study design to the next stage of preliminary locus identification, and ending with stages involved in target characterization and validation. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series, chapters contain brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and detailed tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and essential, Disease Gene Identification: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists striving toward the identification and characterization of the many disease-related genes, which may someday pave the way for more accurate and improved methods of disease diagnosis as well as vital strategies for disease treatment and prevention.

This book reaches out to a wide variety of professionals in the biomedical field with an interest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Enormous progress has been made in the last few years since the publication of the first edition in the study of complex diseases and IBD, with hundreds of genomic regions identified that are associated with increased risk. Authored by leading clinical and research scientists in the field, the book includes state-of-the art synopses of recent genetic findings, and their interpretation for current and future exploitation in translational approaches to personalized medicine in IBD. The book also covers risk prediction, improved diagnostic and therapeutic precision, dissection of disease phenotypes and subtypes, identification of biomarkers, and host gene-microbiota interactions of clinical relevance.

Despite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients are limited in their efficacy. The mechanisms of tissue protection and repair are probably even less understood. One reason for these limitations is the enormous complexity of the disease and every facet of its pathogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue injury, the diagnostic procedures and finally the efficacy of treatments and their side effects. The aim of this book is to review the most recent advances made in this highly complex field.

Cleavage-Site Motifs in Protein Targeting Sequences; G. von Heijne. Complications of RNA Heterogeneity for the Engineering of Virus Vaccines and Antiviral Agents; E. Domingo, J.J. Holland. The Quaternary Structures of SV40 Large T-Antigen and Tumor Suppressor p53; J.E. Stenger, et al. Assembly of Antibodies and Mutagenized Variants in Transgenic Plants and Plant Cell Cultures; A. Haitt, et al. Maize Endosperm Tissue as an Endoreduplication System; R.V. Kowles, et al. Study of Chlorate-Resistant Mutants of Arabidopsis; N.M. Crawford. Approaches and Progress in the Molecular Cloning of Plant Disease Resistance Genes; J.L. Bennetzen, J.D.G. Jones. Is GRP78 a Sensor of Cellular Secretory Activity? T. Leustek. The Molecular Biology of Pathogenesis in Ustilago Maydis; B.J. Saville, S.A. Leong. Molecular Design of Oligomeric Channel Proteins; A. Grove, et al. 5 additional articles. Index.

This book provides an introduction to the latest gene mapping techniques and their applications in biomedical research and evolutionary biology. It especially highlights the advances made in large-scale genomic sequencing. Results of studies that illustrate how the new approaches have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of complex phenotypes including multifactorial diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity), anatomic characteristics (e.g., the craniofacial complex), and neurological and behavioral phenotypes (e.g., human brain structure and nonhuman primate behavior) are presented. Topics covered include linkage and association methods, gene expression, copy number variation, next-generation sequencing, comparative genomics, population structure, and a discussion of the Human Genome Project. Further included are discussions of the use of statistical genetic and genetic epidemiologic techniques to decipher the genetic architecture of normal and disease-related complex phenotypes using data from both humans and non-human primates.

This volume provides established approaches for identifying, characterizing, and manipulating circRNAs in vitro, in vivo, and in silico. Chapters highlight the breakthroughs and the challenges in this new field of research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circular RNAs: Methods and Protocols aims to useful and informative for further study into this vital field.

Methods to Describe Fish Stocks; R. Guyomard. Spatial Organization of Pacific Salmon; B.E. Riddell. Status of Biodiversity of Taxa and Nontaxa of Salmonid Fishes; R.J. Behnte. Requirements for Genetic Data on Adaptations to Environment and Habitats of Salmonids; C.D. Levingo. Impacts of Fishing on Genetic Structure of Salmonid Populations; J.E. Thorpe. Genetic Change in Hatchery Populations; G.A.E. Gall. Potential Impacts of Transgenic and Genetically Manipulated Fish on Natural Populations; E. Hallerman, A. Kapuscinski. The Reproductive Containment of Genetically Altered Salmonids; E.M. Donalson, et al. Germplasm Repositories for Plants; R.L. Clark. Advances in Cryopreservation of Embryos and Prospects for Application to the Conservation of Salmonid Fishes; W.F. Rall. Genetic Resource Banks and Reproductive Technology for Wildlife Conservation; D.E. Wildt, et al. Cryopreservation of Fish Spermatozoa; B. Harvey. 14 additional articles. Index.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cutting-edge topic in the scientific and medical fields. This is a timely and specialized book focusing on the current understanding of miRNAs and the potential for their application in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets. It also provides discussion of the lessons learned from translational miRNA studies and exploration of the next steps required to advance this field.

The unique book comprises 22 in-depth chapters by gathering unparalleled topics of interest in miRNAs by international team of world-renowned experts in the field. The first fifteen chapters provide comprehensive and expert perspectives on the most common cancers from bench to bedside applications, there is no current book structured in this cancer-oriented way. The next seven chapters providing thorough overviews of miRNAs and cancer stem cells; miRNAs in cancer invasion and metastasis; miRNAs in predicting radiotherapy and chemotherapy response; as well as expounding the role of miRNA in anti-cancer drug resistance and as blood-based cancer biomarkers. Furthermore, this book explicates the interplay of miRNAs in cancer metabolism and an update on the pioneering RNAi-based treatment approaches is also presented.

This specialized book will contribute great to the scientific and medical community by providing the up-to-date discoveries of miRNAs and their important roles in cancer translational research.

Gene regulatory networks play a vital role in organismal development and function by controlling gene expression. With the availability of complete genome sequences, several novel experimental and computational approaches have recently been developed which promise to significantly enhance our ability to comprehensively characterize these regulatory networks by enabling the identification of respectively their genomic or regulatory state components, or the interactions between these two in unprecedented detail. Divided into five convenient sections, Gene Regulatory Networks: Methods and Protocols details how each of these approaches contributes to a more thorough understanding of the composition and function of gene regulatory networks, while providing a comprehensive protocol on how to implement them in the laboratory. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Gene Regulatory Networks: Methods and Protocols aims to provide novices and experienced researchers alike with a comprehensive and timely toolkit to study gene regulatory networks from the point of data generation to processing, visualization, and modeling.

Recent developments in microarray technology have changed the landscape of biology and biomedical research, and they have revolutionized RNA and DNA research. In Biological Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore exciting new developments in the field, providing a comprehensive approach to biological microarrays that conveys not only the state-of-the-art fundamentals, but also includes applications of the most innovative methods. Chapters address both the application of biological microarrays, including DNA/RNA, apatmer, proteins, tissues, oligonucleotides, carbohydrates, biomaterials, cells, bacteria, and virus microarrays, and also explore the different techniques used for generating microarray platforms. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Wide-ranging and revolutionary, Biological Microarrays: Methods and Protocols serves as a primary source for academics, practitioners, and professionals in related fields, including biologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, analytical chemists, and biomedical, physical, and microsystems engineers, to name a few, appealing to all of those interested in the present and future state of biological microarray research.

This book presents descriptive overviews of gene editing strategies across multiple species while also offering in-depth insight on complex cases of application in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chapters feature contributions from leaders in stem cell therapy and biology, providing a comprehensive view of the application of gene therapy in numerous fields with an emphasis on ophthalmology, stem cells, and agriculture. The book also highlights recent major technological advances, including ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR. Precision Medicine, CRISPR, and Genome Engineering is part of the highly successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series. It is an indispensable resource for researchers and students in genetics as well as clinicians.

Rosenberg's Molecular and Genetic Basis of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disease, Sixth Edition: Volume One, provides a comprehensive introduction and reference to the foundations and key practical aspects relevant to neurologic and psychiatric disease. A favorite of over three generations of students, clinicians and scholars, this new edition retains and expands the informative, concise and critical tone of the first edition. This is an essential reference for general medical practitioners, neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, and related professionals, and for the neuroscience and neurology research community. The content covers all aspects essential to the practice of neurogenetics to inform clinical diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling. Every chapter has been thoroughly revised or newly commissioned to reflect the latest scientific and medical advances by an international team of leading scientists and clinicians. The contents have been expanded to include disorders for which a genetic basis has been recently identified, together with abundant original illustrations that convey and clarify the key points of the text in an attractive, didactic format.

GW bodies are novel cytoplasmic foci that were discovered and named by Dr. Chan's group in 2002. These bodies are now known to be active cytoplasmic foci involved with the new gene regulation process mediated by microRNA that leads to translational repression and mRNA degradation. The detailed biological functions of these cytoplasmic structures are still being uncovered and the idea for this book is to provide the history of the discovery and the major work from different laboratories that has led to the characterization and elucidation of the structure and function of these new multiple subcellular structures.

System Biology encompasses the knowledge from diverse fields such as Molecular Biology, Immunology, Genetics, Computational Biology, Mathematical Biology, etc. not only to address key questions that are not answerable by individual fields alone, but also to help in our understanding of the complexities of biological systems. Whole genome expression studies have provided us the means of studying the expression of thousands of genes under a particular condition and this technique had been widely used to find out the role of key macromolecules that are involved in biological signaling pathways. However, making sense of the underlying complexity is only possible if we interconnect various signaling pathways into human and computer readable network maps. These maps can then be used to classify and study individual components involved in a particular phenomenon. Apart from transcriptomics, several individual gene studies have resulted in adding to our knowledge of key components that are involved in a signaling pathway. It therefore becomes imperative to take into account of these studies also, while constructing our network maps to highlight the interconnectedness of the entire signaling pathways and the role of that particular individual protein in the pathway. This collection of articles will contain a collection of pioneering work done by scientists working in regulatory signaling networks and the use of large scale gene expression and omics data. The distinctive features of this book would be: Act a single source of information to understand the various components of different signaling network (roadmap of biochemical pathways, the nature of a molecule of interest in a particular pathway, etc.), Serve as a platform to highlight the key findings in this highly volatile and evolving field, and Provide answers to various techniques both related to microarray and cell signaling to the readers.

In "Functional Analysis of DNA and Chromatin," expert researchers in the field provide an overview of standard and more recent methods for the functional analysis of the genetic material. These include methods on DNA-dye binding modes, chromatin staining, nuclear dispersion assays, DNA labeling" in vivo," sister chromatid exchanges, FISH, DNA and chromatin imaging by fluorescence, electron and atomic force microscopy, detection of apoptotic DNA, cytosine methylation and hydroxy-methylation, DNA thermophoresis, improved methods for histone analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and analysis of rDNA genes and chromatin-associated RNA. Written in the highly successful "Methods in Molecular Biology "series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Authoritativeand practical, "Functional Analysis of DNA and Chromatin "seeks to aid scientists in the further study of cellular and molecular biology of the nucleus.

"