This proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting held in Leipzig, September 12 - 14, 1990 deals with the following topics; - Neurotoxicology of different noxious compounds, - New aspects and methods intoxicopathology, - Cardiovascular toxicology, - Toxic effects on haemostasis, - Toxic effects on liver and kidney, - Miscellaneous toxic effects.

The essays in this book discuss the role that chemical agents in the environment play in the development of cancer. Thus, it gives information toimprove our understanding of carcinogenesis and how to prevent it. The essays were originally presented at an international symposium.

This book contains selected papers from a workshop on modern statistical methods in toxicology held during the EUROTOX '90 conference in Leipzig. The papers deal with the biostatistical evaluation of the commonly used toxicological assays, i.e. mutagenicity, long-term carcinogenicity, embryotoxicity and chronic toxicity assays. The biological background is considered in detail, and most of the related statistical approaches described. In five overview papers, the present state of the art of the related topics is given, while in several contributed papers new approaches are discussed. The most important features are: - A new view on the per-litter analysis problem in em- bryotoxicity assays. - A highly sophisticated treatment of the so-called muta-tox problem in mutagenicity assays. - A detailed discussion of the multiplicity problem based on the closed testing procedure. This volume provides readers with an overview of modern biostatistical methods for several toxicological assays and is in part intended for direct, practical use.

Xenobiotics are chemical compounds foreign to a given biological system. In animals and humans, xenobiotics include drugs, drug metabolites, and environmental pollutants. In the environment, xenobiotics include synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and industrial pollutants. Many techniques are used in xenobiotics residue analysis; the method selected depends on the complexity of the sample, the nature of the matrix/analytes, and the analytical techniques available. This reference will help the analyst develop effective and validated analytical strategies for the analysis of hundreds of different xenobiotics on hundreds of different sample types, quickly, accurately and at acceptable cost.

This supplement presents the papers submitted at the 27th meeting of the European Society of Toxicology, which was organised by the British Toxicology Society and held in Harrogate, England. As evident from the title of this book, the overall theme of the meeting was an exploration of some of the mechanisms of toxicity, as well as some models used in the investigation of toxic action. The topics dealt with can be grouped under four headings. The first of these, on the mechanisms involved in cell injury, was a joint symposium of the European Society of Toxicology and the Society of Toxicology of the United States of America. In the second group, mechanisms in carcinogen risk assessment were discussed. Mechanisms and models of teratogenesis was the subject of the third group of invited papers. Finally, a workshop on safety evaluation of biotechnological products dealt with present and future problems which this new area of technology poses for toxicologists. Short communications on recent studies and developments in toxicological techniques which were presented at the meeting are also included in this volume.

Contents:
1. Introduction and Historical Perspectives Eugene J. Olajos and Woodhall Stopford 2. Application and Use of Riot Control Agents Jeanne M. Ditter and Charles S. Heal 3. Synthesis and Chemical Analysis of Riot Control Agents Sidney A. Katz and Harry Salem 4. Biochemistry, Biological Interactions, and Pharmacokinetics of Riot-Control Agents Eugene J. Olajos 5. Riot Control Agents and Acute Sensory Irritation Eugene J. Olajos and Woodhall Stopford 6. Pharmacology/Toxicology of CS, CR, CN, Formulations, Degradation Products, Carriers/Solvents, and Propellants Eugene J. Olajos and Joan M. Antonio upLakoski 7. Pharmacology and Toxicology of Oleoresin Capsicum, Capsaicin, and Capsaicinoids Eugene J. Olajos and Joan M. Lakoski 8.
Chronic Toxicity of Riot Control Agents Woodhall Stopford 9. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology of Riot Control Agents Russell F. Mankes and Kristina M. Mankes 10. Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Riot Control Agents Joyce M. Durnford 11. Human Exposures to Riot Control Agents Woodhall Stopford and Frederick R. Sidell 12. Forensic Toxicology and Riot Control Agents Bryan Ballantyne and Harry Salem 13. An Approach for Assessing and Characterizing Risk from the Use of Riot Control Agents Jacqueline Patterson, Bert Hakkinen, Patricia Nance, Michael Dourson, and B. Jon Klauenberg 14. Occupational Exposures to Riot Control Agents
Woodhall Stopford 15. Riot Control Agents: Risk Management and Public Health Considerations Veronique D. Hauschild 16. Riot Control Agents: Environmental Issues Larry E. Erickson, Athertina N. Steinau, Terrie Boguski, and Frederick Oehme 17. Genomics, Proteomics and Computational Toxicology as Future Tools in Assessing the Health Hazards of Riot Control Agents Akbar S. Khan and Harry Salem 18. Riot Control Agents: Issues/Concerns, Needs, Emerging Concepts/Trends and AdvancesTechnological Advances Woodhall Stopford and Eugene J. Olajos Appendix A Definitions and Terminology Appendix B Medical Treatment/Management
Appendix C Table of RCA Formulations

The Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) has implemented a new 2021 curriculum, with a new Single Best Answer (SBA) paper for the fellowship examination. Featuring 200 Single Best Answer questions and answers, this text is the first on the market to help prepare for this new examination. Mapped to the curriculum, this book covers core areas such as cardiology, environmental emergencies, mental health, toxicology, trauma, resuscitation and quality improvement. All of the answers are fully referenced to up-to-date guidelines and research, to allow for further reading. This is an essential text for postgraduate doctors in Emergency Medicine studying for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (FRCEM) SBA examination.

In the last decade, the incidence of acute poisoning in the developed world has risen considerably, so that hospital admissions from this cause now repre sent a significant part of the work load of most medical units. The purpose of this book is to provide an up-to-date account of the diag nosis and treatment of all the clinically important poisons. Throughout the text the aim has been to emphasize the mechanisms of toxicity - wherever they are known - so that a rational approach to therapy may be devised. In addition, substantial chapters have been devoted to the psychiatric assess ment of self-poisoned patients and to the role of the laboratory. Two styles of presentation have been adopted. Certain topics are discussed in depth either because of their clinical importance or because recent data have become available concerning pathophysiology or treatment. In contrast, when subjects have been well described previously in general medical texts, for example, carbon monoxide poisoning, the discussion is far more brief and to the point. A similar style has been adopted with recently introduced drugs, where little is known about the effects in overdose. The value of cer tain chapters, especially those on poisonous plants and snake bites, has been enhanced by the inclusion of a large number of colour photographs."

When every moment counts, count on Poisoning & Drug Overdose Speed is crucial when dealing with toxicologic and drug-related emergencies. Finding answers quickly is easier than ever with this streamlined eighth edition of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. This instant-answer guide provides the critical information needed to diagnose and manage drug-related emergencies and chemical exposures. Updated with newly released drugs and new information on existing drugs, the guide covers initial emergency management, including treatment of coma, seizures and hypotension; physical and laboratory diagnosis; and methods of decontamination and enhanced elimination of poisons. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Eighth Edition is divided into four sections: Section I. Provides a stepwise approach to the evaluation and treatment of coma, seizures, shock, and other complications of poisoning and the proper use of gastric decontamination and dialysis procedures. Section II. Lists specific poisons and drugs, as well as the pathophysiology, toxic dose and level, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and specific treatment associated with each substance. Section III. Covers descriptions of therapeutic drugs and antidotes, including pharmacology indications, adverse effects, drug interactions, and recommended dosage. Section IV. Describes the approach to hazardous materials incidents; the evaluation of occupational exposures; and the toxic effects, physical properties, and workplace limits for over 500 common industrial chemicals. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Eighth Edition is enhanced by numerous tables and charts, as well as a user-friendly index. This trusted resource has consistently been relied upon by front line professionals responding to drug-related emergencies and chemical exposures.

Das Fachlexikon Toxikologie gibt den auf dem Gebiet des Umweltschutzes, der Arbeitshygiene und Toxikologie tatigen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern ebenso ein Hilfsmittel in die Hand wie den mit dem Transport gefahrlicher Guter oder den mit der schadlosen Beseitigung toxischer Abprodukte Beschaftigten. Daneben wendet sich das Fachlexikon auch an die Mitarbeiter von Feuerwehr, Polizei, Rettungsdiensten, Zoll und anderen Kontrollbehorden sowie an Lehrende und Studierende naturwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen, die nach einem kompakten und zugleich kompetenten Ratgeber suchen."

Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, recognized by many as the most authoritative single source of information in the field of toxicologic pathology, has been extensively updated to continue its comprehensive and timely coverage. The fourth edition has been expanded to four separate volumes due to an explosion of information in this field requiring new and updated chapters. Completely revised with a number of new chapters, Volume 1, "Principles and the Practice of Toxicologic Pathology," covers the practice of toxicologic pathology in three parts: Principles of Toxicologic Pathology, Methods in Toxicologic Pathology, and the Practice of Toxicologic Pathology. Other volumes in this work round out the depth and breadth of coverage.Volume 2 encompasses "Toxicologic Pathology in Safety Assessment" and "Environmental Toxicologic Pathology". These two sections cover the application of toxicologic pathology in developing specific product classes, principles of data interpretation for safety assessment, and toxicologic pathology of major classes of environmental toxicants. Volumes 3 and 4 provide deep and broad treatment of "Target Organ Toxicity", emphasizing the comparative and correlative aspects of normal biology and toxicant-induced dysfunction, principal methods for toxicologic pathology evaluation, and major mechanisms of toxicity. These volumes comprise the most authoritative reference on toxicologic pathology for pathologists, toxicologists, research scientists, and regulators studying and making decisions on drugs, biologics, medical devices, and other chemicals, including agrochemicals and environmental contaminants. Each volume is being published separately.

Catastrophic events such as the Bhopal, India tragedy and rising incidences of cancer in areas neighboring industrial facilities have heightened concern over the use of toxic chemicals in manufacturing and industry, particularly with respect to long-term exposure. While legislation and publicity have reduced the use of some chemicals, risks remain that continue to threaten the health of individuals worldwide. Based on the authors' research conducted through their development of a program in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Toxic Chemicals: Risk Prevention Through Use Reduction examines various toxicity factors and proposes a plan to reduce the toxic impact of these hazardous substances. Explores all factors that contribute to toxicity The book begins by exploring the history of toxic chemical release reporting programs, a trend growing out of the Bhopal tragedy. It surveys their impact both in the United States through the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program and in the 29 other countries that maintain similar programs. Then, with the goal of developing a rational method of prioritizing toxic chemicals for reduction, the authors discuss mobility, persistence, and bioconcentration adjustment factors and present a method for integrating all of these factors to estimate the relative impact of chemical release. Compares alternate emphases in existing programs The book describes programs that concentrate on reducing the release of chemicals with the greatest adverse toxic impact and those that require companies to prepare pollution prevention plans and set goals for reducing use or release. It also examines technical assistance programs that help companies search for alternative chemicals to use or process changes that eliminate the use of toxic chemicals. In addition, it explores alternative market-based approaches for achieving environmental protection. Presents a workable plan for the future In the final chapters, the authors lay out their proposed program for reducing the use of toxic chemicals. This plan builds on the existing TRI program and uses lessons learned from this and other programs. The combined research assembled by the authors and their multifaceted approach to the issue of chemical toxicity enables companies and policy makers to move to the next level of toxic chemical use reduction, resulting in a safer environment for future generations.

Toxicology Cases for the Clinical and Forensic Laboratory brings together carefully selected case studies to teach important principles relating to drug and toxin exposures. Each case study includes contemporary clinical and forensic toxicologist studies that include a comprehensive analytical and clinical approach to patient management and address overdoses from designer drugs, to NSAIDS, to opioids, to stimulants. These cases present a comprehensive, analytical and clinical approach to managing a drug overdose. This is a must-have reference for clinical and forensic laboratory scientists, along with toxicology and pathology residents who need to know aspects of both.

Treating nuclear, biological, and chemical agent exposures presents a unique set of challenges. These scenarios usually involve multiple exposures, sometimes even mass exposures, from a single, often poorly-defined, event. Early symptoms are not distinct and can often be variable. Laboratory analyses may be required from environmental, often nonbiological, specimens. Scene evaluation and pre-hospital decontamination may turn out to be the most important intervention. Hospital resource utilization must be a consideration. Even the pathologist performing autopsies needs adequate preparation. It is with these considerations in mind that the Handbook of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Agent Exposures was created. Taking a concise yet comprehensive, clinical approach to the treatment of these exposures, the authors provide concise information on radiation substances, biological agents, chemical toxins, laboratory tests, and antidotes. The book includes essays on topics such as Field Identification and Decontamination of Toxins, Bioterrorism and the Skin, and Mass Exposures Involving the Pediatric Population. A quick review of the contents will tell you that this book contains the tools you need when facing the formidable tasks of diagnosing and treating nuclear, biological, and chemical agent exposures.

Emphasizing the impact of air toxins and contaminants on human health, this Second Edition examines the latest research from the epidemiology to the cellular mechanisms underlying cardiopulmonary responses to air pollution. This guide offers chapters that address the basic biology, techniques, and clinical practices used to monitor and assess acute and chronic pollutant responses; the effects of specific air toxins and contaminants on various populations chronically exposed to these compounds; and the complex issues associated with translating science to public health policy.

This second volume of Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity follows on directly from the successes of the first volume published last year. This series disseminates important data pertaining to food and nutrition safety and toxicology that is relevant to humans. Chapters in this series extend from the introduction of toxins in the manufacture or production of artificial food substances, to the ingestion of microbial contaminants or toxins and the cellular or physiological changes that arise. The present volume has a broad range chapters reviewing contaminants in beer, the effects of alcohol on the intestine, ciguatera fish poisoning, hepatitis A, beta-nitropropionic acid, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, bacterial toxins, pesticide toxicity, polyhalogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a survey of contamination episodes. Each chapter is written by experts with supportive tables and figures. These concise and informative articles should stimulate a scientific dialogue. Food production processes and nutritional or dietary habits are continually changing and it is important to learn from past lessons and embrace a multidisciplinary approach. For example, some cellular mechanisms elucidated by studying one toxin may also be relevant to other areas of food pathology. Therefore it is the intention of the Editors to impart such comprehensive information in a single series, namely Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity.

This volume describes some of the new research published since volume 1 of the series, Plant and fungal toxins, was published in 1983. A few chapters update topics previously treated, but most describe in depth the toxicologic and chemical aspects of other topics. Thus volumes 1 and 6 together prov

Exposure to certain types of mycotoxins, the bioactive secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, significantly impact the animal industry as well as human health. The contamination of food with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem in animal production and direct consequences are the reducing of food intake and production. In this book, the authors increase the public awareness of the implications of certain types of mycotoxins exposure to promote the health of livestock as well as the general public; an analysis of trichothecens (TCEs), a large group of mycotoxins, and their impact on lifestock health and production are also examined, as well as the occurrence of mycotoxins in animal products such as goat milk. Different strategies implemented for the analysis of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are provided by the authors. In the next few chapters, the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products and in particular, their toxic properties are looked at; a discussion on deoxynivalenol (DON) and related 8-ketotrichothecene mycotoxins, which are extensively distributed in cereal-based foods and feed stuffs worldwide are reviewed; potential toxigenic fungi from diverse habitats are identified with special emphasis on the methods as well as on the genetic markers employed; the importance of performing exposure assessments to Aflatoxin B and some of the most important aspects to consider in the risk assessment process, including the simultaneous presence of other mycotoxins and the challenge of choosing the most suitable method to perform exposure assessment are analyzed; and finally, a review of the occurrence of dietary mycotoxins in Africa as well as the advances in analytical methods of mycotoxin extraction and detection over the last decade is provided.

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite of certain fungi that may be present in food and feed. Consumption of contaminated food or feed may be harmful for humans and animals. This book aims at giving an overview of several aspects of OTA and the public and economic benefits of reducing OTA contamination in food. Other chapters focus on the use of plant extracts, essential oils and substances isolated from them for the control of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin production and its carcinogenic effects on animals.

This book offers readers an overview of the field of toxicology while incorporating historical context with present day advances. The chapters, written in a style that facilitates the reader's connection of past developments with the present state-of-the-art practices in specific fields of toxicology, provide a detailed coverage of diverse areas in toxicology. The areas of chapters chosen for detailed discussion are characteristic of the overall field and helps to reinforce the basic principles of toxicology. As such, this book will be a valuable resource not only for those scientists in the field of toxicology, but also for those in related fields (e.g., pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, immunology and others). Additionally, this book will be a valuable resource for teaching graduate students in not only toxicology, but also in the related fields above. While this book is not primarily intended as an introductory text for undergraduate students' first exposure to the field of toxicology, it would serve very useful as a text for an advanced undergraduate level biology or chemistry course. The chapters are filled with appropriate tables and figures which help illustrate and reinforce the information in each chapter. The referencing of material cited is carefully prepared and provides links to additional information that will aid the reader in understanding and appreciating the information within the text. The reader will find this book to be of significant depth and breadth so as to meet the needs of many groups of students and established scientists.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly reactive compound with a toxic effect on all organisms due to non-specific interactions with proteins and nucleic acids. This substance is a hazardous air pollutant, and prolonged exposure to FA may cause serious health effects. This book discusses the synthesis of formaldehyde, its applications and potential health effects.

Adverse drug reactions commonly affect the skin. In rare instances, they cause severe morbidity and possibly lead to drug-induced mortality. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represents the archetype of such conditions. This book summarises the recent advances in the field of TEN as a major life-threatening adverse drug reaction. Indeed, this dramatic condition remains a puzzling topic for both the clinician at the bedside and in the laboratory. This book is fully updated about the putative biomechanisms, the clinico-pathological correlations and recent treatment advances. The most damaging effects of TEN reside in the skin, eyes and oral mucosa. Physicians keen in intensive care medicine, dermatology and ophthalmology should find here stimulating concepts applicable to the patient with the hope of reducing the TEN fatalities.