The "Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology" is a comprehensive, two-volume reference guide to the properties, effects, and regulation of pesticides that provides the latest and most complete information to researchers investigating the environmental, agricultural, veterinary, and human-health impacts of pesticide use. Written by international experts from academia, government, and the private sector, the "Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology" is an in-depth examination of critical issues related to the need for, use of, and nature of chemicals used in modern pest management. This updated 3e carries on the book s tradition of serving as the definitive reference on pesticide toxicology and recognizes the seminal contribution of Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., co-Editor of the first edition.
Feature: Presents a comprehensive look at all aspects of pesticide toxicology in one reference work.
Benefit: Saves researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest definitive details on toxicity of specific pesticides as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles.

Feature: Clear exposition of hazard identification and dose response relationships in each chapter featuring pesticide agents and actions
Benefit: Connects the experimental laboratory results to real-life applications in human health, animal health and the environment.

Feature: All major classes of pesticide considered.
Benefit: Provides relevance to a wider variety of researchers who are conducting comparative work in pesticides or their health impacts.

Feature: Different routes of exposure critically evaluated.
Benefit: Connects the loop between exposure and harmful affects to those who are researching the affects of pesticides on humans or wildlife.
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In this book, the authors summarise basic and experimental knowledge on sources and toxicity of cadmium and overview mechanisms of toxicity and detoxification for various trophic aquatic organisms exposed to cadmium different routes, which will assist ecological risk assessments involving cadmium toxicity. Cadmium is known to be both extremely toxic and ubiquitous in natural environments. It exists most commonly as a trace constituent in natural ecosystems, where its natural occurrence appears to not cause harm to the environment. However, it can be mobilised by a number of processes especially human activities. Anthropogenic sources of cadmium have contributed large amounts of this potentially toxic metal to the water cycle with ultimate impacts on aquatic ecosystems.

The most concise and authoritative introduction to the principles of toxicology and how poisons affect the human body - now in full color

A Doody's Core Title ESSENTIAL PURCHASE for 2011

"Casarett & Doull's Essentials of Toxicology" is an easy-to-absorb distillation of the field's gold-standard text "Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons." Presented in full color for the first time, the book combines an accessible and engaging approach with coverage of essential introductory concepts to provide you with a solid grounding in basic and medical toxicology. Succinct, yet comprehensive, the text covers essential principles, toxicokinetics, how toxic effects are passed on to succeeding generations, how each body system responds to poisons, and the specific effects of a wide range of toxic agents - from pesticides to radiation.

Features: A complete basic overview of poisons and their clinical management Reflects the expertise of more than fifty renowned contributors A summary of important points is included at the beginning of each chapter and multiple-choice review questions appear at the conclusion Important chapters on forefront topics such as Analytic/Forensic Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, Occupational Toxicology, Air Pollution, and Ecotoxicology

Condensed Table of Contents: General Principles of Toxicology, Disposition of Toxicants, Nonorgan-Directed Toxicity, Target Organ Toxicity, Toxic Agents, Environmental Toxicology, Applications of Toxicology.

A new human in vitro anti-angiogenesis assay was established and applied to identify novel angiopreventive agents. Subsequently, two chemopreventive compounds, xanthohumol (XN) from Humulus lupulus L. (hop) and sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae), were selected for detailed investigation of their angiopreventive potential and mechanisms involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis. Representative targets included effects at the transcriptional levels of pro-angiogenic factors, anti-gelatinolytic and anti-endothelial activity. In vivo, XN was shown to exhibit a strong anti-tumour potency on human breast cancer xenografts mediated by the inhibition of tumour-induced angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest that XN and SFN represent attractive chemopreventive lead structures possessing a remarkable potential to prevent tumour development.

Formed as a word and a chemical compound in an culturally diverse Europe, calomel came to America as a solution to epidemics also imported. It grew into a primary gesture, both medical and commercial, of the healing professions. Opposition to its use, founded on experience with the effects of consuming it, took the form of song and satire that echoed faintly after the drug was forgotten.

Ingestion of arsenic in drinking water has been linked with the risk of bladder cancer, however, questions remain about the dose-response relationships, ranges in induction-latency intervals, and whether there are critical lifetime exposure periods of heightened susceptibility. This book describes how individual- level estimates of arsenic exposure are reconstructed using newly developed Space-Time Information System technology, and offers methodological approaches for evaluating temporal dynamics in the relationship between arsenic exposure and bladder cancer. Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal variability are incorporated in the assessment of lifetime exposure to arsenic. Fluid and food consumption data are joined with mobility histories and arsenic concentrations to generate a detailed lifetime assessment of arsenic exposure. These exposure estimates will be used in a population-based bladder cancer case-control study nearing completion in southeastern Michigan. This work is directed to exposure scientists, environmental epidemiologists, health geographers, GIScientists, and others interested in the links between environment, human health, and spatial technology.

This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

If you had the chance to heal and live a journey of unimaginable proportions, would you? an odyssey, not unlike Homer's Odyssey in its journey into the fantastical, or the Iliad, which deals with the truth of war in its tragedy and scope. NDMA. A corporate by-product which launches a journey of epic and fantastical proportions, the poison of the NDMA creating a sensory psychic and empath with untold knowledge, a woman who had to become secluded from the world because of her ability to feel atomic energy in the form of people's diseases and the world's pain. never before lived that brings a new understanding that will change the perceptions of 8 billion people with regard to politics, economics, medicine, religion, the environment, law and war. would change the face of life on this planet, would you?

A critical expos of the health consequences of everyday chemicals contends that human beings are now one of the most polluted species on the planet, linking common products to key health issues while challenging safety reports being issued by top chemical, pharmaceutical, and processed food companies. Reprint.

The book covers the area of 'Nanotoxicology' but primarily from the point of view of nanotoxicology at the interface with other disciplines including human toxicology; environmental toxicology; characterization, dose and transformations; regulation; public and elite group perceptions; and interactions with innovation.Nanotoxicology in Humans and the Environment is written for researchers in nanotoxicology in academia, industry, government, and research students. Given the rapid development, the maturing of the discipline and its importance in current regulation and industry development (eg REACH, TSCA), the book is very timely.

Traditional herbal medicines encompass an extremely diverse group of preparations that originate from many different cultures. In recent years, such products have become widely available commercially in developed countries, where mixtures prepared from medicinal plants have been marketed or uses that were never contemplated in the traditional healing systems from which they emerged. In many countries, herbal medicines are not subject to rigorous standards with respect to manufacturing, efficacy, quality and safety. For example, herbal remedies containing plant species of the genus Aristolochia and used in Europe for body weight loss have caused kidney disease and urothelial cancers and are now classified as carcinogenic to humans. This monograph evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of some traditional herbal medicines, Fumonisin B1, and the industrial organic chemicals naphthalene and styrene, and provides an update of the data on the carcinogenicity of aflatoxins. An Annex to the volume describes fungal sources and formation of aflatoxins in foods and feeds, and discusses practical strategies for reduction of aflatoxin levels.

This volume evaluates possible carcinogenic hazards from exposures to static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. It is the first of two IARC Monographs volumes on various kinds of non-ionizing radiation. Extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposures result from proximity to electric power transmission lines, household wiring, and electric appliances and are in addition to the exposure that results from the earth's magnetic field. Overall, extremely low frequency magnetic fields were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Static magnetic fields and static and extremely low frequency electric fields could not be classified as to carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

A comprehensive history, full of delightful anecdotes, of the types, uses, and abuses of poison. Illustrated with photographs. Sample contents: Poisons used by ancient and primitive races; Superstitions connected with poisonous plants; Some classical poisons and their histories; The Italian school of poisoners; The mystery of Amy Robsart's death; Poisons in fiction; and poison mysteries, which are details of 23 criminal poisonings.

Zinc is a common element in the natural environment. Apart from artificially reduced zinc metal, it exists in the divalent state Zn (II) in the environment and it is an essential element for most organisms. It is well known that zinc deficiency causes numerous effects in humans, including neurosensory changes, growth retardation and delayed wound healing, but most people obtain sufficient amounts of zinc from their diet to avoid these effects. On the other hand, it is reported that high doses of zinc cause gastrointestinal distress, nausea and diarrhoea.This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposures to zinc. Overall evaluation suggests that normal healthy individuals not exposed to zinc in the workplace are at potentially greater risk from the adverse effects associated with zinc deficiency than from those associated with normal environmental exposure to zinc because of its relatively low toxicity in humans and the limited sources of human exposure.

This publication seeks to provide a framework for selecting and validating biomarkers for risk assessment. Initial chapters consider the role of biomarkers in risk assessment and their validity. A biomarker is any substance, structure or process that can be measured in the body or its products, and influence or predict the incidence of outcome or disease. Biomarkers can be classified into markers of exposure, effect and susceptibility. If biomarkers are to contribute to environmental and occupational health risk assessments, they have to be relevant and valid. Relevance refers to the appropriateness of biomarkers to provide information on questions of interest and importance to public and environmental health authorities and other decision-makers. The validity of a biomarker is a function of intrinsic qualities of the biomarker and characteristics of the analytic procedures. Additionally, three broad categories of validity can be distinguished: measurement validity, internal study validity and external validity. Measurement validity is the degree to which a biomarker indicates what it purports to indicate. Internal study validity is the degree to which inferences drawn from a study actually pertain to study subjects and are true. External validity is the extent to which findings of a study can be generalized to apply to other populations. Subsequent chapters examine the validation of specific types of biomarkers and cross-species comparability. Supporting the main text are four extensive appendices covering the following subjects: 1. Biomarkers of exposure and effect for carcinogenicity 2. Biomarkers of exposure and effect for non-carcinogenic end-points 3. Measurement of drug metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms as indicators of susceptibility 4. Validation of biomarkers for environmental health research and risk assessment

Intended as a tool for use by public health officials, research and regulatory scientists and risk managers, this publication seeks to provide a scientific framework for the use and interpretation of reproductive toxicity data from human and animal studies. It also discusses emerging methodology and testing strategy in reproductive toxicity. The text focuses on approaches to assessing reproductive toxicity in males and females, including sexual dysfunction and infertility, and many aspects of developmental toxicity (following both prenatal and postnatal exposure), from conception to sexual maturation. It is an overview of the major scientific principles underlying hazard identification, testing methods and risk assessment strategies in human reproductive toxicity. It also discusses the evaluation of reproductive toxicity data in the context of the extensive risk assessment methodology that has emerged over the past 10-15 years.

Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents, four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer, and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures, phenolphthalein, and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT), an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus, is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT), zalcitabine (ddC), and didanosine (ddI), and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these, aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine, transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study, but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose.Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans, human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine, which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice, resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide, teniposide, mitoxantrone, and amsacrine. Of these, etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans, and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans, and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph, hydroxyurea, which is widely used in cancer treatment and, increasingly, in combination with didanosine in HIV infection, could not be classified.Phenolphthalein, a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns, was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.

Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposure to X- and g-radiation and to neutrons from external sources. The book opens with a general introduction to nomenclature, dosimetric methods and models in the occupational and environmental settings, the behaviour of radiation in biological tissues, and sources of human exposure. Natural background radiation is identified as by far the largest source of exposure for the world's population. The medical use of X-rays and radiopharmaceuticals constitutes the next most significant source, followed by exposure from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. The collective doses from other sources of radiation are considered much less important. The first and most monograph, on X- and g-radiation, reviews the large body of evidence arising from the extensive investigation of carcinogenic effects in humans, mainly in survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan and patients exposed to radiation for medical reasons. In both groups, an excess number of cases of leukaemia and other cancers have been observed.Irradiation during childhood increases the risk of thyroid cancer, while an increase in breast cancer risk has been observed after irradiation of pre-menopausal women. X-rays and g-rays have also been tested for carcinogenicity at various doses and under various conditions in a range of animal species. In adult animals, the incidences of leukaemia and of mammary, lung, and thyroid tumours were increased in a dose-dependent manner with both types of radiation. Prenatal exposure also gave rise to increased incidences of various types of tumours. On the basis of this evidence, the monograph concludes that X-radiation and g-radiation are carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to neutrons is evaluated in the second monograph, which concentrates on risks associated with the exposure of patients to neutron radiotherapy beams and exposures of aircraft passengers and crew. In high-altitude cities, neutrons can constitute as much as 25% of background radiation. Neutrons from various sources with wide ranges of mean energy have been tested for carcinogenicity in different animal species, and at various doses and dose rates.In adult animals, the incidences of leukaemia and ovarian, mammary, lung, and liver cancer were increased in a dose-related manner. Prenatal and parental exposure resulted in increased incidences of liver tumours in the offspring. In virtually all studies, neutrons were more effective in inducing tumours than were X-rays and g-rays when compared on the basis of absorbed dose. Although no adequate human carcinogenicity data were available for assessment, the monograph used other relevant data, including evidence of DNA damage, to reach the conclusion that neutrons are carcinogenic to humans.

Evaluates or re-evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposure to sixteen organic industrial chemicals. These included some aromatic amines (ortho-toluidine, 4-chloro-ortho-toluidine, and 5-chloro-ortho-toluidine), some ethanolamines (di- and triethanolamine and N-nitrosodiethanolamine), and three esters [di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, and cinnamyl anthranilate]. Seven of the sixteen compounds were evaluated in previous IARC Monographs and are reconsidered here in the light of new evidence. Three chemicals were classified or reclassified as probably carcinogenic to humans: ortho-toluidine, 4-chloro-ortho-toluidine, and glycidol. Four compounds, evaluated here for the first time, namely 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol, 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol, ethylbenzene, and nitromethane, were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. N-Nitrosodiethanolamine, which can readily be formed from either di- or triethanolamine in the presence of inorganic nitrite, remained classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.For eight compounds, including 5-chloro-ortho-toluidine, coumarin, pyridine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, and cinnamyl anthranilate, evidence was judged inadequate to classify these compounds according to their carcinogenicity in humans. The most extensive monograph is devoted to an evaluation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which had previously been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Using assessment criteria recently established for compounds that induce peroxisome proliferation in the liver, the evaluation downgraded DEHP to the group of compounds that cannot be classified. Two other compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and cinnamyl anthranilate, were also evaluated as not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.

This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by arsenic and arsenic compounds. Arsenic is widely distributed in the earth's crust and is emitted into the atmosphere by coal-fired power generation plants and volcanic activity. Inorganic arsenic of geological origin is found in groundwater, which is used as drinking-water in several parts of the world, e.g. Bangladesh. In these areas, drinking-water is the main source of arsenic intake, but elsewhere food is the principal source.

Evaluates the findings of close to 600 studies aimed at determining whether the health risks associated with tobacco use are enhanced by co-exposure to numerous chemical, biological, and physical agents commonly found in the workplace. Co-exposures in the domestic and general environment, which are especially important in newly industrializing countries, are also considered in this comprehensive review. Although all forms of tobacco use are covered, particular attention is given to risks arising from exposure to mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes. The book has four chapters. The first summarizes what is known about the health risks caused by tobacco use. A brief overview of the history of tobacco use is followed by a detailed explanation of the chemistry of processed tobacco and the many toxic compounds found in tobacco and in mainstream and sidestream smoke. The chapter also includes an overview of all documented acute and chronic adverse effects of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco. The second and most extensive chapter evaluates the evidence on health effects caused by interactions between tobacco smoke and asbestos, non-asbestos fibres, seven inorganic chemicals, five organic chemical agents, including ethanol, four physical agents, and seven biological agents, including two widespread infectious agents. The chapter also includes an explanation of the concept of interaction and how it can be measured, a discussion of vector effects, whereby cigarettes become contaminated with toxic chemicals in the workplace, and a review of data indicating that tobacco smoking can alter the metabolism of therapeutic drugs and other chemicals. Chapter three considers whether adverseeffects following co-exposure to tobacco smoke and other agents are separate effects or possible interactions. The report found evidence for synergism in the production of adverse effects, including cancer, between tobacco smoking and exposure to asbestos, ethanol, silica, and radiation. The report also found evidence that tobacco smoking affects the health risks of exposure in coal mining, pesticide handling, and in the rubber and petroleum industries. In addition, tobacco smoking can increase the risk of byssinosis produced by exposure to cotton dust, and nasal cancer caused by exposure to wood dusts. On the basis of this evaluation, the final chapter concludes that all possible measures should be taken to eliminate tobacco use, particularly smoking. To avoid interaction with occupational exposure and to eliminate hazards arising from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, the report concludes that smoking in the workplace should be prohibited.

Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine has become a classic text in the field of free radical and antioxidant research. Now in its fifth edition, the book has been comprehensively rewritten and updated whilst maintaining the clarity of its predecessors. Two new chapters discuss 'in vivo' and 'dietary' antioxidants, the first emphasising the role of peroxiredoxins and integrated defence mechanisms which allow useful roles for ROS, and the second containing new information on the role of fruits, vegetables, and vitamins in health and disease. This new edition also contains expanded coverage of the mechanisms of oxidative damage to lipids, DNA, and proteins (and the repair of such damage), and the roles played by reactive species in signal transduction, cell survival, death, human reproduction, defence mechanisms of animals and plants against pathogens, and other important biological events. The methodologies available to measure reactive species and oxidative damage (and their potential pitfalls) have been fully updated, as have the topics of phagocyte ROS production, NADPH oxidase enzymes, and toxicology. There is a detailed and critical evaluation of the role of free radicals and other reactive species in human diseases, especially cancer, cardiovascular, chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. New aspects of ageing are discussed in the context of the free radical theory of ageing. This book is recommended as a comprehensive introduction to the field for students, educators, clinicians, and researchers. It will also be an invaluable companion to all those interested in the role of free radicals in the life and biomedical sciences.

These attractive educational books address students' questions in areas ranging from health and well-being to responsibility.

This title is a must for every library. The no-nonsense text contains detailed information on the major types of viruses and bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Also included are detailed and easy-to-follow explanations of how to prepare and store foods, what kind of symptoms you may have, and what kind of treatments are available.