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Books > Medicine > Other branches of medicine > Pharmacology > Medical toxicology
Continuing a long tradition, Lu's Basic Toxicology, Seventh Edition, combines relatively comprehensive coverage of toxic substances in food, air, and water with brevity, thereby continuing to serve as an updated introductory text for toxicology students and for those involved in allied sciences that require a background in toxicology. The new edition, which now becomes an edited work with contributions from experts around the globe, features four new chapters and a number of existing chapters that have been updated and expanded, notably those on mechanisms of toxic effects, conventional toxicity studies, the cardiovascular system, and risk assessment and regulatory toxicology. The book consists of four parts (Part I-Part IV) that provide guidance on principles of toxicology and testing procedures for toxicities as well as a concise, yet detailed, mechanism of both target organ and nontarget organ toxicities. The book is rounded off with a final section (Part IV) on the toxic effects of chemicals and risk assessment, giving toxicologists, both students and practicing professionals, the necessary tools to enhance their practice. This edition includes new chapters on Clinical Toxicology, Systems Toxicology, Chemicals and Children, and Toxicology of Reproductive Systems, providing the essentials of these topics in the same style as the other chapters in the book. With separate subject and chemical indexes, this is a useful, quick shelf reference for everyone working in toxicology today.
The "Side Effects of Drugs Annual" was first published in 1977.
It has been continually published since then, as a yearly update to
the voluminous encyclopedia "Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs." Each
new Annual continues to provide clinicians and medical
investigators with a reliable and critical yearly survey of new
data and trends in the area of adverse drug reactions and
interactions. An international team of specialists has contributed
to the informative Annual by critically interpreting it and by
pointing to whatever is misleading. *Provides a critical yearly survey of new data and trends *Special reviews in this Annual include, among other topics: Epidemiology of the use of ecstasy, Paracetamol and the risk of asthma, Combination vaccines/multiple immunizations, Interactions of herbal medicines with warfarin, and Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Detection of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Oral Fluid presents the analytical chemistry methods used for the detection and quantification of drugs and their metabolites in human oral fluid. The authors summarize the state of the science, including its strengths, weaknesses, unmet methodological needs, and cutting-edge trends. This volume covers the salient aspects of oral fluid drug testing, including specimen collection and handling, initial testing, point of collection testing (POCT), specimen validity testing (SVT), and confirmatory and proficiency testing. Analytes discussed include amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, phencyclidine, cannabimimetics, and miscellaneous drugs. This practical guide helps users turn knowledge into practice, moving logically from an outline of the problem, to the evaluation of the appropriateness of oral fluid as a test medium, and finally to a consideration of detection methods and their validation and employment.
Electronic Waste: Toxicology and Public Health Issues discusses the major public health concerns due to the presence of toxic chemicals that are generated from improper recycling and disposal practices of electronic waste (e-waste). This book highlights hazardous inorganic chemicals found in e-waste, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, gallium, iridium, and nanomaterials, also focusing on health issues related to the presence of BPA, styrene, and other plastic components and combustion products, while also identifying populations at special risk. To provide readers with potential solutions to this global problem, Dr. Fowler presents risk assessment approaches using chemicals, mixtures, biomarkers, susceptibility factors, and computational toxicology. He discusses how to translate the information gathered through risk assessment into safe and effective international policies. The final chapter is devoted to future research directions. This is a timely and useful resource for all those concerned with the health issues surrounding e-waste management and proper disposal, including toxicologists, public health and policy officials, environmental scientists, and risk assessors.
Examines effects of the environmental distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes on human health and the ecosystem Resistance genes are everywhere in nature--in pathogens, commensals, and environmental microorganisms. This contributed work shows how the environment plays a pivotal role in the development of antimicrobial resistance traits in bacteria and the distribution of resistant microbial species, resistant genetic material, and antibiotic compounds. Readers will discover the impact of the distribution in the environment of antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotics on both the ecosystem and human and animal health. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment is divided into four parts: Part I, Sources, including ecological and clinical consequences of antibiotic resistance by environmental microbes Part II, Fate, including strategies to assess and minimize the biological risk of antibiotic resistance in the environment Part III, Antimicrobial Substances and Resistance, including antibiotics in the aquatic environment Part IV, Effects and Risks, including the effect of antimicrobials used for non-human purposes on human health Recognizing the intricate links among overlapping complex systems, this book examines antimicrobial resistance using a comprehensive ecosystem approach. Moreover, the book's multidisciplinary framework applies principles of microbiology, environmental toxicology, and chemistry to assess the human and ecological risks associated with exposure to antibiotics or antibiotic resistance genes that are environmental contaminants. Each chapter has been written by one or more leading researchers in such fields as microbiology, environmental science, ecology, and toxicology. Comprehensive reference lists at the end of all chapters serve as a gateway to the primary research in the field. Presenting and analyzing the latest findings in a field of growing importance to human and environmental health, this text offers readers new insights into the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance development, the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant genetic elements, and the transport of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics.
Functional genomics has come of age. No longer is it an adventure
for the avant garde scientist, but it has become an increasingly
standardized mainstream tool accessible to any modern biological
laboratory. Toxicogenomics studies are now generating an avalanche
of data that, with the aid of established informatics methodology,
is being translated into biologically meaningful information.
Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation brings together current opinion and research activities from Japan, the US, and Europe on the subject of genotoxic thresholds. In regulation, it is an adage that genotoxic carcinogens have no thresholds for action, and that they impose cancer risk on humans even at very low levels. This policy is frequently called into question as humans possess a number of defense mechanisms including detoxication, DNA repair, and apoptosis, meaning there is a threshold at which these genotoxic carcinogens take action. The book examines these potential thresholds, describing the potential cancer risks of daily low-level exposure, the mechanisms involved (such as DNA repair, detoxication, translesion DNA synthesis), chemical and statistical methods of analysis, and the ways in which these may be utilized to inform policy. Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation is an essential reference for any professional researchers in genetic toxicology and those involved in toxicological regulation.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of how use of micro- and nanotechnology (MNT) has allowed major new advance in vaccine development research, and the challenges that immunologists face in making further progress. MNT allows the creation of particles that exploit the inherent ability of the human immune system to recognize small particles such as viruses and toxins. In combination with minimal protective epitope design, this permits the creation of immunogenic particles that stimulate a response against the targeted pathogen. The finely tuned response of the human immune system to small particles makes it unsurprising that many of the lead adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems currently under investigation are based on nanoparticles.
Organophosphate compounds, first synthesized in the 1800s, have been used for insecticides, pesticides, and in war and terrorism, such as the 1995 Tokyo subway poisoning. This book provides an in-depth examination of the effects of organophosphates and nerve agents and offers therapeutic and prophylactic countermeasures. Beginning with an overview of milestones in the use of toxic chemicals and chemical warfare agents, the formulae and toxicities of compounds are given, along with tables outlining animal toxicities. Data on various compounds' inhibitions and subsequent accumulations are also provided. Along with data on organophosphates and nerve agents, possible first aid and medical responses are compared among potential responses in the United States and other countries in the east and west. Using clear schematics and tables, this book provides a detailed account of the most common organophosphates and nerve agents, ideas of how to countermeasure their effects, and offers detailed suggestions for where research needs to proceed in the future. This book will prove useful to students, researchers, and military personnel needing to know more about how to deal with nerve agents.
This sixth volume in this established series deals with the
biochemical responses of fish to different environmental/ecological
factors. Environmental Toxicology captures vital issues affecting
the responses of fish to the chemical surroundings of their
environment. Chapters included in this volume identify the systems
found in fish to deal with xenobiotics, hormonal interactions
initiated in the presence of these chemicals, the unique mechanisms
used by fish to adjust to the present chemicals, and the new and
evolving mixtures of chemicals in their environment. Also included,
is a crucial review of the new methods being applied in fish
systems to understand the effects of xenobiotics to fish fitness -
a key theme in environmental health and critical to the future of
fish populations.
Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat should be of interest to toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and other biological scientists who are interested in the histomorphology of juvenile rats. For several decades the laboratory rat has been used extensively in nonclinical toxicology studies designed to detect potential human toxicity of drugs, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, and environmental hazards. These studies traditionally have involved young adult rats that are 8-10 weeks of age as studies are started. It is becoming increasingly apparent that children and young animals may have different responses to drug/chemical exposures, therefore, regulatory agencies are emphasizing toxicology studies in juvenile animals. While the histologic features of organs from young adult and aged laboratory rats are well known, less is known about the histologic features of organs from juvenile rats. Final histologic maturity of many organs is achieved postnatally, thus immature histologic features must be distinguished from chemical- or drug-related effects. While this postnatal organ development is known to exist as a general concept, detailed information regarding postnatal histologic development is not readily available. The Atlas includes organs that are typically sampled in nonclinical toxicology studies and presents the histologic features at weekly intervals, starting at birth and extending through postnatal day 42.
Engineered Nanoparticles: Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity is an indispensable introduction to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Although research in the area of pharmacology and toxicology of ENM is rapidly advancing, a possible correlation between their physicochemical properties and biomedical properties or toxicity is not yet fully understood. This understanding is essential to develop strategies for the safe applications and handling of ENM. The book comprehensively defines the current understanding of ENM toxicity, first describing these materials and their physicochemical properties, and then discussing the toxicological theory and methodology before finally demonstrating the potential impact of ENM on the environment and human health. It represents an essential reference for students and investigators in toxicology, pharmacology, chemistry, material sciences, medicine, and those in related disciplines who require an introduction to ENM and their potential toxicological effects.
Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology is an essential reference for toxicologists working with, and researching, hair analysis. The text presents a review of the most up-to-date analytical methods in toxicological hair analysis, along with state-of-the-art developments in the areas of hair physiology, sampling, and pre-treatments, as well as discussions of fundamental issues, applications, and results interpretation. Topics addressed include the diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol drinking by means of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), the early detection of new psychoactive substances, including designer drugs, the development of novel approaches to screening tests based on mass spectrometry, and the detection of prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances from the analysis of newborn hair.
This book summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the selective cell death of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease. MPTP, endogenous neurotoxins, L-DOPA, and metal were proved to induce apoptosis and necrosis in neurons. The relationship of these causal factors to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease was discussed to give us overviews on the role of neurotoxins in this degenerative disorder. This title further presents the intracellular signal transduction, and the related enzymes and other factors involved in dopaminergic neuronal death. Recent results on intracellular mechanism of neuroprotection are presented, suggesting that neuroprotection as a causal therapy of neurodegenerative disorders may become practical in near future. This book shows new neuroprotective agents, such as propargylamine derivatives and neurotrophins, and the intracellular mechanism to prevent the activation of apoptotic cascade in neurons. The authors of this book are active researchers participating in these subjects and the readers will find the knowledge and techniques for the study on neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the strategy for future research on these important subjects in clinical and basic neurology and neurosciences.
In this volume the editors have reviewed the most recent major advances in our understanding of toxins from venomous animals and microbes and their targets in mammals, insects and other animals. To approach these challenging aspects, the authors have posed crystal-clear questions based on the most precise acquired knowledge.
Dictionary of Toxicology, Third Edition presents a compendium of definitions of all current toxicological terminology. This authoritative reference illustrates and describes words, concepts, acronyms and symbols for both the toxicological theory and applied risk assessment, as well as providing guidance on the correct selection of problematic, similar and frequently-misused terms. Written by one of the world's foremost experts in toxicology, and with each entry peer reviewed, Dictionary of Toxicology, Third Edition is an essential reference for all scientific, medical and legal professionals who work with or encounter the toxicological effects of contaminants on biological systems. New to this edition: an update on every entry and the inclusion of all terminology and concepts relating to molecular toxicology, nanotoxicology and computational toxicology.
The Endocannabinoidome: The World of Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators is dedicated to the latest research and studies on endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors to illustrate their important role in the discovery of new, endocannabinoid-related, lipid mediators. Written by leading experts across different disciplines, this book focuses on the biochemical and anlayticial aspects of novel lipid signals, their pharmacological activities and their potential utilization for the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies. The first book of its kind, The Endocannabinoidome is a meaningful reference for all those involved in experimental efforts to further the development of this field.
Volume 4 of "Advances in Medicinal Chemistry" is comprised of six
chapters on a wide range of topics in medicinal chemistry,
including molecular modeling, structure-based drug design, organic
synthesis, peptide conformational analysis, biological assessment,
structure-activity correlation, and lead optimization. Chapter 1
presents an account about amino acid-based peptide mimetics
corresponding to b-turn, loop, helical motifs in proteins as a
probe of ligand-receptor and ligand-enzyme molecular interactions.
Chapter 2 addresses new facets of the medicinal chemistry of the
important anticancer drug Taxol(r) (paclitaxel). Chapter 3 relates
an account of the search for new drugs for the treatment of malaria
based on the natural product artemisinin. Chapter 4 applies
computational chemistry to the evaluation of compound libraries for
biological testing. Chapter 5 describes the construction of a
3-dimensional molecular model of the human thrombin receptor, the
first protease-activated G-protein coupled receptor (PAR-1), as a
means to explore the intermolecular contacts involved in agonist
peptide recognition. Finally, Chapter 6 describes the research
conducted at Merck on inhibitors of farnesyl transferase as a
potential treatment for human cancers.
Dieses Buch vereint in einzigartiger Zusammenstellung die
humanmedizinisch und veterinarmedizinisch wichtigen Giftpflanzen,
die uns in Haus und Natur umgeben.
"In Vitro" Methods in Pharmaceutical Research provides a
comprehensive guide to laboratory techniques for evaluating "in
vitro" organ toxicity using cellular models. Step-by-step practical
tips on how to perform and interpret assays for drug metabolism and
toxicity assessment are provided, along with a comparison of
different techniques available. It is a welcome addition to the
literature at a time when interest is growing in cellular "in
vitro" models for toxicology and pharmacology studies.
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