Arsenic is a naturally occurring element and, as such, it is present in the environment and in our food and drink. It can even be involved in supporting life processes. However, due to its toxicity, there is concern about its presence in our diet. This book examines the real risks and impacts of arsenic in our lives. Looking at arsenic and its compounds, this book explores the presence of arsenic in food and water, the need to clarify its toxicity, and current scientific and public misconceptions about arsenic. It also looks at the use of arsenic in medicine, from cancer treatments to alternative therapies such as homeopathy. Following on from "Is Arsenic an Aphrodisiac?: The Sociochemistry of an Element", this book continues the authors work in addressing the issues surrounding arsenic. It is a fascinating read for general readers as it unveils the reality of our exposure to arsenic in our daily lives.

Concerns about the adverse effects of chemicals present in the environment have created a need for better systems to assess their potential consequences on human health. One potential solution is the versatile and state-of-the-art Comet assay. Simple, sensitive, rapid and visual, this modern toxicological method allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of DNA damage in single cells. This assay is used in diverse fields ranging from clinical applications, human monitoring and environmental toxicology through to genetic toxicity testing. This updated and revised edition of The Comet Assay in Toxicology provides the latest information on this important tool. It addresses, in-depth, the different protocols, statistical analyses and applications used worldwide. It also includes the guidelines recommended by the Working Group on Comet Assay. The book begins with a review of the genesis of the assay for those new to the technique and goes on to explain procedures followed to assess different types of DNA damage, various applications of the assay, and guidelines for the conduct of the assay in in vitro and in vivo systems. New chapters written for this edition will provide information on the most contemporary approaches and applications, including in silico approaches, on meta-analysis of data and on the application of the Comet Assay in nanotoxicology. This book will serve as both a reference and a guide to students as well as investigators in the biomedical, biochemical and pharmaceutical sciences fields.

As society has become increasingly concerned with the protection and preservation of the environment, many industries have been pushed to comply with new policies and social demands for more environmentally-friendly and sustainable practices and products. However, the textile dyeing industry remains a significant source of complex environmental issues with legislative requirements that often vary in detail and severity concerning the exposure and hazards of potentially harmful chemicals and other associated materials. It is vital that the industry sector involved in the application of dyes continues to be sensitive to potential adverse effects on the environment in its widest sense and respond accordingly. Impact of Textile Dyes on Public Health and the Environment is an essential reference source that focuses on the environmental impact and social responsibility of the dyeing industry. While highlighting topics such as toxicology, bleaching, and greenhouse gases, this publication is ideally designed for chemists, industrialists, non-governmental organization members, environmentalists, fashion designers, clothes manufacturers, scientists, academicians, researchers, students, and practitioners seeking current research on dyeing's potentially adverse effects on the environment and strategic, effective responses.

The ACMT National Case Conference (NCC) is a monthly discussion of novel or interesting cases in medical toxicology. Participation is through online webinar, and the conferences are recorded to allow for review at any time. The cases in this book are taken from recordings of NCC with edits and revisions by contributors and editors to demonstrate educational points. The majority of the case information is from the original recording and represents actual patient presentations. However, some of the details have been changed and fictional information added to enhance the educational value. This volume covers a broad range of toxicological topics, and specialty guidance is offered at the end of every case to aid non-toxicologists. The dilemmas are applicable to both academic and clinical medicine. A list of relevant questions is also provided for each case. Subjects include common toxicological problems, rare presentations of common problems, common problems with controversial treatments or difficult diagnoses, and rare problems. Case Studies in Medical Toxicology from the American College of Medical Toxicology is a detailed reference text on specific toxicological issues and also serves as a practical review for those taking board exams. As a result, this volume is an important and necessary resource for medical students, residents, and fellows, as well as primary-care physicians, intensivists, and toxicologistsCase Studies in Medical Toxicology from the American College of Medical Toxicology is a detailed reference text on specific toxicological issues and also serves as a practical review for those taking board exams. As a result, this volume is an important and necessary resource for medical students, residents, and fellows, as well as primary-care physicians, intensivists, and toxicologists. All proceeds from this book will be donated to the Medical Toxicology Foundation.

This publication offers a comprehensive collection of 70 "building blocks," which are primary prevention strategies that merit consideration by state and local governments and others in position to reduce exposure to hazards in housing and thereby help meet the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating childhood lead poisoning. Exemplary strategies span a broad spectrum which includes targeting high-risk properties; widely instituting safe work practices; building community capacity to check for hazards and work safety; delivering hazard assessment, control and prevention services; motivating action; screening high-risk housing; expanding financial resources; strengthening enforcement; raising public awareness and support; and establishing valuable partnerships. A strategy has been considered for inclusion as a building block if it is sensitive to the economics of affordable housing, consistent with the principles of public health, holds the potential for broad-scale impact, stands a reasonable possibility of implementation, and offers promise for reducing lead and other environmental health hazards in high-risk housing. The summary of each building block is coupled with an illustration of how the strategy has been implemented and contact information for at least one individual who is knowledgeable about this activity. The purpose of disseminating Building Blocks for Primary Prevention: Protecting Children from Lead-Based Paint Hazards is to allow programs and policymakers easy access to information about innovative and promising strategies that span the spectrum of primary prevention, from which they may select one or several to pursue based on their jurisdiction's needs and political and economic realities.

Our world and bodies are becoming increasingly polluted with chemicals capable of interfering with our hormones and thus, possibly, our present and future neural and mental health. As authors Heather Patisaul and Scott Belcher outline, there is a large lack of data and evidence in this causal relationship, which begs a need for further study to accelerate progress in the endocrinology and neuroendocrinology fields. Endocrine Disruptors, Brain, and Behavior focuses on if and how these chemicals, known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), affect the development and function of the brain and might be contributing to neural disorders rapidly rising in prevalence. The book provides an overall synthesis of the EDC field, including its historical roots, major hypotheses, key findings, and research gaps. The authors explain why even the concept of endocrine disruption is controversial in some circles, how differing definitions of endocrine disruption and what constitutes an "adverse" outcome on the brain shape public policy, and where the current capacity by different stakeholders (industry, academia, regulatory agencies) to evaluate chemicals for safety in a regulatory context begins and ends. The book concludes with suggestions for future research needs and a summary of emerging technology which might prove capable of more effectively evaluating existing and emerging chemicals for endocrine disrupting properties. As such, it provides the context for interdisciplinary and innovative input from a broad spectrum of fields, including those well-schooled in neuroscience, evolutionary biology, brain, behavior, sex differences, and neuroendocrinology.

Exposure to certain types of mycotoxins, the bioactive secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, significantly impact the animal industry as well as human health. The contamination of food with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem in animal production and direct consequences are the reducing of food intake and production. In this book, the authors increase the public awareness of the implications of certain types of mycotoxins exposure to promote the health of livestock as well as the general public; an analysis of trichothecens (TCEs), a large group of mycotoxins, and their impact on lifestock health and production are also examined, as well as the occurrence of mycotoxins in animal products such as goat milk. Different strategies implemented for the analysis of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are provided by the authors. In the next few chapters, the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products and in particular, their toxic properties are looked at; a discussion on deoxynivalenol (DON) and related 8-ketotrichothecene mycotoxins, which are extensively distributed in cereal-based foods and feed stuffs worldwide are reviewed; potential toxigenic fungi from diverse habitats are identified with special emphasis on the methods as well as on the genetic markers employed; the importance of performing exposure assessments to Aflatoxin B and some of the most important aspects to consider in the risk assessment process, including the simultaneous presence of other mycotoxins and the challenge of choosing the most suitable method to perform exposure assessment are analyzed; and finally, a review of the occurrence of dietary mycotoxins in Africa as well as the advances in analytical methods of mycotoxin extraction and detection over the last decade is provided.

This book offers readers an overview of the field of toxicology while incorporating historical context with present day advances. The chapters, written in a style that facilitates the reader's connection of past developments with the present state-of-the-art practices in specific fields of toxicology, provide a detailed coverage of diverse areas in toxicology. The areas of chapters chosen for detailed discussion are characteristic of the overall field and helps to reinforce the basic principles of toxicology. As such, this book will be a valuable resource not only for those scientists in the field of toxicology, but also for those in related fields (e.g., pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, immunology and others). Additionally, this book will be a valuable resource for teaching graduate students in not only toxicology, but also in the related fields above. While this book is not primarily intended as an introductory text for undergraduate students' first exposure to the field of toxicology, it would serve very useful as a text for an advanced undergraduate level biology or chemistry course. The chapters are filled with appropriate tables and figures which help illustrate and reinforce the information in each chapter. The referencing of material cited is carefully prepared and provides links to additional information that will aid the reader in understanding and appreciating the information within the text. The reader will find this book to be of significant depth and breadth so as to meet the needs of many groups of students and established scientists.

Adverse drug reactions commonly affect the skin. In rare instances, they cause severe morbidity and possibly lead to drug-induced mortality. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represents the archetype of such conditions. This book summarises the recent advances in the field of TEN as a major life-threatening adverse drug reaction. Indeed, this dramatic condition remains a puzzling topic for both the clinician at the bedside and in the laboratory. This book is fully updated about the putative biomechanisms, the clinico-pathological correlations and recent treatment advances. The most damaging effects of TEN reside in the skin, eyes and oral mucosa. Physicians keen in intensive care medicine, dermatology and ophthalmology should find here stimulating concepts applicable to the patient with the hope of reducing the TEN fatalities.

Our bodies are constantly exposed to numerous potentially toxic chemicals from pesticides and additives in our food and drink, as well as environmental contaminants from cars, cosmetics and furnishings. These chemicals accumulate in the body to form the "Body Burden," a chemical "Cocktail" with unknown health consequences.

This book identifies the sources of the main toxic chemicals taken into our bodies and advises women planning a pregnancy, pregnant, or with young children, how to reduce levels of these harmful substances.

All parents should read this book because babies and children are potentially more vulnerable than adults to toxic chemicals.

Toxicology Because what you don't know can kill you is about everyday people and their encounters with the clinical laboratory. This collection of stories is a behind-the-scenes look at the intricate workings of a toxicology lab. Many of these cases ended with legal consequences. All stories are based on my involvement with real cases as a toxicologist. Because of patient privacy laws, the names and places have been changed. We all wish we had more power. The power to turn back time, to re-write history and make better decisions, but most importantly, the power to save a life. However, the dream of being someone's hero or even saving yourself from certain death or misfortune is a plight that no average person can seemingly muster. Without super strength or extrasensory perceptions, it may appear that we are on our own to battle uncertain destiny. But what if I were to tell you there's more? There's a way to change your fate, to hold more cards, and take not only your own life, but the lives of those you love into your hands. No, we cannot go back in time, but we can set forth ripples of change into the future that can alter our coexistence forever. Toxicology and clinical laboratory testing may be one of those portals.

"Computational Toxicology: Methods and Applications for Risk Assessment" is an essential reference on the translation of computational toxicology data into information that can be used for more informed risk assessment decision-making. This book is authored by leading international investigators who have real-world experience in relating computational toxicology methods to risk assessment. Key topics of interest include QSAR modeling, chemical mixtures, applications to metabolomic and metabonomic data sets, toxicogenomic analyses, applications to REACH informational strategies and much more. The examples provided in this book are based on cutting-edge technologies and set out to stimulate the further development of this promising field to offer rapid, better and more cost-effective answers to major public health concerns.
Authored by leading international researchers engaged in cutting-edge applications of computational methods for translating complex toxicological data sets into useful risk assessment informationIncorporates real-world examples of how computational toxicological methods have been applied to advance the science of risk assessment Provides the framework necessary for new technologies and fosters common vocabularies and principles upon which the effects of new chemical entities should be compared

This volume covers a selection of important research in the multifaceted field of food toxicology. With more than seven billion people in the world today and counting, advances in food toxicology have a direct bearing on food safety issues that are of concern to all humanity for the foreseeable future. Massive globalization, industrialization, and commercialization have affected every aspect of food production, the food supply chain, and food consumption. This informative volume offers the global perspectives of scientists in important areas related to biomarkers and nanosensors in food toxicology, toxicology of nanomaterials, chemicals in sanitation and packaging, additives, mycotoxins, endocrine disruptors, radionuclides, toxic metals, and waste-burning residues in food. The book also emphasizes regulatory toxicology and includes an interesting example case study. The challenge of sustainable and safe food for everyone needs a multidisciplinary and multi-sectorial approach from related industries and governments alike. Food chemical safety is an underappreciated aspect of consumer safety, and this volume seeks to help fill that gap by providing informative research for food scientists and researchers and many others.