Drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics as determinants of drug attrition and the safety of xenobiotics are critically important. This book presents a comprehensive treatise on the current issues and challenges facing drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Readers will find a thorough exploration of their predictive role in impacting drug discovery and development and in improving the success rate and safety assessment of pharmaceuticals and industrial or occupational chemicals. Chapters not only focus on the current state of art, with distinct examples, but on future needs and approaches likely to improve our prediction of potential human risk. Discussions of critical properties that are determinants of a compound's metabolic and pharmacokinetic fate follow introductory chapters. The Drug Discovery process increasingly incorporates pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism screening and focus has shifted towards in silico, computational and systems biology approaches. Core chapters reflect this and the recent interest and need to assess the role of transporters, along with drug metabolizing enzymes, as potential determinants of pharmacokinetic behaviour, toxicity and drug-drug interactions. Lastly, chapters cover the issues and factors involved in translating pharmacokinetics from in silico to in vivo and from animal models to man, and postulate future directions and opportunities. Leading experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies across the globe contribute their knowledge to this book, which scientists involved in many aspects of the drug discovery process, as well as regulators and postgraduate students, will find a useful resource.

A compilation of published scientific information, including human, animal, cellular, and theoretical studies, Depleted Uranium: Properties, Uses and Health Consequences provides the most current and comprehensive collection of information on depleted uranium health hazards. The editor and her international panel of contributors are clinical and basic researchers at the forefront of toxicology, carcinogenesis, and human epidemiology. They review key findings on DU biological and health effects and comprehensively describe the research progress made during the last 11 years. The book's coverage ranges from cellular malignant transformation and carcinogenesis to animal toxicity and neurotoxicity, and concludes with human medical surveillance studies, uranium measurement methodologies, risk modeling, and environmental modeling. The chapters provide information on cellular and animal studies, in vivo carcinogenesis, risk modeling, uranium measurement methodologies, medical surveillance programs, and environmental monitoring. Focusing on current, peer-reviewed data, this volume is the only available compilation book on the current understanding of the potential health hazards of depleted uranium exposure.

Ibuprofen is widely used throughout the world for a variety of conditions. This reference work provides a comprehensive and critical review of the basic science and clinical aspects of the drug. The book begins with the history and development of the drug and its current patterns of use world- wide before moving on to examine its basic pharmaceutical attributes and medicinal chemistry. The properties of various formulations are described (oral prescription and OTC, topical and others) are described. The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in animals and humans is discussed - highlighting the factors affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. The clinical pharmacology and toxicology and the drug's mechanisms of action in different disease states and conditions are covered. The therapeutic uses in various acute and inflammatory conditions is detailed. Also considered are the safety versus efficacy issues and the pharmacoepidemiological data.

What chemicals are poisonous to the heart and why are they toxic? Find out by reading Principles of Cardiac Toxicology. Certain chemicals can produce toxicity by interacting with elements of the cardiovascular system. This book presents the anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and pathological basis for this interaction and describes the classes of chemicals known to produce cardiovascular toxicity. Characteristics of potential antidotes are also discussed. Clinicians and researchers will discover that this volume is an essential guide to understanding factors that could contribute to cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiologists, emergency room physicians, intensive care nurses, consulting pharmacists, and basic medical scientists will also benefit from this comprehensive work.

Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 4 includes the most recent reviews of current issues involved in the toxicity of food and nutrients. With contributors from the fields of medicine, public health, and environmental science, the continuation of this series distills a broad range of research on food safety and food technology. Volume Four discusses: The extent to which postnatal metal exposure through breastfeeding can impair an infant's health Selenium bioavailability and metabolism, effects of selenium exposure, and mechanisms of selenium toxicity The fate of toxic and nontoxic arsenic compounds in the human body upon ingestion The biological role of sulfur, sulfur metabolism, deficiencies, and toxicity The effects on fluoride on teeth, bones, kidneys, arteries, hormones, the brain, and the reproductive system Food-borne disease outbreaks, microbial quality and risk assessment of food-borne microorganisms in ready to eat foods Effect of T-2 toxin on DNA and chromosomes, circulatory system, skin, reproductive system, liver and spleen, gastrointestinal tract, brain and neurotransmitters, and more Investigation of the interference of AFB1 with molecular components of cell cycle checkpoints Analyzes cycad consumption and its effects on the neurological systems and its manifestations; describes bio-chemical changes and morphological or pathological outcomes through time in detail Lectins in the human diet, toxicity and biological effects, immunomodulatory effects, modulation of immune function by dietary lectins in disease This is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the food industry or academics researching food science and food technology.

Focusing on phytochemicals and their potential for drug discovery, this book offers a comprehensive resource on poisonous plants and their applications in chemistry and in pharmacology. Provides a comprehensive resource on phytotoxins, covering historical perspectives, modern applications, and their potential in drug discovery - Covers the mechanisms, benefits, risks and management protocols of phytotoxins in a scientific laboratory and the usefulness in drug discovery - Written and edited by leading researchers in phytochemistry, medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, toxicology, and more - Presents chapters in a carefully designed, clear order, making it an ideal resource for the academic researcher or the industry professional at any stage in their career Provides a comprehensive resource on phytotoxins, covering historical perspectives, modern applications, and their potential in drug discovery Covers the mechanisms, benefits, risks and management protocols of phytotoxins in a scientific laboratory and the usefulness in drug discovery Presents chapters in a carefully designed, clear order, making it an ideal resource for the academic researcher or the industry professional at any stage in their career

Food and Nutritional Toxicology provides a broad overview of the chemicals in food that have the potential to produce adverse health effects. The book covers the impact on human health of food containing environmental contaminants or natural toxicants, food additives, the migration of chemicals from packaging materials into foods, and the persistence of feed and food contaminants in food products. Chapters address the adverse effects of nutrient excesses, the impact of contaminants on nutrient utilization, metabolism of food toxicants, and the relationship of the body's biologic defense mechanisms to such toxicants. The book includes discussions on the risk determination process, food safety regulation, and the current status of the regulatory processes. Presenting the general principles of toxicology, this authoritative reference enhances the understanding of foodborne intoxications, infections, and diseases linked to foods. This in-depth study establishes a solid background in the principles and prevention of foodborne disease and the regulation of food safety.

Environmental issues such as ozone layer depletion, overpopulation, biodiversity loss, global warming, natural resource depletion, and so on affect every organism on the planet somehow. Environmental biotechnology applications can help to protect and restore the quality of the environment. The goal is to use biotechnology with other technologies and safety procedures to prevent, arrest, and reverse environmental degradation. Environmental biotechnology is one of the most rapidly expanding and practically useful scientific fields. Biochemistry, physiology and genetic research of microorganisms can be converted into commercially available technologies for reversing and preventing further deterioration of the earth's environment. Solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes can be altered either by recycling new by-products or by purifying to make the end product less harmful to the environment. Biotechnology for Toxic Remediation and Environmental Sustainability discusses the removal of pollutants by absorption techniques and recycling wastewater into valuable by-products and biofuels by microorganisms. Moreover, this book also addresses corrosion prevention by green inhibitors, uses electrochemical systems for renewable energy and waste recycling using microbes, and recent food safety and security trends in the food microbiome. On the other hand, this book also discusses therapy and treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, anti-cancer and pharmacological properties of thymoquinone and preventive properties of zinc nanoparticles against stress-mediated apoptosis in epithelial cells. Features Covers all aspects of Biotechnological application in the environment Discusses sustainable technology for the wastewater treatment and value-added products from wastewater Focuses on research activities Green corrosion inhibitors, bio-electrochemical systems, food safety and security, and antimicrobial resistance The book is a valuable resource for the undergrad and graduate students, doctoral and post-doctoral scholars, industrial personnel, academicians, scientists, researchers, and policymakers involved in understanding and implementing applications of biotechnology for environmental toxic remediation.

Written by experts in the analytical chemistry of tobacco smoke, Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers summarizes the toxicology, metabolic pathway, and biomarkers of nicotine, TSNAs, PAHs, VOCs, AAs, Catechol and Hydroquinone, HCN, CO and NOx, and heavy metals, and the use of this biomarker in exposure assessment and/or cigarette smoke exposure environmental epidemiology. A convenient one-stop guide, the book brings together information on some exposure biomarkers and nicotine addiction in humans with regulatory implications and strategies. The authors also include discussions of how smoke exposure biomarkers may be used to shape regulation and health policy. Ethics guidelines, details of method development, and the validated relative bioanalytical method provided in the appendixes rounds out the coverage. The book gives you tools to further research biomarkers for tobacco carcinogens and to face emerging health challenges such as delivery of nicotine via electronic cigarettes.

Molecular Toxicology is a concise introduction to the subject, taking the reader through the theoretical principles of toxicology followed by specific examples. In the first section, the concepts behind possible mechanisms of toxicity are described (e.g. the specific enzyme or receptor system) using examples where appropriate. Following this a series of examples are used to show the extension of concept into the real world, in an organ specific manner. The book concludes with a section outlining toxicity assessment methods, where the impact of molecular biology is having a considerable impact, including DNA microarrays, proteomics and bioinformatics. The Advanced Text series is designed for students taking advanced-level courses in life sciences, including final year undergraduates and taught MSc. Titles in this series will also be invaluable to researchers new to the field, and to established researchers as a basic reference.

Since the advent of cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide array technology, and gene chip analysis, genomics has revolutionized the entire field of biomedical research. A byproduct of this revolution, toxicogenomics is a fast-rising star within toxicological analysis.

Gathering together leading authors and scientists at the forefront of the field, An Introduction to Toxicogenomics provides a comprehensive overview of this new discipline. With a focus on toxicology, it introduces the basic principles of microarray/oligonucleotide array-based genomic analysis and explains how it fits into the field of biomedical research. These discussions provide an overview to the actual mechanics of the analyses themselves and offer insights on handling and quality control. Then the book features an important section on the basics of data analysis and clustering methods such as genetic algorithms. Finally, it covers the application of expression profiling in the field of toxicology and addresses the two fundamental types of analysis in detail, with sections dedicated to both mechanistic and predictive studies.

Although toxicogenomics promises fast, efficient techniques and information-rich data, much of its potential remains untapped. An Introduction to Toxicogenomics consolidates the concepts underlying the field to provide a solid foundation from which to begin your research endeavors.

Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientists present what has been accomplished thus far in developing acceptable alternatives to traditional animal toxicological assessment and provide potentially new initiatives.

In over 40 chapters, the book addresses 7 themes, beginning with the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternatives in the US, the UK, and Western Europe. Then the book covers methods based on the mechanisms of eye irritation at the ocular surface, dermal toxicity testing, and assessing neurotoxicity. It also includes a case study in the use of alternatives to determine the mechanism of sulfur mustard action and discusses the role of transgenics and toxicokinetics in the development of alternative toxicity tests. Finally the book presents recent innovations in alternatives, including the use of archival data, and in silico techniques.

Focusing on the science and not the politics, Alternative Toxicological Methods concisely discusses the application of state-of-the-art methods and explores cutting-edge research related to developing and validating alternatives to animal testing. This book will benefit toxicologists, cosmetic chemists, pharmacologists, experimental biologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and regulatory officers in their quest for applying the 3Rs to the use of animals in toxicological testing of drug candidates, chemicals, and cosmetics.

With growing interest in the safety of foods, knowledge of food toxicology is gaining more importance every day. Introduction to Toxicology and Food provides a concise overview of both the science of toxicology and food toxicology. It presents easy-to-understand explanations of the concepts and principles of toxicology as a science, the toxicants found in foods, and naturally occurring antitoxic/anticarcinogenic substances in foods. It examines the uses, harmful effects, and safety aspects of a variety of toxicants, including natural toxicants, contaminants, and food additives.

The book begins with a general overview of the concepts and principles of toxicology. It describes its history and branches, toxic doses, stages of toxication, effect mechanisms of toxins, and toxicity tests. Then it covers the substances in our foods that have toxicological significance, such as natural sources of toxicants, contaminants, and food additives. Finally, the book presents information about "chemopreventers" - those foods and food components that have antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic effects.

With its easy-to-read style and its clear discussions of the science of toxicology, food toxicology, and chemopreventers, Introduction to Toxicology and Food is an ideal text for an undergraduate course in food toxicology and a useful guide for food scientists.

With the growing prospect for germ warfare, environmental and occupational neurotoxicology has come center stage. This is a multidisciplinary science dealing with the study of chemical compounds found in the environment or workplace that have deleterious effects on the nervous system and behavior of humans. The ultimate goal of this science is the understanding of their toxicity with the aim of preventing illness and suffering. Prior to the original publication of this work in 1991, this subject has never been viewed as a distinct body of knowledge; over ten years later it remains the premier text of its field.
An encyclopedic compendium of over thirty years exhaustive research written by an expert in the fields of occupational health, environment, and toxicology, "Foundations of Environmental and Occupational Neurotoxicology" is a pioneering work. Jos A. Valciukas, in building bridges between several academic and medical disciplines, explains how health and human behavior may be adversely affected by neurotoxins. After introducing his study with a history of environmental and occupational neurotoxicology, he discusses, in Chapter 1, "Fundamentals & Techniques"-the components of the nervous system and how a clinical examination is conducted. Chapter 2, "Neurotoxic Chemical Compounds & Drugs," classifies the various neurotoxic substances. In Chapter 3, "Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Occupational Health," the author examines how neurotoxic agents are absorbed and excreted. In Chapter 4, entitled "Methods of Data Analysis," he assesses surveys, data management, and the determination of toxic causation. Chapter 5, "The Targets of Neurotoxicity," contains an examination of the effects of toxins on brain development, the auditory and visual systems, and emotions and moods. Chapter 6, entitled "Counfounders & Current Issues," discusses relevant issues of senile dementia, alcoholism, smoking, and neurotoxic agents of chemical warfare.
"What is unique about this book is that Dr. Valciukas has consolidated this information and discussed the principles and pitfalls governing the assessment of neurotoxicology in the workplace This book is highly recommended to those who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their area of expertise into aspects of environmental and occupational neurotoxicology..."
-"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health"
Jos A. Valciukas is director of the Clinical Psychology Internship Program at the Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center in the Bronx, New York. He is the author of "Forensic Neuropsychology: Conceptual Foundations and Clinical Practice," and is a former managing editor of the journal "Environmental Research."

Contents:
What is an expert witness?; so you want to be an expert; the attorney-expert relationship; what do you offer the attorney?; reports - to be or not to be?; how much are they paying you for your testimony?; play acting; can you determine cause? now the deposition; the courtroom, the judge and the jury; the trial comes eventually; nature of the attack on you; the aftermath.

Whether you have allergies or asthma, or you just want to avoid exposures to indoor contaminants and allergens, this book will teach you how to have a healthier home. In this thoroughly revised edition of My House Is Killing Me! Jeffrey C. and Connie L. May draw on the dramatic personal stories of their clients to help readers understand the links between indoor environmental conditions and human health. Explaining how air conditioning, finished basements, and other home features affect indoor air quality, the authors offer a step-by-step approach to identifying, controlling, and even eliminating the sources of indoor pollutants and allergens. This new edition includes * more than 60 color photographs * expanded coverage on the dangers posed by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by such common items as paint, carpet, and household cleaning products * up-to-date information on the potential risks of installing spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation * completely new case studies of people who improved their indoor air quality by following the authors' advice * brand-new chapters, including " 'Trojan Horse' Allergens," "The Three Ps-Pets, Pests, and People," "Indoor Air Quality in Multi-Unit Buildings," and "Testing and Remediation." Reading My House Is Killing Me! lets you see your house the way an expert would. Along with offering a wealth of practical advice and proven solutions for various problems, the Mays include a glossary of terms and a list of valuable resources. This book is a must for all home occupants as well as perfect for those contemplating moving to or purchasing a property.

This practical resource provides toxicolgists and scientists with essential information on the regulations that govern the context and the content of their jobs and products. The book also covers the scientific and historical underpinnings of those regulations. Each chapter provides a grounding in the historical events that led to the development of original legislation and major subsequent changes in legislation. The major administrative divisions for regulatory agencies and their main missions and responsibilities are also detailed, as are the basic filing units or documents the agencies require of individuals to meet goals.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203165594

The second volume in Routledge's new series with the Hagley Center for the History of Business, Technology and Society, Boys and Their Toys places class and work at the core of gender formation. Covering topics from the turn-of-the-century to the present, Boys and Their Toys reveals how masculine roles were and are made.
negotiating the divide between 'respectable manhood' and 'rough manhood', this book explores masculinity at work and at play through provocative essays on labor unions, railroads, vocational training programs, and NASCAR racing.
This groundbreaking collection brings new insight into the complexities of masculinity and its relationship to class and society. It is a fresh and original exploration of gender, business and culture that is sure to appeal to readers of Gail Bederman and Michael Kimmel.

Diversified physicochemical injuries trigger Charnoly body (CB) formation as pleomorphic, electron-dense, multi-lamellar stacks of nonfunctional mitochondrial membranes in the most vulnerable cell. Free radicals induce downregulation of mitochondrial DNA, microRNA, AgNOR, and epigenetics to trigger CB molecular pathogenesis. CB is eliminated by energy (ATP)-driven lysosome-dependent charnolophagy as a basic molecular mechanism of intracellular detoxification to prevent acute and chronic diseases. Accumulation of CB at the junction of axon hillock and charnolosome (CS) at the synapses causes cognitive impairments; whereas, nonspecific induction of CB causes GIT stress, myelosuppression, alopecia, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and infertility in multidrug-resistant malignancies. Hence, stem cell-specific CB, charnolophagy, and CS agonists/antagonists are introduced as novel charnolopharmacotherapeutics for the successful treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, drug addiction, and cancer. Nanoparticles to improve drug delivery, CS exocytosis, and disease-specific spatiotemporal charnolosomics employing correlative and combinatorial bioinformatics boost mitochondrial bioenergetics through balanced diet, exercise, and antioxidants. The book will be of interest to medical scientists and practitioners.

An in-depth exploration of Benzene Carcinogenicity including source, measurement, analysis, and clinical conclusions.

Alcohol Interactions with Drugs and Chemicals is a concise volume that identifies, documents, and assesses the capacity of alcohol to alter the toxicity of chemical pollutants and drugs in animal models and humans. The book systematically assesses interactions according to general chemical classes of inorganic and organic agents. It also presents an integrative discussion of the significance of these findings to public health. Alcohol Interactions with Drugs and Chemicals will be a valuable reference tool for environmental scientists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, and alcohol researchers studying the interactions of alcohol with drugs and chemical pollutants.

New data continually indicate that antioxidants may contribute to reductions in cancer risks and that chronic consumption of low levels of chemical carcinogens in our diet may contribute to an increased risk of developing specific types of cancers. Research also shows that in America today, the leading causes of death are cancer and heart disease. Considering that diet plays a significant role in the development of both of these diseases, issues of food toxicology become particularly topical.

Food Toxicology provides a comprehensive look at contemporary food toxicology issues. Its nine chapters, all authored by leading American academic experts, concisely address critical chemical food safety and food toxicology issues that emerged in the latter half of the last decade. Specifically, the book discusses food allergens and their diagnoses, biotechnology, estrogenic factors, and anti-toxicants. It also addresses more traditional topics such as pesticide residues, food additives, plant toxins, microbial toxins, and food analysis.

Food Toxicology presents a comprehensive treatment of food toxicology topics of scientific, regulatory, and public interest. In essence, therefore, the book represents an up-to-date analysis of important topics that are found both at the cutting edge of science and on the front pages of newspapers.

Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology Edited by Philip W. Harvey, Kevin C. Rush and Andrew Cockburn AgrEvo UK Ltd, Saffron Walden, UK This is the first book to consider the integrated role of the classical endocrine system and hormones (including those from tissues outside the classical endocrine system) in toxicological responses. Although focusing on the latest knowledge on endocrine glands as target organs and the mechanistic and molecular basis for toxicity in these organs, Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology has been written to cover toxicological responses at the whole body level mediated by endocrine or hormonal mechanisms. This whole body, multi--organ approach significantly broadens the relevance of this volume to toxicologists. Following an introductory section on the types of endocrine toxicity including primary, secondary and indirect mechanisms, the next section deals with endocrine organs as toxicological targets. International contributions focus on the pituitary, thyroid and parathyroids, adrenals, testes, ovaries and the pancreas, and comparative endocrine carcinogenesis. A third section of the book develops the whole body approach, in which chapters are devoted to hormonal mechanisms of toxicity to the immune, nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems, as well as to the liver, kidney and skin. The final section covers human and environmental health perspectives discussing endocrine disrupting chemicals, hormonal mechanisms in breast cancer and current regulatory trends in endocrine and hormonal toxicology. The comprehensive nature of Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology makes it accessible to both specialist and general toxicologists, and to those within the fields of endocrinology, pharmacology and pathology.

...this is an excellent buy for anyone involved in drug development, risk assessment or within drug licensing agencies and in academic research...This book represents a benchmark achievement for this technique...it will become the standard for many years to come. - Paul Baldrick, British Toxicology Society Newsletter

This comprehensive publication on biological actions of hydrazines includes all the available published material and chronological descriptions of the literature. The uniformly applied principle of evaluations separates each hydrazine chemical and divides according to species. This monograph presents data on carcinogenic activity of hydrazines in animals.