This text focuses on research procedures in toxicology, aiming to illustrate toxicological concepts and types of toxicity from a mechanistic point of view. Mechanistic research in toxicology leads not only to a greater understanding of the biology involved, but also the means to design substances with selectivity between species and minimal undesirable side effects. Examples of chemical intoxicants are used to illustrate mechanisms in each stage of developing toxicity.

This volume brings together all aspects of TAXOLA(R) research, development, and clinical use. It provides comprehensive knowledge of the compound and a perspective of the complex interrelationships needed for its development and production. Each chapter is written by an authority in the field. Chapters are carefully coordinated to maximize information on key topics while avoiding overlap and duplication. Previously unpublished material is presented along with thorough reviews of each topic.

Lead Poisoning discusses one of the most critical and preventable environmentally induced illnesses. The actual toll lead poisoning takes on society cannot be measured fully due to the "silent" nature of health effects, such as subtle intellectual deficits and neurological damage, caused by chronic low-level exposures. This book covers every major topic on the subject, including lead poisoning in children, sources of contamination, state-of-the-art sampling and analytical measurement methods, the newest studies on low-cost abatement methods, and much more. This reference is the most comprehensive presentation of issues currently available under one cover.
The text is divided into three major parts. Part I provides insights from studies assessing lead exposures from paint, dust, soil, and lead battery recycling operations. The second part is a unique collection of strategic federal policy statements from the U.S. EPA, HUD, and HEW-CDC. It details the National Implementation Plan as well as a local government's efforts to provide low-cost effective risk communication and public outreach to the community. The next part offers seven chapters on analytical issues in the measurement of lead in blood, paint, dust, and soils. Part IV, Sampling Methods and Statistical Issues, rounds out the technical portion of the volume. The relationships among lead levels in biological and environmental media are investigated and the interpretive problems discussed. The use of multi-element analysis of environmental samples as an approach to investigate sources is described.
The book finishes with its most unique feature-OPPT's Check Our Kids for Lead Program, one organization's effort to empower its employees to make a personal difference in confronting the problem of lead poisoning in children. The Program serves as a model for other government organizations (federal, state, and local), university and community organizations, and corporations to educate them and take personal and corporate responsibility for addressing this important and environmental health problem.

Highlighting activated charcoal's great effectiveness in treating drug overdoses and poisonings in both humans and animals, this comprehensive, single-source reference brings together vital information from every significant study on the use of activated charcoal for medical purposes-describing all available charcoal products and their characteristics.
Details activated charcoal's ability to reduce the systemic absorption of a vast array of drugs, chemicals, and biochemical substances-including analgesics, antipyretics, sedatives, alkaloids, snake venoms, and bacterial and fungal toxins.

The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described.
Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.

Genetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and viability of other living things is important to consider as well.
Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment features contributions from international experts to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of genetic risk assessment. You'll learn about various methods and strategies for when and how to conduct genetic risk assessments on human populations. You will also learn about the potential effects of environmental genotoxins on nonhuman organisms. Topics considered include:

Chemical Intolerance identifies phenolic (aromatic) chemical compounds present in natural foodstuffs, pollens, certain food additives, tobacco smoke, perfumes, air pollution, etc., as nonimmunologic, but pharmacologic activators of allergic reactions in chemically intolerant individuals. Biochemical pathway sequences, with supporting scientific literature, are outlined to elucidate the mechanisms associated with formation of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes) upon activation by phenolic compounds and other chemical stimulants. The role of these inflammatory agents in respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, and other disorders is discussed. Treatment modalities using precise dosages of selected phenolic compounds are outlined to provide clinicians with an effective means of therapy. The author also shares his own experience and personal findings based on 20 years of research, including his recommendations for therapy.

This resource discusses all aspects of food poisoning and its sources such as bacteria, plant, and fungus - presenting the pathogens and food toxins in detail.;Featuring contributions from over 30 leading authorities in the field, Food Poisoning ...: describes bacterial food contaminants including staphylococcal, salmonellae, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, cholera, and botulism; covers the prevention and treatment of mushroom and other poisonings from grains and plant-type foods; explains how to aid allergic reactions resulting from eating certain foods; identifies which kinds of seafood may cause severe poisoning; explores teratogenic aspects of food poisoning, outlining which foods pregnant women should avoid; and shows how those sensitive to nitrosamines can avoid such food poisoning.;Extensively referenced with more than 2200 literature citations, Volume 7: Food Poisoning serves as essential reading for toxicologists, microbiologists, dietitians and nutritionists, public health officials, food scientists and technologists, agricultural chemists and biochemists, bacteriologists, and graduate-level students in food science and toxicology.

This book is a compilation of experimentally determined solubility ranges of over 1,700 compounds in the National Toxicology Program's Chemical Repository. Each compound's solubility was determined in a consistent manner in one to six solvents. Solvents chosen were those most commonly used for toxicology studies, spill cleanups, and chemical synthesis or chemical reaction experiments. These solvents include acetone, 95% ethanol, water, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and toluene. Data for many of the research and industrial chemicals featured in this volume do not exist anywhere else. If you are a toxicologist, safety professional, industrial hygienist, or chemist, this book is a valuable reference tool you'll find yourself using every day.

Human interaction with the environment remains one of the most pervasive facets of modern society. In a world characterized by rapid population growth, unprecedented global trade and digital communications, energy security, natural resource scarcities, climatic changes and environmental quality, emerging diseases and public health, biodiversity and habitat modifications are routinely touted by the popular press as they canvas global political agendas and scholarly endeavors.

Lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium are major toxic metals. All are environmental pollutants that can inflict harm on humans and other living creatures as well as adversely affect our air, water, soil, and food supply. They can poison not only us but also our progeny developing in the womb. They can break down the body's basic functions. This book describes the unique characteristics of each of the four major toxic metals, identifies the likely sources of our exposure, and offers in-depth, evidence based information, methods to test for its presence, and therapies to rid ti from our bodies.

This comprehensive treatise offers an in-depth discussion of natural toxicants in plants, emphasizing their effects as defenses against herbivory. Coevolution of plants and her-bivores are covered with a detailed treatment of toxicant metabolism and systemic effects in mammalian tissues. Con-sideration of the economic importance of plant toxins, modi-fication by plant breeding, management of toxico-sis, and toxicant problems in various geographic areas are in-cluded. Each volume offers an extensive description of chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, distribution in plants, metabolism in mam-mals and insects, and practical problems in humans and livestock.

Explains how short-term infections from foodborne diseases can lead to long-term health issues. Details food-processing to agricultural practices, global warming and imported foods. This book is an eye-opener for anyone concerned with the safety of our food sources.

In Foodborne Diseases, leading authorities present a broad overview of the microbial pathogens and toxins associated with foodborne illness while discussing pathogenicity, clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The chapters of this volume cover a wide variety of bacterial pathogens, viruses, protozoans, and parasites, as well as microbial toxins, and also address alternatives to antibiotics, risk assessment, irradiation and other sanitation procedures, and molecular techniques for detecting foodborne pathogens. Additionally, the acclaimed authors discuss pathogen control strategies and look toward future innovations in food safety technology.

Covering essential foodborne pathogens, assessment and treatment, Foodborne Diseases is an essential reference for infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and industrial and research-based scientists in food safety.

When our bodies start accumulating toxins faster than they can be eliminated, our tissues begin to store them. These stored toxins initiate degenerative processes that can lead to diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and arthritis. Chelating agents-substances that latch on to and carry toxins out of the body-can help free us of this destructive load. In this book, the authors discuss the proper use of oral and intravenous chelating agents.

For almost half a century, Dr. Joe Pizzorno has taught tens of thousands of students and doctors, authored or co-authored 11 books, written over 100 articles in scientific journals, and cared for tens of thousands of patients either directly or indirectly. As a leading pioneer of integrative medicine, he's convinced that that there are two key determinants of whether or not you will enjoy health today, tomorrow, and lifelong: 1. The extent of your exposure to toxins and 2. Your ability to process the toxins that are absorbed into your body. While lifestyle, diet, and genetics all play a major role in your health, many of the primary symptoms of declining health and chronic disease start with toxic overload. The human body has an innate capacity to detoxify; however, we are exposed today to a level of consumer, agricultural, and industrial toxins that our bodies never evolved to handle. Over a lifetime, this toxic overload contributes to diseases once rare that are now epidemic in people of all ages. The Toxin Solution offers readers the proven detox and tailored protocols Pizzorno has developed to release toxic overload and restore health. Readers will also learn how to avoid toxins (wherever possible) as they progressively release them from their cells, tissues, fat stores, and liver. In just eight weeks, The Toxin Solution will: * Teach you to avoid toxins in food and the products you use. * Help repair your liver, gut, kidneys, and prepare for detox. * Support your body in releasing the chemicals. * Repair some of the damage toxins have caused. Our parents and grandparents undoubtedly faced their own unique stressors, but they were nothing like the barrage of chemicals, heavy metals, radiation, electromagnetic frequencies, and pollution that batter us today. Fortunately, our bodies have a tremendous capacity to remain vital, bounce back (and even heal themselves). And as you follow The Toxin Solution, you will discover how releasing and avoiding toxins will help you to feel radically better today-and for the rest of your life.

Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation brings together current opinion and research activities from Japan, the US, and Europe on the subject of genotoxic thresholds. In regulation, it is an adage that genotoxic carcinogens have no thresholds for action, and that they impose cancer risk on humans even at very low levels. This policy is frequently called into question as humans possess a number of defense mechanisms including detoxication, DNA repair, and apoptosis, meaning there is a threshold at which these genotoxic carcinogens take action. The book examines these potential thresholds, describing the potential cancer risks of daily low-level exposure, the mechanisms involved (such as DNA repair, detoxication, translesion DNA synthesis), chemical and statistical methods of analysis, and the ways in which these may be utilized to inform policy. Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation is an essential reference for any professional researchers in genetic toxicology and those involved in toxicological regulation.

Hazardous agents are an ongoing concern in the modern workplace, with many examples of workers being severely affected by chemicals as a result of both acute and chronic exposure. Occupational Toxicology, 2nd Edition introduces the basics of toxicology that underpin the application of toxicological information to the workplace environment. The book contains chapters on the most important workplace exposures such as metals, pesticides, solvents, plastics, gases, and particulate matter, as well as the organs likely to be affected. The lungs and the skin are given individual consideration as common sites of injury and disease caused by exposure to chemicals. Genotoxicity and cancer are also singled out for particular attention due to ongoing concern about cancer-related effects of chemicals. Important fields interfacing with occupational toxicology - hygiene, epidemiology, and occupational medicine - are also covered to assist the reader in understanding the necessity of cross-discipline considerations in dealing with workplace exposures. This practical approach makes this book particularly valuable to students of toxicology as well as to occupational health and safety professionals at all levels.

The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels.

Brainstorming Questions in Toxicology is designed to serve as a comprehensive, quick reference supplement for various examinations that include sections on toxicology. It reflects the breadth and multidisciplinary nature of toxicology with an objective approach to the subject. With 3500 short questions and answers, multiple choice questions, true/false or correct/incorrect statements, fill in the blanks, and matching the statements, this book is a helpful tool for students, teachers and toxicologists preparing for licensure and certification exams. It is also a resource or refresher for toxicologists working in pharmacy, medical, clinical and forensic toxicology, veterinary, and other related fields such as environment and eco-toxicology. Key Features: Serves as a refresher for academicians and professionals in the field of toxicology Provides an essential guide for the student who needs a study aid for toxicology and the teacher of toxicology who needs inspiration when composing questions for their students Supplements in-house training courses in toxicology that exist in some pharmaceutical and chemical industries

This book provides an overview of historical and contemporary cases of homicidal poisoning. While homicidal poisoning is sometimes thought of as a thing of the past, it continues to be a contemporary problem, and in fact the unknown offender rate for poisoning cases is 20-30 times that of other homicide types in contemporary research, and many poisoners commit serial homicides while going undetected.The author of this important and timely work explores the theoretical bases for understanding homicidal poisoning, the nature of poisons used in homicidal cases, the characteristics of poisoners and their victims, and techniques for detection and prevention. This unique book will be of particular interest to: students of criminology (classes dealing with criminal psychology, and murder investigation); students of the history of crime; criminal justice professionals: attorneys, homicide detectives, forensic pathologists, forensic and clinical toxicologists, and other forensic investigators; and all interested in poisons, poisoners and the detection of poisoning. It has relevance to criminology, law and policing, toxicology and forensic science, the history of crime and detection, and criminal psychology. Endorsements: "A most welcomed addition to the important subject of the criminal poisoner. The author has done a fantastic job of researching the world literature, and distilling it down for the reader. The work is very well referenced, and provides critical information for law enforcement, forensic pathologists, and others, that could be dealing with the criminal poisoner." John H. Trestrail IIIToxicologistLos Lunas, New Mexico USA "Dr Michael Farrell has produced a comprehensive and authoritative work on a most serious but often overlooked aspect of criminal assault - the act of poisoning. In the Criminology of Homicidal Poisoning, Farrell seamlessly weaves together the facts about poisons and their use as an instrument of homicide with the context of the larger issue of murder. By examining the poisoner and the victim, the reader is provided a depth of understanding about how a deadly outcome arose and why the choice was made to employ poison to get the grisly job done. With criminal homicide by poisoning making up a small percentage of known crimes, the danger of insufficient scholarly attention is present. Dr Michael Farrell makes a significant contribution to ensure against this potential. As a homicide researcher, I know Criminology of Homicidal Poisoning will join the works I turn to in understanding the nuances of the how and why of homicide." Dr Richard M. Hough, Sr., Criminology and Criminal Justice and Public Administration Program Coordinator, University of West Florida, US "This comprehensive text links forensic toxicology with criminology, making a solid contribution to both fields. Farrell not only describes how homicidal poisoning fits the most popular criminological theories for why people kill but also examines the nature and lethality of various poisons, identifies trends in poisoning, provides a history, and shows offender traits and victim characteristics. In addition, he discusses issues for investigators and prosecutors who will be taking a poisoning case to trial." Katherine Ramsland Professor of forensic psychology at DeSales University, PennsylvaniaPsychology Today