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Books > Medicine > Other branches of medicine > Pharmacology > Medical toxicology
Lead Poisoning discusses one of the most critical and preventable
environmentally induced illnesses. The actual toll lead poisoning
takes on society cannot be measured fully due to the "silent"
nature of health effects, such as subtle intellectual deficits and
neurological damage, caused by chronic low-level exposures. This
book covers every major topic on the subject, including lead
poisoning in children, sources of contamination, state-of-the-art
sampling and analytical measurement methods, the newest studies on
low-cost abatement methods, and much more. This reference is the
most comprehensive presentation of issues currently available under
one cover.
Highlighting activated charcoal's great effectiveness in treating
drug overdoses and poisonings in both humans and animals, this
comprehensive, single-source reference brings together vital
information from every significant study on the use of activated
charcoal for medical purposes-describing all available charcoal
products and their characteristics.
The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety
of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and
alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains
critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished
studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member
companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and
analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and
distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently
developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation,
detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their
metabolites in environmental samples are described.
Introduction to Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment focuses on the principles involved in assessing the risks from chemical exposure. These principles include the perception of risk, an understanding of how numbers are handled, and how chemicals affect health. The book briefly describes the major sinks, such as water and air, where chemicals are introduced. This is followed by a discussion on how concentrations are estimated and risk assessments are made. A discussion of risk benefit analysis and a presentation of several case studies using the principles for assessing risks are also included.
Engineered Nanoparticles: Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity is an indispensable introduction to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Although research in the area of pharmacology and toxicology of ENM is rapidly advancing, a possible correlation between their physicochemical properties and biomedical properties or toxicity is not yet fully understood. This understanding is essential to develop strategies for the safe applications and handling of ENM. The book comprehensively defines the current understanding of ENM toxicity, first describing these materials and their physicochemical properties, and then discussing the toxicological theory and methodology before finally demonstrating the potential impact of ENM on the environment and human health. It represents an essential reference for students and investigators in toxicology, pharmacology, chemistry, material sciences, medicine, and those in related disciplines who require an introduction to ENM and their potential toxicological effects.
Genetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care
costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from
generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of
reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting
in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The
potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and
viability of other living things is important to consider as well.
Chemical Intolerance identifies phenolic (aromatic) chemical compounds present in natural foodstuffs, pollens, certain food additives, tobacco smoke, perfumes, air pollution, etc., as nonimmunologic, but pharmacologic activators of allergic reactions in chemically intolerant individuals. Biochemical pathway sequences, with supporting scientific literature, are outlined to elucidate the mechanisms associated with formation of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes) upon activation by phenolic compounds and other chemical stimulants. The role of these inflammatory agents in respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, and other disorders is discussed. Treatment modalities using precise dosages of selected phenolic compounds are outlined to provide clinicians with an effective means of therapy. The author also shares his own experience and personal findings based on 20 years of research, including his recommendations for therapy.
This resource discusses all aspects of food poisoning and its sources such as bacteria, plant, and fungus - presenting the pathogens and food toxins in detail.;Featuring contributions from over 30 leading authorities in the field, Food Poisoning ...: describes bacterial food contaminants including staphylococcal, salmonellae, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, cholera, and botulism; covers the prevention and treatment of mushroom and other poisonings from grains and plant-type foods; explains how to aid allergic reactions resulting from eating certain foods; identifies which kinds of seafood may cause severe poisoning; explores teratogenic aspects of food poisoning, outlining which foods pregnant women should avoid; and shows how those sensitive to nitrosamines can avoid such food poisoning.;Extensively referenced with more than 2200 literature citations, Volume 7: Food Poisoning serves as essential reading for toxicologists, microbiologists, dietitians and nutritionists, public health officials, food scientists and technologists, agricultural chemists and biochemists, bacteriologists, and graduate-level students in food science and toxicology.
This book is a compilation of experimentally determined solubility ranges of over 1,700 compounds in the National Toxicology Program's Chemical Repository. Each compound's solubility was determined in a consistent manner in one to six solvents. Solvents chosen were those most commonly used for toxicology studies, spill cleanups, and chemical synthesis or chemical reaction experiments. These solvents include acetone, 95% ethanol, water, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and toluene. Data for many of the research and industrial chemicals featured in this volume do not exist anywhere else. If you are a toxicologist, safety professional, industrial hygienist, or chemist, this book is a valuable reference tool you'll find yourself using every day.
Human interaction with the environment remains one of the most pervasive facets of modern society. In a world characterized by rapid population growth, unprecedented global trade and digital communications, energy security, natural resource scarcities, climatic changes and environmental quality, emerging diseases and public health, biodiversity and habitat modifications are routinely touted by the popular press as they canvas global political agendas and scholarly endeavors.
Fundamental Toxicology is a concise and comprehensive review of toxicology. It is based on the highly successful Fundamental Toxicology for Chemists and has been enriched and expanded. Every chapter in this new edition has been revised and updated, and four new chapters have been added. With contributions from internationally recognised experts in their field, this broad-based introduction to the topic covers both well-established and rapidly developing areas of toxicology, such as toxicogenomics, reproductive toxicology, behavioural toxicology and ecotoxicology. The book was written and published with the support of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The book includes new information on: risk assessment and risk management; toxicogenomics; effects of toxic substances on the human body; environmental distribution of chemicals and ecotoxicology; clinical toxicology; pharmaceutical toxicology; and aspects of laboratory measurement and safe laboratory practice. Fundamental Toxicology is ideal for students and includes extensive pedagogical features, such as an extensive glossary, a bibliography after each chapter and recommended further reading. It is also designed for teachers and lecturers, especially those who may be teaching toxicology for the first time. Included is a suggested curriculum for using the text to teach toxicology to students from various scientific disciplines. Professionals working in toxicology and related fields will find this an invaluable guide.
This comprehensive treatise offers an in-depth discussion of natural toxicants in plants, emphasizing their effects as defenses against herbivory. Coevolution of plants and her-bivores are covered with a detailed treatment of toxicant metabolism and systemic effects in mammalian tissues. Con-sideration of the economic importance of plant toxins, modi-fication by plant breeding, management of toxico-sis, and toxicant problems in various geographic areas are in-cluded. Each volume offers an extensive description of chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, distribution in plants, metabolism in mam-mals and insects, and practical problems in humans and livestock.
T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immunotoxicology Edited by Ian Kimber ZENECA Pharmaceuticals, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK and Mary Jane K. Selgrade US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, NC, USA Immunotoxicology is a diverse discipline that embraces the investigation of the adverse health effects that may result from the interaction of xenobiotics with the immune system. T lymphocytes orchestrate adaptive immune responses and are of central importance in the consideration of immunotoxicity. These cells and/or the tissue responsible for their functional maturation (the thymus) have been implicated as the primary or secondary targets for chemical insult. Moreover, T lymphocytes play pivotal roles in the induction and elicitation of chemical and protein allergy and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Classically, T lymphocytes have been divided into two main populations: CD4 helper T cells and CD8 suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. It is now apparent that there exists within both populations considerable functional heterogeneity, characterized usually by variable cytokine secretion patterns. Two major subpopulations of T helper (Th) cells have been identified and designated Th1 and Th2, with similar, but less well characterized, sub-types of cytotoxic (Tc) cells having been described also. The discovery of functional subpopulations of Th (and Tc) cells has profoundly influenced our view of the immune response and, in particular, our appreciation of the way in which the immune system can tailor responses to meet challenges of different types. This has also translated into a much more detailed understanding of certain immunopathologic processes and the role of T lymphocytes in the development of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This book explores the role of T lymphocyte subpopulations in the development and expression of immunotoxic effects. Constituent chapters reveal that a consideration of the impact of chemicals on these diverse T cell populations and the polarization of T cell responses has already contributed greatly to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying immunotoxicity, including immune suppression and allergic and autoimmune responses.
Explains how short-term infections from foodborne diseases can lead to long-term health issues. Details food-processing to agricultural practices, global warming and imported foods. This book is an eye-opener for anyone concerned with the safety of our food sources.
In Foodborne Diseases, leading authorities present a broad overview of the microbial pathogens and toxins associated with foodborne illness while discussing pathogenicity, clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The chapters of this volume cover a wide variety of bacterial pathogens, viruses, protozoans, and parasites, as well as microbial toxins, and also address alternatives to antibiotics, risk assessment, irradiation and other sanitation procedures, and molecular techniques for detecting foodborne pathogens. Additionally, the acclaimed authors discuss pathogen control strategies and look toward future innovations in food safety technology. Covering essential foodborne pathogens, assessment and treatment, Foodborne Diseases is an essential reference for infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and industrial and research-based scientists in food safety.
Microbial Forensics, Third Edition, serves as a complete reference on the discipline, describing the advances, challenges and opportunities that are integral in applying science to help solve future biocrimes. New chapters include: Microbial Source Tracking, Clinical Recognition, Bioinformatics, and Quality Assurance. This book is intended for a wide audience, but will be indispensable to forensic scientists and researchers interested in contributing to the growing field of microbial forensics. Biologists and microbiologists, the legal and judicial system, and the international community involved with Biological Weapons Treaties will also find this volume invaluable.
Clinical Research in Paediatric Psychopharmacology: An Overview of the Ethical, Scientific and Regulatory Aspects provides a practical guide and overview of the ethical, scientific and regulatory aspects of clinical research in pediatric psychopharmacology, also discussing practical points to consider when developing clinical research in this field. The book is ideal for professionals involved in clinical research in pediatric psychopharmacology, i.e., including, but not limited to pediatricians, health care professionals, researchers, investigators, pharmaceutical company personals and potentially ethics committee members. Topics discussed include the role of patient organization and advocacy groups in research, the role of families and patients: 'should I involve my kid in clinical research, and historical, ethical, regulatory, clinical, scientific, intercultural and practical aspects of clinical research in child and adolescent psychopharmacology.
An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Toxicology: From Molecules to Man integrates the various aspects of toxicology, from "simple" molecular systems, to complex human communities, with expertise from a spectrum of interacting disciplines. Chapters are written by specialists within a given subject, such as a chemical engineer, nutritional scientist, or a microbiologist, so subjects are clearly explained and discussed within the toxicology context. Many chapters are comparative across species so that students in ecotoxicology learn mammalian toxicology and vice versa. Specific citations, further reading, study questions, and other learning features are also included. The book allows students to concurrently learn concepts in both biomedical and environmental toxicology fields, thus better equipping them for the many career opportunities toxicology provides. This book will also be useful to those wishing to reference how disciplines interact within the broad field of toxicology.
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment. Toxicologists are trained to investigate, interpret, and communicate the nature of those effects. Over the last ten years the subject of toxicology has changed dramatically, moving from a discipline which was once firmly wedded to traditional methods to one which is keen to embrace the innovative techniques emerging from the developing fields of cell culture and molecular biology. There is an acute need for this to be reflected in a paradigm shift which takes advantage of the opportunities offered by modern developments in the life sciences, including new in vitro and in silico approaches, alternative whole organism (non-mammalian) models and the exploitation of omics methods, high throughput screening (HTS) techniques and molecular imaging technologies. This concise, accessible introduction to the field includes the very latest concepts and methodologies. It provides MSc, PhD and final year undergraduate students in pharmacy, biomedical and life sciences, as well as individuals starting out in the cosmetics, consumer products, pharmaceutical and testing industries, with everything they need to know to get to grips with the fast moving field of toxicology and the current approaches used in the risk assessment of drugs and chemicals.
Hazardous agents are an ongoing concern in the modern workplace, with many examples of workers being severely affected by chemicals as a result of both acute and chronic exposure. Occupational Toxicology, 2nd Edition introduces the basics of toxicology that underpin the application of toxicological information to the workplace environment. The book contains chapters on the most important workplace exposures such as metals, pesticides, solvents, plastics, gases, and particulate matter, as well as the organs likely to be affected. The lungs and the skin are given individual consideration as common sites of injury and disease caused by exposure to chemicals. Genotoxicity and cancer are also singled out for particular attention due to ongoing concern about cancer-related effects of chemicals. Important fields interfacing with occupational toxicology - hygiene, epidemiology, and occupational medicine - are also covered to assist the reader in understanding the necessity of cross-discipline considerations in dealing with workplace exposures. This practical approach makes this book particularly valuable to students of toxicology as well as to occupational health and safety professionals at all levels.
The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels. |
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