Biocompatibility Protocols for Medical Devices and Materials provides comprehensive coverage of the basic science and toxicological testing protocols necessary for the risk assessment and safety of medical devices and materials which are based on ISO guidelines for body contact and duration of contact. Sections cover device/component selection for toxicological experiments and provide an introduction to topics such as sensitization, irritation tests, material-mediated pyrogenicity, and bacterial-mediated pyrogenicity. Toxicology-related chapters explain protocols around cytotoxicity, acute systemic toxicity, repeated-exposure systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. This practice guide provides step-by-step toxicological protocols, from materials selection to data interpretation for toxicologists, biomedical research and healthcare professionals, product developers, and others working in risk assessment and the safety of medical devices.

Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by occupational exposure during the spraying and application of insecticides. The book also features separate monographs evaluating the carcinogenicity of 17 individual pesticides, including several that have been banned by industrialized countries yet are still used in the developing world. Although some of these pesticides have been in use for more than four decades, evaluations of carcinogenicity were hindered by the sparsity of well-designed epidemiological studies. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates data from descriptive and ecological studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies suggesting an increased risk of cancer, most notably lung cancer, multiple myeloma and other tumours of B-cell origin, in workers exposed to insecticides during their application. On the basis of this evaluation, the book concludes that the spraying and application of nonarsenical insecticides entail exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans. The remaining monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of aldicarb, atrazine, captafol, chlordane, DDT, deltamethrin, dichlorvos, fenvalerate, heptachlor, monuron, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, picloram, simazine, thiram, trifluralin, and zitram. Of these, captafol, a fungicide used on plants, for seed treatment, and as a wood preservative, was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Atrazine, chlordane, DDT, dichlorvos, heptachlor, and pentachlorophenol were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining pesticides could not be classified on the basis of available data.

Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the consumption of chlorinated drinking-water, by two chemicals used in the chlorination of drinking-water, by a number of halogenated by-products formed when chlorine interacts with organic matter in water, and by a selection of other halogenated compounds found in drinking-water. Chlorination was selected for evaluation because of its widespread use and because potentially carcinogenic by-products have been measured in chlorinated water. The book also includes a separate monograph on cobalt and cobalt compounds. The volume opens with a discussion of the many methodological problems that complicate efforts to assess the carcinogenicity of chlorinated water. Against this background, the book evaluates the design and findings of all studies relevant to the carcinogenicity assessment of chlorinated drinking-water, two chemicals (sodium chlorite and hypochlorite salts) used in the chlorination of water, eight of the by-products most frequently measured in drinking-water, and three additional halogenated chemicals detected in drinking-water. Because of the formidable methodological obstacles faced by all investigations, only one of these substances could be classified: bromodichloromethane was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph considers data on metallic cobalt, cobalt alloys, including cobalt-containing surgical implants and dental devices, and cobalt compounds. In view of the strength of evidence linking cobalt metal powder and cobalt[II] oxide to cancer in experimental animals, cobalt and cobalt compounds were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans

Clinical Research in Paediatric Psychopharmacology: An Overview of the Ethical, Scientific and Regulatory Aspects provides a practical guide and overview of the ethical, scientific and regulatory aspects of clinical research in pediatric psychopharmacology, also discussing practical points to consider when developing clinical research in this field. The book is ideal for professionals involved in clinical research in pediatric psychopharmacology, i.e., including, but not limited to pediatricians, health care professionals, researchers, investigators, pharmaceutical company personals and potentially ethics committee members. Topics discussed include the role of patient organization and advocacy groups in research, the role of families and patients: 'should I involve my kid in clinical research, and historical, ethical, regulatory, clinical, scientific, intercultural and practical aspects of clinical research in child and adolescent psychopharmacology.

Preclinical screening for drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can predict toxicity and revolutionizedrug development

All too often, despite adherence to regulatory guidelines, a new drug reaches the market and its toxicity is not discovered until many patients have been exposed. In many cases, this unpredicted toxicity is due to the drug's adverse effects on mitochondrial function or replication. This reference presents technological developments that facilitate preclinical drug evaluation for potential mitochondrial toxicity, addressing the issue early in the drug development process. With chapters contributed by leading specialists in their areas, Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction:

Explains basic concepts so that non-specialists can understand mitochondrial function

Discusses mitochondrial etiology of organ toxicity, covering the liver, heart, and kidney, as well as the skeletal muscle, nervous system, and lipoatrophy

Details methodologies and techniques used to assess mitochondria function so researchers can address drug-induced mitochondrial impairment in their own labs

Includes new models that detect drug-induced mitochondrial impairment in short-duration studies typical of preclinical drug evaluations

Features both in vitro and in vivo methods for analysis, including practical screening approaches for drug discovery and development

This is the authoritative reference on drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction for safety assessment professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, including bench scientists and managers, and for pharmacologists and toxicologists in both drug and environmental health sciences.

"Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology" is a key reference on the integration of structure and functional changes in tissues associated with the response to pharmaceuticals, chemicals and biologics. The 3e has been expanded by a full volume, and covers aspects of safety assessment not discussed in the 2e. Completely revised with many new chapters, it remains the most authoritative reference on toxicologic pathology for scientists and researchers studying and making decisions on drugs, biologics, medical devices and other chemicals, including agrochemicals and environmental contaminants. New topics include safety assessment, the drug life cycle, risk assessment, communication and management, carcinogenicity assessment, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, biomarkers in toxicologic pathology, quality assurance, peer review, agrochemicals, nanotechnology, food and toxicologic pathology, the environment and toxicologic pathology and more.
Provides new chapters and in-depth discussion of timely topics in the area of toxicologic pathology and broadens the scope of the audience to include toxicologists and pathologists working in a variety of settingsOffers high-quality and trusted content in a multi-contributed work written by leading international authorities in all areas of toxicologic pathologyFeatures hundreds of full color images in both the print and electronic versions of the book to highlight difficult concepts with clear illustrations

The International Association of Forensic Nurses has developed The Core Curriculum for Forensic Nursing, First Edition, for nurses who aim to work in, and gain certification in the field. The book is well illustrated with full cover photographs and images vital to a solid understanding of forensic nursing. Written by the world's experts in forensic nursing, the Core Curriculum for Forensic Nursing offers a practical organization and writing style to help with subject mastery and retention.

Sewer systems fall into the category "out of sight, out of mind" - they seldom excite interest. But when things go wrong with the air in the sewer system, they go very wrong. Consequences can be dramatic and devastating: sewer workers killed instantly by poisonous gas when they lift a sewer lid, or entire suburban blocks levelled by explosions. This book describes the atmospheric dangers commonly found in the sewer system. It provides easily-understood explanations of the science behind the hazards, combined with real-life examples of when things went dramatically wrong.

We are all just a little bit plastic. Traces of bisphenol A or BPA, a chemical used in plastics production, are widely detected in our bodies and environment. Is this chemical, and its presence in the human body, safe? What is meant by safety? Who defines it, and according to what information? "Is It Safe?" narrates how the meaning of the safety of industrial chemicals has been historically produced by breakthroughs in environmental health research, which in turn trigger contests among trade associations, lawyers, politicians, and citizen activists to set new regulatory standards. Drawing on archival research and extensive interviews, author Sarah Vogel explores the roots of the contemporary debate over the safety of BPA, and the concerns presented by its estrogen-like effects even at low doses. Ultimately, she contends that science alone cannot resolve the political and economic conflicts at play in the definition of safety. To strike a sustainable balance between the interests of commerce and public health requires recognition that powerful interests will always try to shape the criteria for defining safety, and that the agenda for environmental health research should be protected from capture by any single interest group.