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Books > Medicine > Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences > Physiology > Metabolism
Fluids and Electrolytes: Essentials for Healthcare Practice is designed to give a solid understanding of fluid and electrolyte physiology and its implications for practice, including acid-base balance and intravenous (IV) therapy, in a concise and easily understandable format. Chapters incorporate physiological, developmental and practical aspects, highlighting some of the key issues that arise from childhood to old age. This accessible text is presented with clear graphical representations of key processes, numerous tables and contains interesting facts to explore some common myths about human fluid and electrolyte physiology. A valuable resource for healthcare students, this book also provides a strong comprehensive overview for practitioners, nurses, physiotherapists and paramedics.
This book brings a comprehensive treatise about obesity, examining the measures that can be taken to stop and even reduce obesity if these right measures are taken in time. Recent studies show that obesity is on the increase at an alarming rate, especially in the industrialized and affluent countries. A number of reasons have been put forward for this increase, including life style choices, over-eating, over-use of commercially processed food, addiction for fast food, high caloric diet specially containing high levels of sugar and fat, lack of exercise and sedentary life style. Also genetic make up has been associated with obesity. Obesity can lead to a variety of lethal diseases, notably coronary heart disease, cancer and diabetes. These diseases account for the highest number of human death amongst all other causes. There are also a number of other side effects associated with obesity including increased stress, loss of intelligentsia, pancreatitis, premature birth and osteoarthritis. In recent years media have been playing important roles in highlighting the lethality and damage caused by obesity, nevertheless no significant effects can be seen in the population and obesity remains on the increase, especially amongst children. The editors believe that it is important that more education, campaign and research are used to stop this increasing disease.
Nutrition plays a key role in prevention of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Diet influences a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic risk factors, notably a cluster including excess adiposity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism and high blood pressure. In the face of the rapidly increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes, maintaining cardiometabolic health through adoption of a healthy lifestyle is a top public health priority. In this book, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, international experts present state-of-the-art scholarly reviews of dietary and lifestyle effects on metabolic systems associated with cardiovascular health and disease. It covers a broad range of topics including biological and behavioral processes regulating food intake; lifestyle and surgical approaches to weight loss; nutritional considerations for optimal cardiometabolic health across the lifespan; the relationship of macronutrients, whole foods and dietary patterns to diabetes and cardiovascular disease; and diet as a modulator of gene expression, epigenetics and the gut microbiome and the relationship of these traits to disorders of metabolism. This book provides its readers with an authoritative view of the present state of knowledge of dietary effects on cardiometabolic health and will be of interest to nutrition and healthcare professionals alike.
The number of elderly patients with diabetes is increasing at a significant rate. Responding to this growth, this source serves as a solid arsenal of information on the varying presentations and challenges associated with diabetes in the geriatric patient, and supplies clearly written sections on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes in elderly populations. With contributions from renowned authorities from the national and international institutions, this reference will depict the role of specific co-morbidities, socioeconomic aspects, and caregiver issues on the effective management of diabetes in the older adult.
While nutrition is central to the management of diabetes, there is no one "diabetic diet". Nutritional prescriptions depend on the type of diabetes, food preferences, lifestyle, treatment regimen, comorbidities, state of health, and the route of caloric administration. Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is a comprehensive reference aimed at advancing physicians' knowledge of nutrition in relation to diabetes, allowing them to provide evidence-based recommendations for their diabetic patients. It also provides dietitians and diabetic educators with an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and medical treatment of diabetes. Written by scientists, clinicians, registered dietitians, and certified diabetes educators, this book reviews the molecular mechanisms of disease and drug therapy. It also provides recommendations for management with the level of evidence indicated where appropriate. In areas where little research data is available, the editors present recommendations based on extensive clinical experience. The book places particular focus on the synchronization of nutrient intake with medications, and provides unique clinical management tools, along with details of their ability to be replicated for patient use. To facilitate accessibility, it features evidence-based technical reviews of clinical literature and includes numerous tables and figures, with color photos of wound healing stages. Addressing all aspects of nutrition in adult diabetic and prediabetic patients, Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is an important referencefor those concerned with the dietary management of this disease.
Aging is loosely defined as the accumulation of changes in an organism over time. At the cellular level such changes are distinct and multidimensional: DNA replication ceases, cells stop dividing, they become senescent and eventually die. DNA metabolism and chromosomal maintenance, together with protein metabolism are critical in the aging process. The focus of this book is on the role of protein metabolism and homeostasis in aging. An overview is provided of the current knowledge in the area, including protein synthesis, accuracy and repair, post-translational modifications, degradation and turnover, and how they define and influence aging. The chapters mainly focus on well-characterised factors and pathways, but new areas are also presented, where associations with aging are just being elucidated by current experimental data. Protein turnover, the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation are carefully maintained in healthy cells. Chapters 1 and 2 illustrate that aging cells are characterised by alterations in the rate, level and accuracy of protein synthesis compared to young ones, and that mRNA translation, essential for cell growth and survival, is controlled at multiple levels. The theory that growth and somatic maintenance are believed to be antagonistic processes is described in Chapter 3: inhibition of protein synthesis results in decreased rates of growth and development, but also confers an extension of lifespan, as shown for example by the effects of dietary restriction in various models organisms.
Providing a nuanced study of the connections between sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolis, this informative book examines how circadian actions affect the liver and adipose tissue, the brain, and metabolism. This important book introduces the reader to circadian rhythms in the body and the external cues that set them, discusses on a molecular and organ level how disrupting these clocks results in metabolic and sleep disorders, and looks at the clinical applications of circadian rhythms, with a focus on sleep. The book covers a variety of important research in the field, including: The power of computational biology to uncover new nodes in the network of circadian rhythms Circadian rhythms as they relates to obesity How late-night shift conditions impair the body s ability to keep time and promote metabolic diseases and how this can be mitigated by strategic planning of feeding times The relationship between the suprachiasmatic nuclei and orexin neurons, demonstrating the elegant interplay between our biological clocks and wakefulness How sleep disorders can result from irregular circadian rhythms and potential ways to diagnose this in individuals How sleeping behaviors can disturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the repercussions of this disruption on female reproduction How disruption of sleep can be clinically beneficial for depressed patients How mental state is influenced by circadian rhythm"
This book underlines the importance of reciprocal interactions between probiotics and humans in terms of stress induction, epigenetic control of cellular responses, oxidative status, bioactive molecules biosynthesis, moonlighting proteins secretion, endogenous toxins neutralization, and several other biological functions. It explores how these responses can affect metabolism and metabolic-related disorders, gutbrain axis balance, mood, inflammatory, allergic and anti-infective reactions, cancer, and ageing. The book explores how probiotics create a dynamic and "fluid" network of signals able to control the balance between healthy and altered human status.
Within the last few years, knowledge about vitamins has increased dramatically, resulting in improved understanding of human requirements for many vitamins. This new edition of a bestseller presents comprehensive summaries that analyze the chemical, physiological, and nutritional relationships, as well as highlight newly identified functions, for all recognized vitamins. These include vitamins A, D, K, E, B6, B12, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate, choline, and ascorbic acid. Keeping the tradition of the previous volumes, the Handbook of Vitamins, Fifth Edition provides an updated, contemporary perspective on vitamins in human nutrition. Bringing together leading experts in molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology, the book contains substantial revisions in every chapter, covering vitamin metabolism, including human requirements, clinical aspects of deficiency, vitamin-dependant cell signals and gene regulation, and roles as coenzymes. The chapter on epigenetics has been updated and expanded to include novel findings about vitamins not previously considered in studies of nutrient-dependent epigenome modification. The book also contains a new chapter on genome stability, highlighting current understanding of vitamin-genome interactions in the evolution of the human genome and the functional consequences of human genetic variation. Maintaining its status as a high-quality reference, this handbook incorporates new discoveries into an updated and revised fifth edition.
This book guides readers through a wide spectrum of clinical presentations in patients with arterial hypertension and different degrees of renal impairment, ranging from asymptomatic urine abnormalities to end stage renal disease. On the basis of six case studies, the author reviews and discusses current guidelines and recommendations aimed at optimizing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach both to renal and cardiovascular risk in commonly encountered real-world clinical scenarios including challenging cases of diabetic kidney disease, ischemic nephropathy and resistant hypertension. It also explores anti-hypertensive drug combinations, including single or multiple RAAS-I, lipid lowering and antiplatelet drugs, as well as the appropriate use of glucose lowering drugs in the context of chronic kidney disease. This handy and practical book provides physicians in the area of general and internal medicine, as well as specialists in the cardiovascular, metabolic and renal fields valuable insights into optimal therapeutic targets for blood pressure and glucose control in renal patients.
This book unravels the role of Point-of-Care (POC) glucose monitoring as an essential part of diabetes management. It provides the reader with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of diabetes management, including: the need for POC glucose monitoring the glucose detection technologies (invasive, noninvasive and continuous) being used in the POC devices the analytical performance, characteristics, pros and cons of the POC devices developed to date the importance and role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring for diabetes management the various POC devices and analyzers for the determination of HbA1c. This is the first book to provide complete up-to-date information on POC glucose detection technologies and devices for diabetic monitoring and management. It will be an important reference for healthcare professionals, biomedical engineers, researchers, economists and policy makers. This book also serves as an asset and teaching aid for professionals and researchers in diabetic monitoring and management.
Tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway plays a critical role in both health and a variety of human diseases. This book highlights the known associations between kynurenine pathway and various disease states, as well as examines the current status of drug development and clinical trials of compounds known to alter tryptophan metabolism. The research plays a critical role in molecular targeted therapies directed at altering the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The initial and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism is mediated by one of two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO; predominantly in the liver, but also in the brain) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; in a host of tissues in response to immune activation). Targeting the enzymes IDO and TDO, as well as other downstream effectors would therefore be likely to generate novel treatment options that would be helpful in a wide variety of clinical settings. This book provides a unique bridge between basic mechanistic understanding of the role of the kynurenine pathway with translational applications and clinical relevance. It will explore the indications that tryptophan metabolism is a potential biomarker of disease activity, can contribute to local and possibly systemic immune suppression in cancer, and is an attractive target for which a variety of inhibitors are readily available.
Whether you are following a problem-based, an integrated or a more traditional medical course, clinical biochemistry is often viewed as one of the more challenging subjects to grasp. What you need is a single resource that not only explains the biochemical underpinnings of metabolic medicine, but also integrates laboratory findings with clinical practice. You will find all this, and more, in the eighth edition of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine. This well-respected text provides comprehensive and measured guidance to this complex area, reflecting the ongoing changes in our understanding of clinical biochemistry while preserving the acknowledged strenghths of previous editions: readability, a firm basis in the underlying science and a clear focus on clinical applicability.
Although introduction of amino acid chelates in mineral nutrition initially met considerable skepticism and controversy, the greater absorption and bioavailability of amino acid chelated minerals compared to nonchelated minerals have been well-documented for decades. Amino Acid Chelation in Human and Animal Nutrition compiles published chemical, nutritional, and clinical studies with new unpublished research. It interprets the combined data for the first time to explain why the body responds to an amino acid chelate differently than it does to inorganic metal salts. Focusing on digestion, the book follows how chelates are absorbed from the stomach and intestines into the mucosal tissue, their movement from the mucosal tissue into the blood, and uptake into tissue and organ cells. Amino Acid Chelation in Human and Animal Nutrition compares amino acid chelate absorption and metabolism and that of inorganic salts of the same minerals. This book mainly focuses on the ingestion of amino acid metal chelates as a way to optimize mineral absorption, but it also provides a fundamental discussion of chelation chemistry. The author includes his own results, as well as alternate interpretations of the results of numerous studies of animal and human amino acid mineral chelate digestion and absorption. The views published in this book are solely the author's views and do not reflect the views of his company, Albion Laboratories.
In the historical record there is abundant evidence that obesity was a medical and health concern as long as medicine has been practiced. The idea of diet and exercise are bulwarks in the fight against obesity in history from the time of Hippocrates to the 16th century--a span of 2,000 years. However, our scientific understanding of this problem is only a little over 200 years old. An examination of the root cause of what many consider the obesity epidemic, A Guide to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome traces the origins and types of obesity and its treatment. Examining in detail the developing treatment for obesity, this book provides: * A history of obesity, including treatment, proposed causes, and perceptions * An examination of the causes and problems associated with obesity * A discussion of lifestyle, diet, exercise, and treatment strategies * A detailed look at the medications and surgeries available for obesity The fact that we have an epidemic of obesity today that is covering the globe suggests that the strategically simple ideas of eating less and exercising more, ideas that require commitment and personal involvement by the individual, have not been very successful. As we move forward in trying to understand this problem, we need to be alert to strategies and tactics that may not require individual motivation and commitment--history has shown that they do not work well. This book supplies guidance on developing and designing novel strategic interventions against obesity and metabolic disorders.
The HEP issue on Metabolic Control provides a state-of the art overview over both classical concepts and emerging areas in metabolism and associated disorders. In this context, metabolic control is highlighted at various levels of complexity ranging from transcriptional mechanisms in metabolic pathway control over metabolic communication routes in physiology and pathophysiology to current treatment modalities and options in metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Dedicated chapters by leading experts in their fields provide a concise overview over important areas in metabolic research at a molecular level, including the role of the central nervous system in metabolism, inflammation and metabolism, pancreatic hormone signaling, brown adipose tissue, and therapeutic concepts.
A New Scientist Best Book of 2020 How is it that a baboon and a blob of slime mould instinctively know what to eat for optimal health, balancing their protein, fat and carb intake in perfect proportions? In new, groundbreaking research that is transforming our understanding of nutrition, animals from locusts to lions and yes, humans too, demonstrate the remarkable science behind appetite. Appetite communicates the body's nutritional needs to the brain, and eating in accordance with your body's demands, like the animals, should ensure optimal health, but the modern fast food world wreaks havoc on this evolutionarily honed system. In several landmark studies, Raubenheimer and Simpson prove that appetite can be hacked – we can eat for optimal health, for increased fertility or for a longer lifespan. Understanding the science of the appetite offers tremendous power in shaping our bodies and controlling our lives. ** Previously published as Eat Like the Animals **
Employing a uniform, easy-to-use format, Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences, Second Edition provides the most current information on the methods of vitamin analysis applicable to foods, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Highlighting the rapid advancement of vitamin assay methodology, this edition emphasizes the use of improved and sophisticated instrumentation including the recent applications and impact of the widely adopted LC-MS. Designed as a bench reference, this volume gives you the tools to make efficient and correct decisions regarding the appropriate analytical approach--saving time and effort in the lab. Each chapter is devoted to a particular vitamin and begins with a brief review of its uniqueness and its role in metabolism. The authors stress a thorough understanding of the chemistry of each compound in order to effectively analyze it and to this end provide the chemical structure and nomenclature of each vitamin, along with tabular information on spectral properties. They supply extensive insight into practical problem-solving including an awareness of the stability of vitamins and their extraction from different biological matrices. All information is heavily documented with the latest scientific papers and organized into easily read tables covering topics necessary for accurate analytical results. After presenting the chemistry and biochemistry of the vitamin, each chapter details the commonly used analytical and regulatory methods. A summary table gives at-a-glance information on many of these sources, as well as several of the AOAC International Methods. In addition the authors apply their extensive experience in the field to create a critical, interpretive review of the advanced methods of vitamin analysis with sufficient detail to be a valuable guide to cutting-edge methodology.
The biopharmaceutical industry has become an increasingly important
player in the global economy, and the success of these products
depends on the development and implementation of cost-effective,
robust and scaleable production processes. Bioseparations-also
called downstream processing- can be a key source of competitive
advantageto biopharmaceutical developers. Process Scale
Bioseparations for the Biopharmaceutical Industry brings together
scientific principles, empirical approaches, and practical
considerations for designing industrial downstream bioprocesses for
various classes of biomolecules.
That a relation exists between lipids/lipoproteins and coronary artery disease is no longer an arguable point. However, the complexities associated with this relationship, and the number of factors that can impact and alter circumstances and clinical status, are many and diverse. Consequently, this relationship continues to receive a great deal of focus from researchers. Lipid Metabolism and Health, in presenting the latest statement from those positioned on the cutting edge in this arena, provides an overview and historical perspective of the evolution of serum lipids and lipoproteins. It traces their development from a mere curiosity to their acceptance as an established and major coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor, and, ultimately, to their becoming the subject of clinical guidelines. Considerable attention is focused on the fundamentals, beginning with a chapter on basic lipidology, and progresses through such topics as lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, and the biology of atherosclerosis. Additional topics include methodologies for measuring lipoproteins, clinical strategies used to manage unhealthy lipid levels, and discussion of important influential factors such as obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, diet/nutrition, exercise, cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, and age, as well as gender, race, and other heredity factors. Qualified and recognized experts in their specific fields of study were recruited by the editors to contribute chapters. They include top researchers in, nutrition, pharmacology, exercise science, and several areas of clinical medicine including cardiology, kinesiology, and immunology. Lipid Metabolism and Health provides a usefulscientific and educational tool for researchers, clinicians, academicians, and students seeking a timely and bona fide source of information on the relationship between lipids and health.
The first comprehensive overview of an emerging field, Metabolic Medicine and Surgery introduces a new paradigm in patient management that crosses existing subspecialty boundaries. This approach is necessitated by the challenges of treating patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and prediabetes, as well as those with maldigestion, malabsorption, malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. This book teaches physicians and surgeons what they need to know about clinical nutrition, metabolism and the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. It is also applicable to those in primary care, including physicians, residents, medical students, nurses and nurse practitioners, physician assistants and dietitians who are on the front lines of treating patients with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The book is presented in four sections: 1. An Overview of Metabolic Medicine and Surgery; 2. Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance and Obesity; 3. Diseases of Undernutrition and Absorption; 4. A Nutritional Relationship to Neurological Diseases. It contains chapters from world-renowned experts who are widely published in major medical journals. The book also benefits from the contributions of clinicians with extensive experience and perspective in the field, including many who have been witness to its major developments. This book's strength lies in the cross-specialty consensus created by the collaboration of the editors and further developed by their renowned contributors. It demonstrates how medicine, surgery, therapeutics, and nutrition can be combined synergistically to impact patient outcomes. It crystallizes the efforts of a multitude of physicians and scientists trying to control the linked pandemics of obesity, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This book helps you develop comprehensive solutions to diseases afflicting vast numbers of patients worldwide.
Contains new and expanded material on antioxidants in beverages and
herbal products, nitric oxide and selenium, and the effect of
vitamin C on cardiovascular disease and of lipoic acid on aging,
hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance!
Proteins of Iron Metabolism presents a clear picture of the structure and function of the main proteins involved in iron metabolism. The book gives you a detailed description of the structure and function of each protein, and discusses the structure and regulation of the corresponding genes in parallel. It supplies an analysis of the differential expression and regulation of these proteins. |
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