This book is intended for students and professionals who are interested in the field of digital signal processing of delta-sigma modulated sequences. The overall focus is on the development of algorithms and circuits for linear, non-linear, and mixed mode processing of delta-sigma modulated pulse streams. The material presented here is directly relevant to applications in digital communication, DSP, instrumentation, and control.

The thermal processing of materials ranges from few fem to seconds by Swift Heavy Ion Implantation to about one second using advanced Rapid Thermal Annealing. This book offers after an historical excursus selected contributions on fundamental and applied aspects of thermal processing of classical elemental semiconductors and other advanced materials including nanostructures with novel optoelectronic, magnetic, and superconducting properties. Special emphasis is given on the diffusion and segregation of impurity atoms during thermal treatment. A broad range of examples describes the solid phase and/or liquid phase processing of elemental and compound semiconductors, dielectric composites and organic materials.

This textbook, based on the authors' class-tested material, is accessible to students at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level in physics and engineering. While its primary function is didactic, this book's comprehensive choice of topics and its clear and authoritative synthesis of ideas make it a useful reference for researchers, device engineers, and course instructors who wish to consolidate their knowledge of this field. The book takes the semi-classical approach where light is treated as a wave in accordance with the classical Maxwell equations, while matter is governed by quantum theory. It begins by introducing the postulates and mathematical framework of quantum theory, followed by the formalism of the density matrix which allows the transition from microscopic (quantum) quantities to macroscopic (classical) ones. Consequently, the equations describing the reaction of matter to the electromagnetic field in the form of polarization, magnetization, and current are derived. These equations (together with the Maxwell equations) form the complete system of equations sufficient to model a wide class of problems surrounding linear and nonlinear interactions of electromagnetic fields with matter. The nonlinear character of the governing equations determines parameters of the steady-state mode of the quantum generator and is also demonstrated in harmonic generation via propagation of laser radiation in various media. The touchstone description of magnetic phenomena will be of interest to scientists who deal with applications of magneto-resonance phenomena in biology and medicine. Other advanced topics covered include electric dipole transitions, magnetic dipole transitions, plasma transitions, and the devices that can be based on these and other electro-optical and nonlinear-optical systems. This textbook features numerous exercises, some of which are investigatory and some of which require computational solutions.

This practical resource offers a thorough examination of RF transceiver design for MIMO communications. Offering a practical view on MIMO wireless systems, this book extends fundamental concepts on classic wireless transceiver design techniques to MIMO transceivers. This helps reader gain a very comprehensive understanding of the subject. This in-depth volume describes many theoretical and implementation challenges on MIMO transceivers and provides the practical solutions for these issues. This comprehensive book provides thorough descriptions of MIMO theoretical concepts, MIMO single carrier and OFDM modulation, RF transceiver design concepts, power amplifier, MIMO transmitter design techniques and their RF impairments, MIMO receiver design methods, RF impairments study including nonlinearity, DC-offset, I/Q imbalance and phase noise and their compensation in OFDM and MIMO techniques. In addition, it provides the most practical techniques to realize RF front-ends in MIMO systems. This book is supported with many design equations and illustrations. The first book dedicated to RF Transceiver design for MIMO systems, this volume serves as a current, one-stop guide offering you cost-effective solutions for your challenging projects in the field.

MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) for RF (radio frequency)/wireless applications is the technological engine enabling the next wave in even smaller, more sophisticated wireless products than those in use right now. MEMS is an exciting young technology and this is the first comprehensive book to address the design of RF MEMS-based circuits for use in high performance wireless systems. This groundbreaking book enables professionals to understand the realm of applications of RF MEMS technology; become knowledgeable of the wide variety and performance levels of RF MEMS devices; and design the architecture of wireless systems to achieve greater system performance with lower power requirements.

This timely volume covers issues and topics in a systematic way that quickly brings engineers up to speed with this technology. What's more, the book features exercises and detailed case studies on working RF MEMS circuits that will help practitioners decide what approaches best fit their design constraints.

This book captures cutting-edge research in semiconductor quantum dot devices, discussing preparation methods and properties, and providing a comprehensive overview of their optoelectronic applications. Quantum dots (QDs), with particle sizes in the nanometer range, have unique electronic and optical properties. They have the potential to open an avenue for next-generation optoelectronic methods and devices, such as lasers, biomarker assays, field effect transistors, LEDs, photodetectors, and solar concentrators. By bringing together leaders in the various application areas, this book is both a comprehensive introduction to different kinds of QDs with unique physical properties as well as their preparation routes, and a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances in a novel area of nanotechnology.

These proceedings comprise invited papers from highly experienced researchers in THz technology and security applications. THz detection of explosives represents one of the most appealing technologies to have recently emerged in dealing with terrorist attacks encountered by civil security and military forces throughout the world. Discussed are the most advanced technologies and developments, the various points of operational strength and weaknesses as well as are suggestions and predictions the best technological solutions to overcome current operational limits.The current status of various levels of cooling in THz detectors, sources and associated electronics are also addressed. The goal was to provide a clear view on the current technologies available and the required advances needed in order to achieve more efficient systems. This goal was outlined in part by establishing the baseline of current uncertainty estimations in physics-based modelling and the identification of key areas which require additional research and development.

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Photodynamic Therapy: From Theory to Application brings attention to an exceptional treatment strategy, which until now has not achieved the recognition and breadth of applications it deserves. The authors, all experts and pioneers in their field, discuss the history and basic principles of PDT, as well as the fundamentals of the theory, methods, and instrumentation of clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Non-oncological applications such as the use of PDT in control of parasites and noxious insects are also discussed. This book serves as a standard reference for researchers and students at all levels, clinical specialists interested in the topic and those in industry exploring new areas for development. A comprehensive exposition of both the theory and application of PDT, this book fills the gaps in the current literature by bringing together both basic understanding of the process of PDT and an expanded vision of its applications.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a pervasive issue in the semiconductor industry affecting both manufacturers and users of semiconductors. The problem worsens with each new generation of parts and components. As technology scales to higher levels of integration, circuits become more sensitive to ESD and the design of protection becomes more difficult. ESD Design and Analysis Handbook presents an overview of ESD as it effects electronic circuits and provides a concise introduction for students, engineers, circuit designers and failure analysts. This handbook is written in simple terms and is filled with practical advice and examples to illustrate the concepts presented.
While this treatment is not exhaustive, it presents many of the most important areas of the ESD problem and suggests methods for improving them. The key topics covered include the physics of the event, failure analysis, protection, characterization, and simulation techniques. The book is intended as both an introductory text on ESD and a useful reference tool to draw on as the reader gains experience. The authors have tried to balance the level of detail in the ESD Design and Analysis Handbook against the wealth of literature published on ESD every year. To that end, each chapter has a topical list of references to facilitate further in-depth study.

A gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWT) with the high-power and broad-band capabilities is considered as a turn-on key for next generation high-resolution radar. The book presents the most advanced theory, methods and physics in a gyro-TWT. The most challenging problem of instability competition has been for the first time addressed in a focused and systematic way and reported via concise states and vivid pictures. The book is likely to meet the interest of researchers and engineers in radar and microwave technology, who would like to study the gyro-TWTs and to promote its application in millimeter-wave radars.

Chao-Hai Du and Pu-Kun Liu are both professors at Peking University.

Laser heterodyning is now a widespread optical technique, based on interference of two waves with slightly different frequencies within the sensitive area of a photo-detector. Its unique feature preserving phase information about optical wave in the electrical signal of the photo-detector finds numerous applications in various domains of applied optics and optoelectronics: in spectroscopy, polarimetry, radiometry, laser radars and lidars, microscopy and other areas. The reader may be surprised by the variety of disciplines that this book covers and satisfied by detailed explanation of the phenomena. Very well illustrated, this book will be helpful for researches, postgraduates and students, working in applied optics.

This book investigates new enabling technologies for Fi-Wi convergence. The editors discuss Fi-Wi technologies at the three major network levels involved in the path towards convergence: system level, network architecture level, and network management level. The main topics will be: a. At system level: Radio over Fiber (digitalized vs. analogic, standardization, E-band and beyond) and 5G wireless technologies; b. Network architecture level: NGPON, WDM-PON, BBU Hotelling, Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs), HetNets. c. Network management level: SDN for convergence, Next-generation Point-of-Presence, Wi-Fi LTE Handover, Cooperative MultiPoint.

"Must reading" for every microwave and communications systems engineer, this first-of-its-kind book provides an excellent overview of coupled line fundamentals and explains their applications in designing microwave and millimeter-wave components used in today's personal communication, audio/visual, microwave, radar, satellite communications, and other systems.

This unique book provides you with a thorough understanding of stripline, microstrip, monolithic, and coplanar technologies. Emphasizing design, analysis, and modern fabrication techniques and practices, it provides invaluable knowledge and guidance in helping you develop compact and low-cost design solutions and components such as loose and tight couplers, filters, hybrids, transformers, and baluns.

Featuring more than 400 design equations, this comprehensive book serves as a consolidated resource of classic and cutting-edge information on coupled structures and will surely prove to be one of the most relied-upon resources for microwave circuit design engineers, researchers, and students.

This book takes a pragmatic approach to deploying state-of-the-art optical networking equipment in metro-core and backbone networks. The book is oriented towards practical implementation of optical network design. Algorithms and methodologies related to routing, regeneration, wavelength assignment, sub rate-traffic grooming and protection are presented, with an emphasis on optical-bypass-enabled (or all-optical) networks. The author has emphasized the economics of optical networking, with a full chapter of economic studies that offer guidelines as to when and how optical-bypass technology should be deployed. This new edition contains: new chapter on dynamic optical networking and a new chapter on flexible/elastic optical networks. Expanded coverage of new physical-layer technology (e.g., coherent detection) and its impact on network design and enhanced coverage of ROADM architectures and properties, including colorless, directionless, contentionless and gridless. Covers 'hot' topics, such as Software Defined Networking and energy efficiency, algorithmic advancements and techniques, especially in the area of impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment. Provides more illustrative examples of concepts are provided, using three reference networks (the topology files for the networks are provided on a web site, for further studies by the reader). Also exercises have been added at the end of the chapters to enhance the book's utility as a course textbook.

This book is the result of the contributions coming from the more than thirty key rd speakers of the 3 international Workshop on Nonlinear Microwave Magnetics held in th Roma, Italy from the 3rd to the 6 of October 1995. Since the 1990, in Ulyanovsk, when the Russian Academy of Sciences promoted the first Workshop of the series, the basic idea was to have a sort of Institutional Meeting collecting Scientists of the Magnetics Community devoted to Spin Wave Electronics at Microwave Frequencies. It was a succesful organization, and the birth of an effective interaction between eastern and western researchers overcame the meaning of the Workshop itself. Three years later, in Irvine, California, 1993, the Spin Wave Community was joined again. It was clear that the growing interest on hot topics of Nonlinear Microwave Magnetics involving both, applicative and fundamental aspects of microwave magnetic media, favoured the organization of further meetings on the same subject. So far, during the social dinner, in the middle between a serious proposal and the joke encouraged by the Californian Wine, Roma was proposed as the third place for the Workshop. Day after day, the joke became serious, and it was possible to solve the financial and logistic problems in time for the predicted deadline.

This book introduces key modulation and predistortion techniques for approaching power and spectrum-efficient transmission for wireless communication systems. The book presents a combination of theoretical principles, practical implementations, and actual tests. It focuses on power and spectrally efficient modulation and transmission techniques in the portable wireless communication systems, and introduces currently developed and designed RF transceivers in the latest wireless markets. Most materials, design examples, and design strategies used are based on the author's two decades of work in the digital communication fields, especially in the areas of the digital modulations, demodulations, digital signal processing, and linearization of power amplifiers. The applications of these practical products and equipment cover the satellite communications on earth station systems, microwave communication systems, 2G GSM and 3G WCDMA mobile communication systems, and 802.11 WLAN systems.>

"Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks" covers optical networks and how they can be used to provide high bandwidth, energy efficient interconnects for future data centers with increased communication bandwidth requirements. This contributed volume presents an integrated view of the future requirements of the data centers and serves as a reference work for some of the most advanced solutions that have been proposed by major universities and companies.

Collecting the most recent and innovative optical interconnects for data center networks that have been presented in the research community by universities and industries, this book is a valuable reference to researchers, students, professors and engineers interested in the domain of high performance interconnects and data center networks. Additionally, "Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks" provides invaluable insights into the benefits and advantages of optical interconnects and how they can be a promising alternative for future data center networks. "

This book is dedicated to the adoption of broadband microwave reflectometry (BMR)-based methods for diagnostics and monitoring applications. This electromagnetic technique has established as a powerful tool for monitoring purposes; in fact, it can balance several contrasting requirements, such as the versatility of the system, low implementation cost, real-time response, possibility of remote control, reliability, and adequate measurement accuracy. Starting from an extensive survey of the state of the art and from a clear and concise overview of the theoretical background, throughout the book, the different approaches of BMR are considered (i.e., time domain reflectometry - TDR, frequency domain reflectometry - FDR, and the TDR/FDR combined approach) and several applications are thoroughly investigated. The applications considered herein are very diverse from each other and cover different fields. In all the described procedures and methods, the ultimate goal is to endow them with a significant performance enhancement in terms of measurement accuracy, low cost, versatility, and practical implementation possibility, so as to unlock the strong potential of BMR.

This book presents an overview of the most recent advances in nonlinear science. It provides a unified view of nonlinear properties in many different systems and highlights many new developments. While volume 1 concentrates on mathematical theory and computational techniques and challenges, which are essential for the study of nonlinear science, this second volume deals with nonlinear excitations in several fields. These excitations can be localized and transport energy and matter in the form of breathers, solitons, kinks or quodons with very different characteristics, which are discussed in the book. They can also transport electric charge, in which case they are known as polarobreathers or solectrons. Nonlinear excitations can influence function and structure in biology, as for example, protein folding. In crystals and other condensed matter, they can modify transport properties, reaction kinetics and interact with defects. There are also engineering applications in electric lattices, Josephson junction arrays, waveguide arrays, photonic crystals and optical fibers. Nonlinear excitations are inherent to Bose-Einstein Condensates, constituting an excellent benchmark for testing their properties and providing a pathway for future discoveries in fundamental physics.

This book focus on Long Term Evolution (LTE) and beyond. The chapters describe different aspects of research and development in LTE, LTE-Advanced (4G systems) and LTE-450 MHz such as telecommunications regulatory framework, voice over LTE, link adaptation, power control, interference mitigation mechanisms, performance evaluation for different types of antennas, cognitive mesh network, integration of LTE network and satellite, test environment, power amplifiers and so on. It is useful for researchers in the field of mobile communications.

Throughout its history, popular mass-mediated culture has turned its attention to representing and interrogating organizational life. As early as Charlie Chaplin's cinematic classic Modern Times and as recently as the primetime television hit The Simpsons, we see cultural products that engage reflexively in coming to terms with the meaning of work, technology and workplace relations. It is only since the late 1990s, however, that those who research management and organizations have come to collectively dwell on the relationship between organizations and popular culture - a relationship where the cultural meanings of work are articulated in popular culture, and where popular culture challenges taken for granted knowledge about the structure and practice work. Key to this development has been the journal Culture and Organization - a journal that has been centre stage in creating new vistas through which the 'cultural studies of organization' can be explored. This book brings together the journal's best contributions which specifically address how popular culture represents, informs and potentially transforms organizational practice. Featuring contributors from the UK, USA, Europe and Australia, this exciting anthology provides a comprehensive review of research in organization and popular culture.

Provides a comprehensive guide to measurements with lasers Examines the design of optical and laser-based instruments Reviews the development of measurement strategies Includes two new chapters on self-mixing interferometry and quantum sensing Includes end of chapter problems

In the last decade, optically functionalized materials have developed rapidly, from bulk matters to structured forms. Now we have a rich variety of attractive advanced materials. They are applied to optical and electrical devices that support the information communication technology in the mid 21-th century. Accordingly, it is quite important to have a broad knowledge of the optical properties of advanced materials for students, scientists and engineers working in optics and related fields. This book is designed to teach fundamental optical properties of such advanced materials effectively. These materials have their own peculiarities which are very interesting in modern optical physics and also for applications because the concepts of optical properties are quite different from those in conventional optical materials. Hence each chapter starts to review the basic concepts of the materials briefly and proceeds to the practical use. The important topics covered in this book include: quantum structures of semiconductors, spintronics, photonic crystals, surface plasmons in metallic nanostructures, photonic metamaterials, liquid crystal materials, organic LED materials and magnet-optics.

Novel Technologies for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications provides an overview of current research status in selected field, to facilitate a learning process from concepts to practices, from component design to system architecture, and from small scale to large scale. Each chapter focuses on a topic and is organized to be self-sufficient. Contents in each chapter include concise description of relevant background information, major issues, current trend and future challenges. Useful references are also listed for further reading. Novel Technologies for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications is suitable as a textbook for senior or graduate courses in microwave engineering.

Readily available commercial software enables engineers and students to perform routine calculations and design without necessarily having a sufficient conceptual understanding of the anticipated solution. The software is so user-friendly that it usually produces a beautiful colored visualization of that solution, often camouflaging the fact that the program is executing the wrong simulation of the physical problem. Electromagnetic Waves, Materials, and Computation with MATLAB (R) takes an integrative modern approach to the subject of electromagnetic analysis by supplementing quintessential "old school" information and methods with instruction in the use of newer commercial software such as MATLAB and methods including FDTD. Delving into the electromagnetics of bounded simple media, equations of complex media, and computation, this text includes: Appendices that cover a wide range of associated issues and techniques A concluding section containing an array of problems, quizzes, and examinations A downloadable component for instructors including PowerPoint (TM) slides, solutions to problems, and more Striking a balance between theoretical and practical aspects, internationally recognized expert Dikshitulu Kalluri clearly illustrates how intuitive approximate solutions are derived. Providing case studies and practical examples throughout, he examines the role of commercial software in this process, also covering interpretation of findings. Kalluri's extensive experience teaching this subject enables him to streamline and convey material in a way that helps readers master conceptual mathematical aspects. This gives them confidence in their ability to use high-level software to write code, but it also ensures that they will never be solely dependent on such programs.