Food and Nutritional Toxicology provides a broad overview of the chemicals in food that have the potential to produce adverse health effects. The book covers the impact on human health of food containing environmental contaminants or natural toxicants, food additives, the migration of chemicals from packaging materials into foods, and the persistence of feed and food contaminants in food products. Chapters address the adverse effects of nutrient excesses, the impact of contaminants on nutrient utilization, metabolism of food toxicants, and the relationship of the body's biologic defense mechanisms to such toxicants. The book includes discussions on the risk determination process, food safety regulation, and the current status of the regulatory processes. Presenting the general principles of toxicology, this authoritative reference enhances the understanding of foodborne intoxications, infections, and diseases linked to foods. This in-depth study establishes a solid background in the principles and prevention of foodborne disease and the regulation of food safety.

Molecular Toxicology is a concise introduction to the subject, taking the reader through the theoretical principles of toxicology followed by specific examples. In the first section, the concepts behind possible mechanisms of toxicity are described (e.g. the specific enzyme or receptor system) using examples where appropriate. Following this a series of examples are used to show the extension of concept into the real world, in an organ specific manner. The book concludes with a section outlining toxicity assessment methods, where the impact of molecular biology is having a considerable impact, including DNA microarrays, proteomics and bioinformatics. The Advanced Text series is designed for students taking advanced-level courses in life sciences, including final year undergraduates and taught MSc. Titles in this series will also be invaluable to researchers new to the field, and to established researchers as a basic reference.

Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientists present what has been accomplished thus far in developing acceptable alternatives to traditional animal toxicological assessment and provide potentially new initiatives.

In over 40 chapters, the book addresses 7 themes, beginning with the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternatives in the US, the UK, and Western Europe. Then the book covers methods based on the mechanisms of eye irritation at the ocular surface, dermal toxicity testing, and assessing neurotoxicity. It also includes a case study in the use of alternatives to determine the mechanism of sulfur mustard action and discusses the role of transgenics and toxicokinetics in the development of alternative toxicity tests. Finally the book presents recent innovations in alternatives, including the use of archival data, and in silico techniques.

Focusing on the science and not the politics, Alternative Toxicological Methods concisely discusses the application of state-of-the-art methods and explores cutting-edge research related to developing and validating alternatives to animal testing. This book will benefit toxicologists, cosmetic chemists, pharmacologists, experimental biologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and regulatory officers in their quest for applying the 3Rs to the use of animals in toxicological testing of drug candidates, chemicals, and cosmetics.

Since the advent of cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide array technology, and gene chip analysis, genomics has revolutionized the entire field of biomedical research. A byproduct of this revolution, toxicogenomics is a fast-rising star within toxicological analysis.

Gathering together leading authors and scientists at the forefront of the field, An Introduction to Toxicogenomics provides a comprehensive overview of this new discipline. With a focus on toxicology, it introduces the basic principles of microarray/oligonucleotide array-based genomic analysis and explains how it fits into the field of biomedical research. These discussions provide an overview to the actual mechanics of the analyses themselves and offer insights on handling and quality control. Then the book features an important section on the basics of data analysis and clustering methods such as genetic algorithms. Finally, it covers the application of expression profiling in the field of toxicology and addresses the two fundamental types of analysis in detail, with sections dedicated to both mechanistic and predictive studies.

Although toxicogenomics promises fast, efficient techniques and information-rich data, much of its potential remains untapped. An Introduction to Toxicogenomics consolidates the concepts underlying the field to provide a solid foundation from which to begin your research endeavors.

What chemicals are poisonous to the heart and why are they toxic? Find out by reading Principles of Cardiac Toxicology. Certain chemicals can produce toxicity by interacting with elements of the cardiovascular system. This book presents the anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and pathological basis for this interaction and describes the classes of chemicals known to produce cardiovascular toxicity. Characteristics of potential antidotes are also discussed. Clinicians and researchers will discover that this volume is an essential guide to understanding factors that could contribute to cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiologists, emergency room physicians, intensive care nurses, consulting pharmacists, and basic medical scientists will also benefit from this comprehensive work.

With growing interest in the safety of foods, knowledge of food toxicology is gaining more importance every day. Introduction to Toxicology and Food provides a concise overview of both the science of toxicology and food toxicology. It presents easy-to-understand explanations of the concepts and principles of toxicology as a science, the toxicants found in foods, and naturally occurring antitoxic/anticarcinogenic substances in foods. It examines the uses, harmful effects, and safety aspects of a variety of toxicants, including natural toxicants, contaminants, and food additives.

The book begins with a general overview of the concepts and principles of toxicology. It describes its history and branches, toxic doses, stages of toxication, effect mechanisms of toxins, and toxicity tests. Then it covers the substances in our foods that have toxicological significance, such as natural sources of toxicants, contaminants, and food additives. Finally, the book presents information about "chemopreventers" - those foods and food components that have antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic effects.

With its easy-to-read style and its clear discussions of the science of toxicology, food toxicology, and chemopreventers, Introduction to Toxicology and Food is an ideal text for an undergraduate course in food toxicology and a useful guide for food scientists.

This book summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the selective cell death of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease. MPTP, endogenous neurotoxins, L-DOPA, and metal were proved to induce apoptosis and necrosis in neurons. The relationship of these causal factors to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease was discussed to give us overviews on the role of neurotoxins in this degenerative disorder. This title further presents the intracellular signal transduction, and the related enzymes and other factors involved in dopaminergic neuronal death. Recent results on intracellular mechanism of neuroprotection are presented, suggesting that neuroprotection as a causal therapy of neurodegenerative disorders may become practical in near future. This book shows new neuroprotective agents, such as propargylamine derivatives and neurotrophins, and the intracellular mechanism to prevent the activation of apoptotic cascade in neurons. The authors of this book are active researchers participating in these subjects and the readers will find the knowledge and techniques for the study on neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the strategy for future research on these important subjects in clinical and basic neurology and neurosciences.

The book is dedicated to Professor Toshiharu Nagatsu, a pioneer in the search for pathogenic factors in Parkinson's disease. The book is reprinted from the journal 'Neurotoxicology and Teratology', Volume 24/5.

Contents:
What is an expert witness?; so you want to be an expert; the attorney-expert relationship; what do you offer the attorney?; reports - to be or not to be?; how much are they paying you for your testimony?; play acting; can you determine cause? now the deposition; the courtroom, the judge and the jury; the trial comes eventually; nature of the attack on you; the aftermath.

Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 4 includes the most recent reviews of current issues involved in the toxicity of food and nutrients. With contributors from the fields of medicine, public health, and environmental science, the continuation of this series distills a broad range of research on food safety and food technology. Volume Four discusses: The extent to which postnatal metal exposure through breastfeeding can impair an infant's health Selenium bioavailability and metabolism, effects of selenium exposure, and mechanisms of selenium toxicity The fate of toxic and nontoxic arsenic compounds in the human body upon ingestion The biological role of sulfur, sulfur metabolism, deficiencies, and toxicity The effects on fluoride on teeth, bones, kidneys, arteries, hormones, the brain, and the reproductive system Food-borne disease outbreaks, microbial quality and risk assessment of food-borne microorganisms in ready to eat foods Effect of T-2 toxin on DNA and chromosomes, circulatory system, skin, reproductive system, liver and spleen, gastrointestinal tract, brain and neurotransmitters, and more Investigation of the interference of AFB1 with molecular components of cell cycle checkpoints Analyzes cycad consumption and its effects on the neurological systems and its manifestations; describes bio-chemical changes and morphological or pathological outcomes through time in detail Lectins in the human diet, toxicity and biological effects, immunomodulatory effects, modulation of immune function by dietary lectins in disease This is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the food industry or academics researching food science and food technology.

With the growing prospect for germ warfare, environmental and occupational neurotoxicology has come center stage. This is a multidisciplinary science dealing with the study of chemical compounds found in the environment or workplace that have deleterious effects on the nervous system and behavior of humans. The ultimate goal of this science is the understanding of their toxicity with the aim of preventing illness and suffering. Prior to the original publication of this work in 1991, this subject has never been viewed as a distinct body of knowledge; over ten years later it remains the premier text of its field.
An encyclopedic compendium of over thirty years exhaustive research written by an expert in the fields of occupational health, environment, and toxicology, "Foundations of Environmental and Occupational Neurotoxicology" is a pioneering work. Jos A. Valciukas, in building bridges between several academic and medical disciplines, explains how health and human behavior may be adversely affected by neurotoxins. After introducing his study with a history of environmental and occupational neurotoxicology, he discusses, in Chapter 1, "Fundamentals & Techniques"-the components of the nervous system and how a clinical examination is conducted. Chapter 2, "Neurotoxic Chemical Compounds & Drugs," classifies the various neurotoxic substances. In Chapter 3, "Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Occupational Health," the author examines how neurotoxic agents are absorbed and excreted. In Chapter 4, entitled "Methods of Data Analysis," he assesses surveys, data management, and the determination of toxic causation. Chapter 5, "The Targets of Neurotoxicity," contains an examination of the effects of toxins on brain development, the auditory and visual systems, and emotions and moods. Chapter 6, entitled "Counfounders & Current Issues," discusses relevant issues of senile dementia, alcoholism, smoking, and neurotoxic agents of chemical warfare.
"What is unique about this book is that Dr. Valciukas has consolidated this information and discussed the principles and pitfalls governing the assessment of neurotoxicology in the workplace This book is highly recommended to those who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their area of expertise into aspects of environmental and occupational neurotoxicology..."
-"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health"
Jos A. Valciukas is director of the Clinical Psychology Internship Program at the Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center in the Bronx, New York. He is the author of "Forensic Neuropsychology: Conceptual Foundations and Clinical Practice," and is a former managing editor of the journal "Environmental Research."

This practical resource provides toxicolgists and scientists with essential information on the regulations that govern the context and the content of their jobs and products. The book also covers the scientific and historical underpinnings of those regulations. Each chapter provides a grounding in the historical events that led to the development of original legislation and major subsequent changes in legislation. The major administrative divisions for regulatory agencies and their main missions and responsibilities are also detailed, as are the basic filing units or documents the agencies require of individuals to meet goals.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203165594

The second volume in Routledge's new series with the Hagley Center for the History of Business, Technology and Society, Boys and Their Toys places class and work at the core of gender formation. Covering topics from the turn-of-the-century to the present, Boys and Their Toys reveals how masculine roles were and are made.
negotiating the divide between 'respectable manhood' and 'rough manhood', this book explores masculinity at work and at play through provocative essays on labor unions, railroads, vocational training programs, and NASCAR racing.
This groundbreaking collection brings new insight into the complexities of masculinity and its relationship to class and society. It is a fresh and original exploration of gender, business and culture that is sure to appeal to readers of Gail Bederman and Michael Kimmel.

Diversified physicochemical injuries trigger Charnoly body (CB) formation as pleomorphic, electron-dense, multi-lamellar stacks of nonfunctional mitochondrial membranes in the most vulnerable cell. Free radicals induce downregulation of mitochondrial DNA, microRNA, AgNOR, and epigenetics to trigger CB molecular pathogenesis. CB is eliminated by energy (ATP)-driven lysosome-dependent charnolophagy as a basic molecular mechanism of intracellular detoxification to prevent acute and chronic diseases. Accumulation of CB at the junction of axon hillock and charnolosome (CS) at the synapses causes cognitive impairments; whereas, nonspecific induction of CB causes GIT stress, myelosuppression, alopecia, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and infertility in multidrug-resistant malignancies. Hence, stem cell-specific CB, charnolophagy, and CS agonists/antagonists are introduced as novel charnolopharmacotherapeutics for the successful treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, drug addiction, and cancer. Nanoparticles to improve drug delivery, CS exocytosis, and disease-specific spatiotemporal charnolosomics employing correlative and combinatorial bioinformatics boost mitochondrial bioenergetics through balanced diet, exercise, and antioxidants. The book will be of interest to medical scientists and practitioners.

Alcohol Interactions with Drugs and Chemicals is a concise volume that identifies, documents, and assesses the capacity of alcohol to alter the toxicity of chemical pollutants and drugs in animal models and humans. The book systematically assesses interactions according to general chemical classes of inorganic and organic agents. It also presents an integrative discussion of the significance of these findings to public health. Alcohol Interactions with Drugs and Chemicals will be a valuable reference tool for environmental scientists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, and alcohol researchers studying the interactions of alcohol with drugs and chemical pollutants.

Written by experts in the analytical chemistry of tobacco smoke, Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers summarizes the toxicology, metabolic pathway, and biomarkers of nicotine, TSNAs, PAHs, VOCs, AAs, Catechol and Hydroquinone, HCN, CO and NOx, and heavy metals, and the use of this biomarker in exposure assessment and/or cigarette smoke exposure environmental epidemiology. A convenient one-stop guide, the book brings together information on some exposure biomarkers and nicotine addiction in humans with regulatory implications and strategies. The authors also include discussions of how smoke exposure biomarkers may be used to shape regulation and health policy. Ethics guidelines, details of method development, and the validated relative bioanalytical method provided in the appendixes rounds out the coverage. The book gives you tools to further research biomarkers for tobacco carcinogens and to face emerging health challenges such as delivery of nicotine via electronic cigarettes.

Whether you have allergies or asthma, or you just want to avoid exposures to indoor contaminants and allergens, this book will teach you how to have a healthier home. In this thoroughly revised edition of My House Is Killing Me! Jeffrey C. and Connie L. May draw on the dramatic personal stories of their clients to help readers understand the links between indoor environmental conditions and human health. Explaining how air conditioning, finished basements, and other home features affect indoor air quality, the authors offer a step-by-step approach to identifying, controlling, and even eliminating the sources of indoor pollutants and allergens. This new edition includes * more than 60 color photographs * expanded coverage on the dangers posed by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by such common items as paint, carpet, and household cleaning products * up-to-date information on the potential risks of installing spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation * completely new case studies of people who improved their indoor air quality by following the authors' advice * brand-new chapters, including " 'Trojan Horse' Allergens," "The Three Ps-Pets, Pests, and People," "Indoor Air Quality in Multi-Unit Buildings," and "Testing and Remediation." Reading My House Is Killing Me! lets you see your house the way an expert would. Along with offering a wealth of practical advice and proven solutions for various problems, the Mays include a glossary of terms and a list of valuable resources. This book is a must for all home occupants as well as perfect for those contemplating moving to or purchasing a property.

New data continually indicate that antioxidants may contribute to reductions in cancer risks and that chronic consumption of low levels of chemical carcinogens in our diet may contribute to an increased risk of developing specific types of cancers. Research also shows that in America today, the leading causes of death are cancer and heart disease. Considering that diet plays a significant role in the development of both of these diseases, issues of food toxicology become particularly topical.

Food Toxicology provides a comprehensive look at contemporary food toxicology issues. Its nine chapters, all authored by leading American academic experts, concisely address critical chemical food safety and food toxicology issues that emerged in the latter half of the last decade. Specifically, the book discusses food allergens and their diagnoses, biotechnology, estrogenic factors, and anti-toxicants. It also addresses more traditional topics such as pesticide residues, food additives, plant toxins, microbial toxins, and food analysis.

Food Toxicology presents a comprehensive treatment of food toxicology topics of scientific, regulatory, and public interest. In essence, therefore, the book represents an up-to-date analysis of important topics that are found both at the cutting edge of science and on the front pages of newspapers.

This comprehensive publication on biological actions of hydrazines includes all the available published material and chronological descriptions of the literature. The uniformly applied principle of evaluations separates each hydrazine chemical and divides according to species. This monograph presents data on carcinogenic activity of hydrazines in animals.

...this is an excellent buy for anyone involved in drug development, risk assessment or within drug licensing agencies and in academic research...This book represents a benchmark achievement for this technique...it will become the standard for many years to come. - Paul Baldrick, British Toxicology Society Newsletter

Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology Edited by Philip W. Harvey, Kevin C. Rush and Andrew Cockburn AgrEvo UK Ltd, Saffron Walden, UK This is the first book to consider the integrated role of the classical endocrine system and hormones (including those from tissues outside the classical endocrine system) in toxicological responses. Although focusing on the latest knowledge on endocrine glands as target organs and the mechanistic and molecular basis for toxicity in these organs, Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology has been written to cover toxicological responses at the whole body level mediated by endocrine or hormonal mechanisms. This whole body, multi--organ approach significantly broadens the relevance of this volume to toxicologists. Following an introductory section on the types of endocrine toxicity including primary, secondary and indirect mechanisms, the next section deals with endocrine organs as toxicological targets. International contributions focus on the pituitary, thyroid and parathyroids, adrenals, testes, ovaries and the pancreas, and comparative endocrine carcinogenesis. A third section of the book develops the whole body approach, in which chapters are devoted to hormonal mechanisms of toxicity to the immune, nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems, as well as to the liver, kidney and skin. The final section covers human and environmental health perspectives discussing endocrine disrupting chemicals, hormonal mechanisms in breast cancer and current regulatory trends in endocrine and hormonal toxicology. The comprehensive nature of Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology makes it accessible to both specialist and general toxicologists, and to those within the fields of endocrinology, pharmacology and pathology.

The gastrointestinal tract is the most important of the three major routes of entry (and clearance) of xenobiotics and biologic entities into the bodies of mammals. As such, it is also the major route for administration of pharmaceuticals to humans. Gastrointestinal Toxicology, Second Edition describes the mechanism for entry and clearance of xenobiotics, as well as the barriers, immunologic and metabolic issues, and functions present in the GI tract. Appearing in this volume are also considerations of the microbiome and its actions and influence on the function of the GI tract and on the toxicity and pharmacodynamics of ingested substances (including nutrients, toxins, and therapeutics). These fifteen chapters written by experienced experts in the field address methods to evaluate GI function; specifics of GI function and toxicity assessment in canines and minipigs; classes of compounds with their toxicity; species differences; and the toxicity (and promise) of nanoparticles. Those needing to understand the structure, function, and methods of studying the GI tract will find this volume a singular source of reference.

Written by experts in the field, The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Composition and Measurement, Second Edition compiles data on the properties of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and on concentrations of its constituents in indoor air. The authors focus on common natural indoor environments and environments associated with chronic exposure. They stress measurement methods and competing sources of indoor air contaminants commonly attributed to ETS.

The environment in which human beings live is complex and we may encounter many different potentially toxic chemical substances during the course of our lives. These xenobiotic agents may invade the living system in the form of environmental pollutants, in the diet, as pharmaceutically administered compounds or even as chemical weapons and it is becoming widely recognised that free radicals are often involved in this toxicity.
The book covers all aspects of toxic agents in the environment from their detection to their effects. Final year undergraduates and postgraduates studying toxicology, biochemistry, cell biology or environmental science will find this book valuable reading, whilst researchers in academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and public health laboratories will appreciate it as a comprehensive reference.

This work contributes to a better understanding of the growing subnational involvement in foreign affairs. It offers a general view of the most prominent aspects in the development of subnational foreign action around the world, dealing with topics such as the repercussions upon subnational autonomy of the progressive constitution of diverse international regimes like the European Union, NAFTA, and APEC, or the complex relation between the growing subnational foreign action and the contemporary conditions for the formulation and implementation of foreign policy in federal and quasifederal states.