Clinicians undergoing competency testing, certification, and periodic recertification are frequently faced with computer-based exams designed to evaluate clinical acumen and judgment. Test questions often include an image or radiograph followed by a vignette of the clinical encounter and a series of questions. Designed to better prepare practitioners for image-intense, computer-based examinations in their respective fields, Atlas of Human Poisoning and Envenoming is a visual and written reminder of the ubiquitous sources of toxins and toxoids in the environment and the outcomes of accidental or intentional toxic exposures in humans. The Second Edition has been restructured with bulleted text, tables, and figures resembling the vignettes that accompany national examinations. Combining the four specialties of toxicology-analytical, medical, environmental, and industrial-into one comprehensive atlas, the book presents photographs and diagrams of toxic plants and animals, their mechanisms of poisoning or envenoming, and the human responses caused by toxic exposure. Highlights of the new edition include: Prescription and illicit drug abuse epidemics Environmental and occupational nephrotoxicology and neurotoxicology Tick paralysis Petrochemical toxicants Biological, chemical, and radiological warfare agents Workplace substance abuse screening and monitoring Epidemiological design and statistical analysis of toxicological investigations The book is conveniently divided into four sections covering general medical toxicology, environmental toxicology, industrial and occupational toxicology, and epidemiology and statistics for toxicology. Supplemented with a 16-page color insert, the second edition includes new images and tables. The atlas will be a useful study guide for a range of practitioners preparing for a lifetime of image-intense national examinations.

Multivariate analysis of the multi-component analytical profiles of carefully collected biofluid and/or tissue biopsy specimens can provide a 'fingerprint' of their biomolecular/metabolic status. Therefore, if applied correctly, valuable information regarding disease indicators, disease strata and sub-strata and disease activities can be obtained.

This exemplary new book highlights applications of these techniques in the areas of drug therapy and toxicology, cancer, obesity and diabetes, as well as outlining applications to cardiovascular, infectious, inflammatory and oral diseases in detail. The book gives particular reference to cautionary measures that must be applied to the diagnosis and classification of these conditions or physiological criteria. Comprehensively covering a wide range of topics, of particular interest is the focus on experimental design and 'rights and wrongs' of the techniques commonly applied by researchers, and the very recent development of powerful 'Pattern Recognition' techniques.

The book provides a detailed introduction to the area, applications and common pitfalls of the techniques discussed before moving into detailed coverage of specific disease areas, each highlighted in individual chapters. This title will provide an invaluable resource to Medicinal chemists, Biochemists and toxicologists working in industry and academia.

Since the first publication of this book in 2007, the field of nanoscience and nanomedicine continues to grow substantially. This second edition, Nanotoxicology: Progress toward Nanomedicine, enlists internationally recognized experts to document the continuing development and rationale for the safe design of engineered nanomaterials (ENM). This includes new improved characterization endpoints, screening, and detection methods for in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing. These tools also contribute greatly to nanosafety research applied to nanomedicines. Topics include The impacts of nanotechnology on biomedicine, including functionalization for tissue-specific targeting, the biointeractions of multifunctional nanoparticle-based therapy, and the ability to control specific physicochemical properties of nanoparticles The requirements for proper detection, measurement, and assessment both for workplace exposure and in consumer products-with a focus on potential health and safety implications Predictive modeling, using quantitative nanostructure activity relationships to predict the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanomaterials in the body Specific methodologies, imaging, and techniques to assess nanomaterials from the manufacturing process to nanomedicine applications Tools for assessing nanoparticle toxicity and the limitations of detection methods for assessing toxicity in both in vivo and in vitro systems and at the single cell and tissue levels Toxicity of nanomaterials to specific organ systems, cell-based targeting to tumors, and other biomedical applications The difficulty of conducting risk assessments and the need for addressing knowledge gaps, especially with long-term studies A roadmap for future research The development of nanotechnology-based products must be complemented with appropriate validated methods to assess, monitor, manage, and reduce the potential risks of ENM to human health and the environment. This volume provides a cogent survey of advances in this area by a well-respected and diverse group of international scientists.

A wide-ranging compilation of techniques, Extrapolation Practice for Ecotoxicological Effect Characterization of Chemicals describes methods of extrapolation in the framework of ecological risk assessment. The book, informally known as EXPECT, identifies data needs and situations where these extrapolations can be most usefully applied, making it a practical guide to the application of extrapolation procedures. It focuses on the extrapolation of chemical effects and covers the extrapolation of exposures in the context of interactions between toxicants and the matrix.

Continuing the tradition set by the first and second editions, each a bestseller in its own right, the third edition of Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology provides reviews of environmental agents, updated to reflect the latest information on how these agents influence immune system function and health. For the first time in the book's history, an entire section covers the phylogeny and ontogeny of the immune system, spanning levels of biological complexity from earthworms to marine mammals.

Providing a concise, yet comprehensive, reference on all aspects of industrial exposures and toxicants; this book aids toxicologists, industrial hygienists, and occupational physicians to investigate workplace health problems. • Updates and expands coverage with new chapters covering regulatory toxicology, toxicity testing, physical hazards, high production volume (HPV) chemicals, and workplace drug use • Includes information on occupational and environmental sources of exposure, mammalian toxicology, industrial hygiene, medical management and ecotoxicology • Retains a succinct chapter format that has become the hallmark for the previous editions • Distils a vast amount of information into one resource for both academics and professionals

Including the latest reviews of the most current issues related to food and nutrition toxicity, Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 3 distills a wide range of research on food safety and food technology. Put together by a strong team with a wealth of broad experience, the continuation of this important new series includes contributions from the fields of medicine, public health, and environmental science. Topics covered in Volume Three include: -MEG-related toxic, pathological, and etiological findings in the liver, stomach, blood, testes/uterus, kidneys, peritoneum, and skin -Current information on pharmacokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects of methyl mercury toxicity -The limits set by various agencies for, and the possible effects of, exposure to Uranium via ingestion and inhalation -Evidence that nutrition can modify PCB toxicity and its implications in numerous age-related diseases -The most recent findings on oxysterols' toxic and pro-atherosclerotic effects and the use of antioxidants supplements to prevent their generation in foods -Examples of published safety data, drug interactions, and problems with formulated products -Potential dangers and benefits of genetically modified foods, moral and ethical issues, and benefit risk ratios -Emerging issues in food contamination, recently-discovered contaminants, the increased use of genetically engineered crops, and their effects on children -New views on the onset of celiac disease, its symptoms outside the gastrointestinal tract, and its diagnosis and management A timely compilation, the book sheds light on the most important issues in food safety today. It is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the food industry oracademics researching food science and food technology.

Presents the latest research in the control of foodborne pathogens. Emphasizes traditional and emerging techniques as well as current applications for the inactivation of microorganisms to reduce illness and enhance food safety and quality.

Determination of Metals in Natural and Treated Waters draws together all the available literature and presents in a systematic fashion the latest analytical techniques for detecting metals in non-saline and saline natural and treated water. Broad outlines of different methods and their applicability in certain situations are given allowing the chemist to choose appropriate test methods.
This volume is an essential reference for environmental analytical chemists, toxicologists and the medical community in the water, agrochemistry, fisheries and waste management industries and the public sector, including enforcement and public health.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203302281

This new edition offers a clear and through examination of the most recent results of thirty years of research on calcium-activated-neutral protease (CANP or Calpain). Coverage includes the implications of the recently gained ability to produce functionally active recombinant calpain in various human disorders such as cerebal ischemia, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, cataract formation, myocardial infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. The resulting research to find more selective calpain inhibitors is also discussed. With a copy of Calpain: Pharmacology and Toxicology of Calcium Dependent Protease you will better understand why the calpain research area is such an exciting and promising one.

The Manual of Immunological Methods represents the collaboration of the Canadian Network of Toxicology Centers, a non-profit network of university-based scientists dedicated to research, training, risk assessment, and communication. This manual provides detailed immunological methods that can be utilized by researchers or practitioners who want to enhance the successful application of this science. It emphasizes the need for continuously improving the quality of experiments performed and maintaining consistency in the results obtained.
The Manual of Immunological Methods presents validated assays that are accompanied by a series of tools that will guide readers in performing their own laboratory work in the spirit of the Good Laboratory Practices. It covers specific methodologies including sample collection, preparation of cells, assay conditions, and data evaluation. Discussion of species differences and comparisons of a wide variety of species is an important feature. Both graduate students and practicing researchers in the areas of immunology and immunotoxicology will appreciate the Manual of Immunological Methods as a guide to standard operating procedures in the laboratory.

Conducting studies of natural and man-made air contaminants is a specialized research activity that draws upon skills from a variety of disciplines including toxicology, pharmacology, industrial hygiene, and environmental health. Methods in Inhalation Toxicology describes how knowledge from these disciplines is integrated into the design and conduct of inhalation studies. Each of the vital aspects of conducting these studies is discussed in detail, including the use of animal subjects and the related quality control and ethical considerations, air purification methodology, exposure atmosphere generation and characterization, inhalation exposure systems, and real-time and post-exposure biological assessments. These methods will enable you to conduct inhalation studies, easily adding any specific measures of particular interest to your research.
The book covers techniques needed to:
provide suitable clean air for experiments
correctly generate the particles and gases being studied
select the proper exposure system
monitor the exposure
prepare tissues for study
ensure that animals do not have confounding lung disease
The helpful descriptions and detailed lists of suppliers of preferred equipment and materials will help you to perform valid, reproducible inhalation toxicology studies. Methods in Inhalation Toxicology is a perfect textbook for students in toxicology programs, as well as for scientists who conduct inhalation studies in both academic and industrial environments.

The final volume in a series for mycologists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, and others scientists, from advanced undergraduate to professional, who are concerned with fungal infection in medicine, agriculture, food, and industrial processes. Summarizes the current knowledge on the causal intera

Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk contains a comprehensive, up-to-date global review of the contamination of human milk with environmental and occupational chemicals. The book covers many different aspects of this problem, including the extent and benefits of breast-feeding, the transfer of chemicals into breast milk, analytical methodologies used in human milk studies, the levels of chemical contaminants in human milk, and geographical variations and time trends in levels. The many different factors that can influence the levels of contaminants in breast milk are also discussed. Other important topics examined include human milk contamination due to exposure of the mother at the workplace and the risk to her baby, the intake of toxic chemicals by breast-fed infants, calculated intakes and official limit values, the toxicological implications of human milk contamination based on available data from animal experiments and human studies. The book concludes with an overall assessment of the current situation, together with recommendations for future work. Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk is a valuable source of information for pediatricians and other health professionals, policy makers involved with ensuring the health and welfare of infants and nursing mothers, nursing mothers and organizations involved in the promotion of breast feeding, and individuals and organizations involved with the study and control of environmental pollution and occupational hygiene.

This comprehensive treatise offers an in-depth discussion of natural toxicants in plants, emphasizing their effects as defenses against herbivory. Coevolution of plants and her-bivores are covered with a detailed treatment of toxicant metabolism and systemic effects in mammalian tissues. Con-sideration of the economic importance of plant toxins, modi-fication by plant breeding, management of toxico-sis, and toxicant problems in various geographic areas are in-cluded. Each volume offers an extensive description of chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, distribution in plants, metabolism in mam-mals and insects, and practical problems in humans and livestock.

This book bridges the gap between advances in basic biology and chemistry and technological applications in the field of toxicity assessments. It describes areas of progress in the laboratory and clinic and discusses aspects of cellular organelles. It also covers the basic principles and applications of modern toxicological tools such as transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. The recent developments on molecular modeling and systems biology are described with an eye on the future establishment of virtual cell technology. Finally the clinical implications for the understanding of acute and chronic renal toxicity are studied.

The contamination of both drinking and recreational water supplies by cyanobacteria is increasingly a cause for concern worldwide. While contamination causes livestock deaths with relative frequency, acute poisoning is rare in humans. However, there is growing apprehension over the possible role of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins in gastrointestinal and liver cancer.

Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies provides an articulate account of the biology, chemistry, toxicology, and human health implications of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins, and their occurrence in water supplies. It discusses effective methods of prevention, mitigation, and remediation of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs. The book presents novel and traditional approaches to water treatment for the elimination of these toxins. Written by a renowned expert who plays an instrumental role in revising the World Health Organization's drinking water guidelines for cyanotoxins, the book uses the field's most relevant findings and current examples to support a practical approach for assessing the potential risks and costs from toxic cyanobacterial blooms in water supplies.

Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies provides a lucid analysis of present and emerging issues in the ecology, safety, and treatment of drinking water for in environmental agencies, researchers, and policymakers. It is an authoritative resource for professionals in drinking and recreational water management, water supply utilities, analytical laboratories, and public health offices.

The annotated bibliography that follows summarizes some of the more important studies that have been published concerning smoking and its effects on the fetus along with reports of the various efforts that have been undertaken to reduce the impact of smoking during pregnancy. The material has been divided into topics to guide the reader and cross-references are included at the end of each section. An Author Index is also included to guide the reader to relevant publications when only an author's name is known. The following comments constitute an overall summary of the literature.

A comprehensive guide to general strategies and specific methods for testing the immunotoxicity of chemicals in animal models and humans. Addressed to those seeking a basic introduction to the field as well as specialist researchers the book takes its focus from growing concern in scientific and public communities about the capacity of environmental agents to disrupt normal immune functions and thus increase susceptibility to tumours and infectious diseases. Compounds known to adversely affect the immune system are numerous and include drugs pesticides solvents halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. The book draws on considerable recent progress in understanding the immunological consequences of chemical insults as well as increasingly sophisticated methodologies for assessing such effects. Close to 1000 references are included in this authoritative guide. The book opens with a detailed basic introduction to immunotoxicology. An extensive explanation of the function histophysiology and pathophysiology of the immune system emphasizes features that can aid the understanding and interpretation of the pathological changes caused by immunotoxic insults. Chapter two on the health impact of selected immunotoxic agents gives illustrative examples for some 30 chemicals that have been shown to exert immunotoxic effects in laboratory animals and for an additional seven groups of chemicals known to disturb immune functions in humans. For each brief discussions illustrate the chemical's distinct immunosuppressive properties and the mechanisms by which it exerts its toxic effects on the immune system. Chapter three provides detailed descriptions of a number of tests used in a tiered approach to the assessment of immunotoxicity. Against this background specific nonfunctional and functional tests for the assessment of immunotoxicology in experimental animals are presented and explained in full detail. Information on individual tests includes an explanation of why the test is important the types of data it can yield and exactly how it should be performed. Also included are sections offering advice on assessments in non-rodent species "in vitro "approaches and approaches using biomarkers in epidemiological studies and monitoring. The chapter concludes with a discussion of good laboratory practices for immunotoxicology studies and procedures for the validation of tests. Chapter five explains the much more complicated procedures needed to assess immunotoxicity in humans. An explanation of general questions to be considered when designing epidemiological studies is followed by presentation of three recommended testing schemes proposed by WHO and other agencies for preliminary evaluation of individuals exposed to immunotoxicants. Specific assays for assessing immune status are also described. The final chapter outlines a step-by-step process of risk assessment specific to the evaluation of potentially immunotoxic chemicals.