First published in 1989, this book acknowledges that new drugs, food additives and other compounds need to be carefully screened for toxic side-effects. The bulk of this study is devoted to the practical questions of 'what toxicological studies should we perform?' and 'how should we perform them?' Compounds which undergo toxicity testing may be conveniently categorised as those which are intended for administration to man and those which are not. The former include pharmaceuticals to be used medicinally or prophylactically and chemicals which are added to our food, drinks or medicine to improve their stability, appearance or palatability. Since it is on pharmaceuticals that the most comprehensive toxicological evaluations are generally performed, this book has been directed primarily towards to toxicological evaluation of potential new drugs. The principles and methodology of toxicological evaluation of other types of compounds are essentially similar.

Non-pathologists, such as toxicologists and study personnel, can find it difficult to understand the data they receive from pathologists. Toxicological pathologists write long, detailed and highly technical reports. Study personnel are under daily pressure to decide whether lesions described in pathology reports are treatment-related and thus important to the pharmaceutical company or whether the lesions are background changes and thus of little significance. Written by experienced toxicological pathologists, Pathology for Toxicologists: Principles and Practices of Laboratory Animal Pathology for Study Personnel serves to bridge the gap in the understanding of pathology data, enabling non-pathologists to more easily comprehend pathology reports, better integrate pathology data into final study reports and ask pathologists relevant questions about the test compound. This succinct, fully referenced, full colour book is suitable for toxicologists at all stages of their training or career who want to know more about the pathology encountered in laboratory animals used in safety studies. Key features include important chapters on spontaneous and target organ lesions in rats, mice, non-human primates, mini pigs, rabbits and beagle dogs as well as information on general pathology, macroscopic target organ lesions, ancillary pathology techniques, haematology, biochemistry and adversity. Pathology for Toxicologists: Principles and Practices of Laboratory Animal Pathology for Study Personnel includes: * Colour diagrams explaining how lesions are caused by either external compounds or spontaneously * The anatomic variations and background lesions of laboratory animals * Advice on sampling tissues, necropsy, ancillary pathology techniques and recording data * A chapter on the haematology and biochemistry of laboratory animals * Full colour photographs of common macroscopic lesions encountered in laboratory animals * A comprehensive glossary

"A Textbook of Modern Toxicology" is a unique resource that provides both students and practitioners with a wide-ranging, accessible overview of the discipline. Suitable for courses in environmental, pharmacological, medical, and veterinary toxicology, this essential text features chapters written by experts who address a range of key topics.

The Fourth Edition includes additional chapters on new approaches to toxicology - molecular methods (-omics: toxicogenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), bioinformatics, and systems biology - and continues the legacy of its predecessors to provide up-to-date insights into acute toxicity and chemical carcinogenesis, organ toxicity, in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing, ecological risk assessment, and many other areas of toxicology that help foster a solid comprehension of the field.

Also featured in the Fourth Edition are end-of-chapter questions and a Solutions Manual available separately for academic adopters.

This book addresses the biological effects of the reasonably large number of classes of compounds that have been recognized as endocrine disrupters. These compounds have been found to persist as pollutants in the environment, and have been blamed for causing developmental disorders and/or fertility problems in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and possibly humans. This book presents the relevant fundamentals of the endocrine systems of animals and humans, the toxicology, developmental toxicology, ecology, and risk assessment methods, and lays out the current state of understanding for the whole field, organized by the classes of compounds that have been identified as endocrine disrupters.

This book brings together key features of the toxicology and occupational hazards of pesticides and the way their use is regulated in the main trading regions of the world. There are chapters on each of the main groups of insecticides, namely organochlorines, anticholinesterases and pyrethrins and pyrethroids. The book also covers fungicides and herbicides, as well as more specialised agents such as microbial pesticides. The risks and hazards to humans are considered, both occupational and through the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. Additionally, clinical aspects of pesticide poisoning are discussed.

The possibility of harm from pesticide exposure has led to the development of national and international regulations governing the application of pesticides. The book describes the regulatory systems in three major economic areas: the North American Free Trade Area (USA, Canada and Mexico), the European Union and Japan.

This book should be of interest to all individuals working on the development and application of pesticides anywhere in the world. All those involved in the manufacture, regulation and toxicology of pesticides should also benefit from reading this book.

This book is dedicated to the multifaceted description of the crucial issue of arsenic contamination and its effect on human health. From soil to man, this book describes the several steps from arsenic speciation in rocks, water and environment in general, through the contamination of rice-based foods in infants diet, up to the devastating effects on human health. The axis soil-food-health raises more issues than ever imagined and the book is aimed at linking all the interdisciplinary aspects involved while giving a complementary interpretation of the phenomenon. Medical geology has recently emerged as a new discipline trying to explain the events with an interdisciplinary approach and to solve the related problems for human health. Far from being exhaustive, this book is aimed at briefly addressing the 'arsenic issue' and concerns for human health while presenting the different techniques employed for arsenic removal, from natural or polymeric adsorbents to biological filtration.

Clearly linked to consumption of foods, beverages, and drinking water that contain pathogenic microbes, toxins, or other toxic agents, foodborne diseases have undergone a remarkable change of fortune in recent decades, from once rare and insignificant malaises to headline-grabbing and deadly outbreaks. Unquestionably, several factors have combined to make this happen. These include a prevailing demand for the convenience of ready-to-eat or heat-and-eat manufactured food products that allow ready entry and survival of some robust, temperature-insensitive microorganisms; a drastic reduction in the costs of air, sea, and road transportation that has taken some pathogenic microorganisms to where they were absent previously; an expanding world population that has stretched the boundary of human activity; and an ageing population whose weakened immune functions provide a fertile ground for opportunistic pathogens to invade and thrive. Given the diversity of causative agents (ranging from viruses, bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, protozoa, helminthes, toxins, to toxic agents), and the ingenuity of pathogenic microbes to evolve through genetic reassortment, horizontal gene transfer, and/or random genetic mutation, it has become an enormous challenge to understand how foodborne agents are able to evade host immune defenses and induce diseases, and also to develop and apply innovative approaches for improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of foodborne diseases. Handbook of Foodborne Diseases summarizes the latest findings on more than 100 foodborne diseases and their causative agents. With contributions from international experts on foodborne pathogens, toxins, and toxic agents research, this volume provides state-of-the-art overviews on foodborne diseases in relation to their etiology, biology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Apart from offering a comprehensive textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students in food, medical, and veterinary microbiology, this volume constitutes a valuable reference on foodborne diseases for medical professionals and health authorities, and forms an informative educational resource for the general public.

This 2nd Edition is a significantly expanded exploration of hazardous chemicals, their effects on human health, and the principles of hazards materials toxicology and industrial hygiene. It includes up-to-date coverage of industrial hygiene, risk assessment, and epidemiology as well as continued coverage of medical monitoring, treatment, and management; industrial toxicology; exposure and entry routes; action of toxic substances; target organ effects; and exposure control methods. With this book, you'll learn how to understand the toxic substances present at your facility, determine how hazardous chemicals enter your site, and assess the long- and short-term effects of common workplace chemicals. You'll also learn how to protect your company and employees from the effects of toxic substances and handle industrial chemicals safely.

ndoor Air Pollution addresses the problems arising from pollutants that all too commonly contaminate the indoor environment, including biological sources such as bacteria, fungi and molds, common combustion products, radon and other sources of radiation, solvents used in industry and the home, asbestos and dust pollution. The aim is to provide a balanced account of the health risks associated with these major pollutants and to quantify the scale of the problem on a pollution-by-pollution basis. Each chapter covers exposure levels, sources of pollution, and routes of uptake, health effects, control measures, and regulatory guidelines.

This 1992 volume addresses the problems arising from pollutants that all too commonly contaminate the indoor environment, including biological sources such as bacteria, fungi and moulds, common combustion products, radon and other sources of radiation, solvents used in industry and the home, asbestos and dust pollution. The aim is to provide a balanced account of the health risks associated with these major pollutants and to quantify the scale of the problem on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis. Each chapter covers exposure levels, sources of pollution and routes of uptake, health effects, control measures, and regulatory guidelines.

The knowledge of metal ion speciation is essential for predicting the exact toxicities of metal ion species in the environment. Metal ions can exist in various oxidation states, each of which possesses different physical and chemical properties as well as exhibit varying toxicities. Often, toxicity data is unreliable because it is based on metal ion concentration measurements that fail to identify a dominant species either more or less harmful than the average. Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation provides analytical techniques and experimental methodologies for determining the concentration of the different physicochemical forms of metal ions in environmental and biological samples, leading to more accurate measurements of actual toxicity.

The authors introduce the principles of metal ion speciation and discuss important analytical techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and both electrochemical and radiochemical methods used to determine concentration and composition. They present a range of liquid chromatographic approaches, including capillary electrochromatography and high-performance, ion, ion pair, micellar electrokinetic, size exclusion, chiral, and supercritical fluid chromatographies for all metal ion species. Comprehensive in scope, the text covers the sources, distribution, toxicity, biotransformation, and biodegradation of each metal ions species as well as extraction methods, sample preparation, and experimental optimization techniques that can be useful in designing future experiments.

Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation is a unique and valuable source of reference for scientists, academics, and researchersinvolved in analytical, biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental chemistries, as well as material industries, geochemistry, agriculture, biotechnology, and occupational safety and regulations.

The monographs in this volume summarize the safety data on 11 pesticides that could leave residues in food commodities. These pesticides are aminopyralid, atrazine, azinphos methyl, lamba-cyhalothrin, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, flusilazole, procymidone, profenofos, pyrimethanil and zoxamide. The data summarized in the toxicological monographs served as the basis for the acceptable daily intakes and acute reference doses that were established by the Meeting.This volume and previous volumes of JMPR toxicological evaluations, many of which were published in the "FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper" series, contain information that is useful to companies that produce pesticides, government regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories and universities.

Written by leading research scientists, this book integrates current knowledge of toxicology and human health through coverage of environmental toxicants, genetic / epigenetic mechanisms, and carcinogenicity. Provides information on lifestyle choices that can reduce cancer risk Offers a systematic approach to identify mutagenic, developmental and reproductive toxicants Helps readers develop new animal models and tests to assess toxic impacts of mutation and cancer on human health Explains specific cellular and molecular targets of known toxicants operating through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms

Interest and information in the field of medical toxicology has grown rapidly, but there has never been a concise, authoritative reference focused on the subjects of natural substances, chemical and physical toxins, drugs of abuse, and pharmaceutical overdoses. "Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances" finally gives you an easily accessible resource for vital toxicological information on foods, plants, and animals in key areas in the natural environment.

This book offers an important reference source about the most common classes of pesticides for researchers engaged in the area of neurotoxicology, metabolism, and epidemiology. The book presents details about thorough characterization of target and non-target enzymes and proteins involved in toxicity and metabolism; and epidemiology of poisonings and fatalities in people from short- and long- term exposures to these pesticides in different occupational settings on an individual country basis as well as on a global basis. The early portion of the book deals with metabolism, mechanisms and biomonitoring of anticholinesterase pesticides, while the later part deals with epidemiological studies, regulatory issues, and therapeutic intervention.

Ibuprofen is widely used throughout the world for a variety of conditions. This reference work provides a comprehensive and critical review of the basic science and clinical aspects of the drug. The book begins with the history and development of the drug and its current patterns of use world- wide before moving on to examine its basic pharmaceutical attributes and medicinal chemistry. The properties of various formulations are described (oral prescription and OTC, topical and others) are described. The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in animals and humans is discussed - highlighting the factors affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. The clinical pharmacology and toxicology and the drug's mechanisms of action in different disease states and conditions are covered. The therapeutic uses in various acute and inflammatory conditions is detailed. Also considered are the safety versus efficacy issues and the pharmacoepidemiological data.

Histological techniques form the basis of many areas of research, yet they can often be poorly understood. Aimed at postgraduate students and those at an early stage of their career, this title provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to histological techniques. With detailed images and slides, this book provides a unique overview of the area while providing the reader with a guide to how to use and incorporate histological techniques within their own research. Written by experts working within the field, this book is an essential handbook for anyone wanting to learn more about histological methods and how to apply them successfully.

Up-to-date coverage of vanadium research--in two accessible, self-contained volumes Vanadium in the Environment brings together the contributions of leading experts on the chemical and toxicological aspects of vanadium exposure and its effects on aquatic and terrestrial environments, human health, and wildlife. This second volume focuses on health effects and toxicology in living organisms, while Part One concentrates on chemistry and biochemistry. Topics in this second volume include:

• Health effects of environmental exposure to vanadium
• toxicology of vanadium in mammals
• Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of vanadium
• Baseline vanadium levels and exposure tests in humans
• Vanadium and metabolic problems
• Vanadium and its significance in animal cell metabolism
• Hematological effects of vanadium in living organisms
• Genetic toxicology of vanadium compounds
• Vanadium and the cardiovascular system: regulatory effects and toxicity
• Oxidative stress and pro-oxidant biological effects of vanadium
• Endocrine control of vanadium accumulation
• Vanadium detoxification
• Vanadium as a new tool for cancer prevention

"Deceit and Denial" details the attempts by the chemical and lead industries to deceive Americans about the dangers that their deadly products present to workers, the public, and consumers. Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner pursued evidence steadily and relentlessly, interviewed the important players, investigated untapped sources, and uncovered a bruising story of cynical and cruel disregard for health and human rights. This resulting expose is full of startling revelations, provocative arguments, and disturbing conclusions - all based on remarkable research and information gleaned from secret industry documents. This book reveals for the first time the public relations campaign that the lead industry undertook to convince Americans to use its deadly product to paint walls, toys, furniture, and other objects in America's homes, despite a wealth of information that children were at risk for serious brain damage and death from ingesting this poison. This book highlights the immediate dangers ordinary citizens face because of the relentless failure of industrial polluters to warn, inform, and protect their workers and neighbors. It offers a historical analysis of how corporate control over scientific research has undermined the process of proving the links between toxic chemicals and disease. The authors also describe the wisdom, courage, and determination of workers and community members who continue to voice their concerns in spite of vicious opposition. Readable, ground-breaking, and revelatory, "Deceit and Denial" provides crucial answers to questions of dangerous environmental degradation, escalating corporate greed, and governmental disregard for its citizens' safety and health. After eleven years, Markowitz and Rosner update their work with a new epilogue that outlines the attempts these industries have made to undermine and create doubt about the accuracy of the information in this book.

Examines effects of the environmental distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes on human health and the ecosystem

Resistance genes are everywhere in nature--in pathogens, commensals, and environmental microorganisms. This contributed work shows how the environment plays a pivotal role in the development of antimicrobial resistance traits in bacteria and the distribution of resistant microbial species, resistant genetic material, and antibiotic compounds. Readers will discover the impact of the distribution in the environment of antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotics on both the ecosystem and human and animal health.

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment is divided into four parts:

Part I, Sources, including ecological and clinical consequences of antibiotic resistance by environmental microbes

Part II, Fate, including strategies to assess and minimize the biological risk of antibiotic resistance in the environment

Part III, Antimicrobial Substances and Resistance, including antibiotics in the aquatic environment

Part IV, Effects and Risks, including the effect of antimicrobials used for non-human purposes on human health

Recognizing the intricate links among overlapping complex systems, this book examines antimicrobial resistance using a comprehensive ecosystem approach. Moreover, the book's multidisciplinary framework applies principles of microbiology, environmental toxicology, and chemistry to assess the human and ecological risks associated with exposure to antibiotics or antibiotic resistance genes that are environmental contaminants.

Each chapter has been written by one or more leading researchers in such fields as microbiology, environmental science, ecology, and toxicology. Comprehensive reference lists at the end of all chapters serve as a gateway to the primary research in the field.

Presenting and analyzing the latest findings in a field of growing importance to human and environmental health, this text offers readers new insights into the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance development, the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant genetic elements, and the transport of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics.

Dieses Buch vereint in einzigartiger Zusammenstellung die humanmedizinisch und veterinarmedizinisch wichtigen Giftpflanzen, die uns in Haus und Natur umgeben.
In systematischer Reihenfolge werden die einzelnen Pflanzen mit Ursache und Symptomen der von ihnen ausgelosten Vergiftungen detailliert beschrieben, chemisch-pharmakologische Fakten zu den wirksamen Giften aufgefuhrt und therapeutische (Erst-)Massnahmen genannt.
Fur den praktizierenden Arzt und Tierarzt ist das Buch ein ideales Nachschlagewerk, fur den interessierten Tierbesitzer, Gartner und Floristen ein wertvoller Ratgeber und auch fur Biologen, Chemiker, Toxikologen und Apotheker eine wissenschaftlich-spannende Lekture."

The hands-on study companion for the most respected, rigorous medical toxicology text available-with 1,400 practice questions/answers Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies has long been the go-to guide for accurately diagnosing and effectively treating poisoned and overdosed patients. Now, this practical companion provides everything you need to get even more out of Goldfrank's. Study Guide for Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies provides 1,400 questions/answers for testing your knowledge-a process that increases information retention and serves as invaluable practice for board exams. Each chapter has its own question set using both general factual and case-based questions. Study Guide for Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies covers: General approach to the poisoned patient Principles of medical toxicology Clinical basis of medical toxicology Poison prevention and education Research principles Legal and forensic considerations

Das vorliegende Werk ist im Auftrage des Arztlichen Ausschusses der Deut schen Gesellschaft fiir Arbeitsschutz geschrieben worden, urn den derzeitigen Stand unserer medizinischen Kenntnisse iiber das taglich wachsende Gebiet der technischen Ltisungsmittel einheitlich zusammenzufassen. Es verfolgt den Zweck, die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen darzustellen, die notwendlg sind, urn die mit der Verwendung dieser Stoffe verbundenen mannigfaltigen. Gefahreft- fiir die menschliche Gesundheit zu erkennen und richtig zu beurteilen, und soIl davon ausgehend die Mittel und Wege zeigep., diesen Gefahren weckm. a. J3ig und wirksam zu begegnen. AuBer den experimentellen Untersuchvngen an Menschen und Tieren stiitzt es sich dabei auf die bisher vorliegenden Erfa, p gen aus der Praxis iiper gesundheitliche Schadigungen von Menschen. Der Inhalt des Buches, das ein Gegenstiick zur "Chemischen Technologie der Ltisungs mittel" von JORDAN blldet, ist ganz iiberwiegend. medizinischer Natur. Es ist aber keineswegs nur fiir den Gebrauch des Arztes geschrieben, sondern. es soIl vielmehr jedem, der irgendwie in Beriihrung mit dem hier behandeltO Gebiet kommt, ein Hilfsmittel bei seiner Arbeit sein. Die technischen Ltisungsmittel nehmen unter den gewerblichen Giften riaQh vielen Richtungen hin eine eigenartige Sonderstellung ein. Die Entwicklung' des ganzen Gebietes befindet sich noch in vollem FluB und unterliegt einem fortdauernden Wechsel. Unsere Kenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet sind nach mancher Richtung noch liickenhaft, viele Unklarheiten in der Beurteilung miissen noch eseitigt werden. Aus dieser Erkenntnis heraus wurde eine Arbeitsgemeinschaft gebildet, deren Mitgliedern bestimmte, besonders vordringlich" erscheinende Teilaufgaben zugewiesen wurden."