Community-based primary care physicians are routinely challenged as they stabilize, evaluate, and care for term and late-preterm neonates. Although there have been many spectacular advances in care of neonates, the challenges and successes of caring for the most preterm, very low birth-weight newborns seem to dominate presentations and the Pediatric literature. This issue concentrates on the current evidence and the collected experience of neonatologists regarding the basics of caring for the vast majority of newborns. The newest recommendations of multiple organizations (including the AAP) are presented, including the rationale for each recommendation as well as controversial issues. The individual articles will provide the primary care provider with a comprehensive foundation for care of the neonate.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Drs. Sangam Kanekar and Sarah Sarvis Milla bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Advances in Imaging of the Fetus and Newborn. Top experts in the field provide important imaging updates to perinatologists and neonatologists who provide care to fetal, preterm, and newborn infants, helping them optimize outcomes and support families as they make decisions about clinical care, treatment, and postnatal care of affected babies. Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including fetal MRI neuroradiology: indications, safety, and normal anatomy; neuroimaging of the premature infant; imaging of abusive head trauma in infancy; intrauterine and perinatal infections; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on advances in imaging of the fetus and newborn, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Akhil Maheshwari and Jonathan R. Swanson bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Neonatal and Perinatal Nutrition. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as nutritional assessment, genomics and nutrient needs, lipids and fatty acids, glucose homeostasis, and more. Contains 16 relevant, practice-oriented topics including maternal nutrition and fetal/infant development; infant nutrition in the developing world; short bowel syndrome and motility; malabsorption syndromes and food intolerance; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on neonatal and perinatal nutrition, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

LEARN–APPLY–ASSESS Text An expertly designed, balanced presentation of evidence-based nursing care that meets the needs of today’s students and instructors in person, online, or hybrid for combination or separate courses. A unique emphasis on optimizing outcomes, evidence-based practice, compassionate care, and research supporting the goal of caring for women, families and children in in traditional and community settings. A thematic organization reflects the state-of-the-art in nursing today through ‘Holistic Care,’ ‘Critical Thinking,’ ‘Validating Practice,’ and ‘Tools of Care,’ each with special features to foster the development of the skills and clinical judgment integral to the delivery of quality nursing care. Davis Advantage (Personalized Learning, Clinical Judgment, and Quizzing) Personalized Learning engages students through videos and interactive activities that present key concepts in a way that makes content more relatable and understandable. 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A unique emphasis on optimizing outcomes, evidence-based practice, and research supports the goal of caring for women, families, and children, not only in traditional hospital settings, but also wherever they live, work, study, or play. Clear, concise, and easy to follow, the content is organized around four major themes, holistic care, critical thinking, validating practice, and tools for care that help students to learn and apply the material. ONLINE (DAVIS ADVANTAGE) Using a unique and proven approach across a Learn-Apply-Assess continuum, Davis Advantage engages students and helps them make the connections to key topics. Whether teaching in-person or online, this complete, integrated solution aligns seamlessly with the textbook and equips instructors with actionable analytics to track students’ progress, remediate where needed, and facilitate an active learning environment. LEARN—Personalized Learning The foundation of the Davis Advantage platform, Personalized Learning, immerses students in an online learning experience tailored to their needs. Students are assessed on their comprehension of key topics from the text, and then are guided through animated mini-lecture videos and dynamic activities to reinforce learning and bring concepts to life. APPLY—Clinical Judgment Clinical Judgment develops students’ critical thinking and clinical reasoning, helping them to build the clinical judgment skills they need to practice safe and effective nursing care and to prepare for the Next Generation NCLEX® with confidence. Progressive case studies featuring real-life, complex clinical situations challenge students to apply knowledge, make informed decisions, and evaluate outcomes. ASSESS—Quizzing Quizzing uses NCLEX®-style questions for assessment and remediation. 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Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management systematically examines the normal and abnormal endocrinology of the pregnant and lactating female and of the fetus and neonate. This reference volume expands coverage of specific disorders and diseases beyond the current endocrinology content on the market, which in most cases has a paragraph or no mention at all about pregnancy or aspects of fetal/neonatal development.

Neonatal monitoring refers to the monitoring of vital physiological parameters of premature infants and full-term infants that are critically ill. In the last decades, several important treatment modalities emerged that had a substantial impact on the mortality of prematurely born infants. However, there is a concomitant increase of neurobehavioral problems on long-term follow-up. Neonatal Monitoring Technologies: Design for Integrated Solutions presents a unique integration of knowledge from multidisciplinary fields of engineering, industrial design, and medical science for the healthcare of a specific user group. This comprehensive collection will support audiences ranging from clinical and medical professionals, academic researchers and students, technical professionals and managers, and policymakers of different sectors.

With collaboration of Consulting Editor, Dr. Lucky Jain, Drs. Adams Chapman and DeMauro have put together a state-of-the art issue devoted to long-term outcomes for the NICU graduate. Top authors in the field provide clinical reviews in the following areas: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Early Childhood; Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at School Age and Adult Outcomes; Behavioral Sequela of Prematurity; Changing Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy in Extremely Preterm Infants; Medical Morbidity and its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcome; NEC and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes; Biological and Social Influences Over Time/Chronic lung disease and neurodevelopmental outcomes; Intracranial hemorrhage and neurodevelopmental outcomes; Public health implications of extremely preterm birth: What are we measuring; Looking beyond neurodevelopmental impairment; Long-Term Functioning and Participation Across the Life Course for NICU Graduates; Early diagnosis of treatment of CP; Psychiatric Sequelae of Prematurity and Prevention of prematurity. Readers will come away with the information they need to imporove outcomes for the NICU infant.

Along with Consulting Editor, Dr. Lucky Jain, Dr. Goudy has created a current issue that looks at ENT issues with newborns. Expert authors from top institutions have submitted clinical reviews on the following topics: Airway anomalies; Fetal evaluation and airway management; Hearing loss and failed NBHS; Aspiration and dysphagia in the new born; Cleft lip and palate; Microtia and facial anomalies; Cranial synostosis; Pierre Robin sequence; Vascular malformations; Choanal atresia and other nasal masses; Congenital neck masses; Subglottic stenosis; Tracheostomy in the newborn; and Stridor. Readers will come away with the information they need to make informed clinical decisions to improve patient outcomes.

Experts in the field of minimally invasive surgery have come together to provide the most up-to-date clinical review of the topic. The Guest Editors have created an issue with comprehensive coverage of relevant topics in the field, with articles devoted to the following: Fetal Surgery; Robotics; NOTES; Minimally Invasive PDA Ligation; CDH/Eventration Esophageal Atresia/TEF; Thoracic lesions: Congenital Lung Lesions; Hepato-Biliary surgery Fundoplication/g-tube; Hernia; Hirschsprung's Disease; Imperforate Anus; and Minimally Invasive Urology. Readers will come away with the clinical infomration they need to help inform them as they utilize the most current technologies and minimally invasive techniques in the neonatal patient.

Dr. Mimouni and Dr. Koletzko have assembled some of the world's leaders on breast milk for preterm infants to provide a current overview of the benefits and barriers. Authors address the following topics: Preterm human milk macronutrient composition; Bed-side human milk analysis in the NICU; Human milk fortification; DHA supplements; Potential benefits of bioactive proteins in human milk for preterm infants; New insights into variations of metabolite and hormone contents in human milk; Immune properties of human milk in relation to preterm infant feeding; Human milk oligosaccharides; Treatment and quality of banked human milk; Use of donor milk: collection, storage and safety; Postnatal CMV infection through human milk in preterm infants: Transmission, clinical presentation, and prevention; NEC and human milk feeding; Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed human milk; Evidence-based methods that promote human milk feeding of preterm infants; and Human flavor learning: the breastfeeding experience. Lactiation consultants, NICU nurses, and neonatologists will find these clinical review articles to be very valuable.

This second edition offers an expanded and updated history of the field of fetal and neonatal development, allowing readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the biological aspects that contribute to the wellbeing or pathophysiology of newborns. In this concluding opus of a long and prominent career as a clinical scientist, Dr. Longo has invited new contributions from noted colleagues with expertise in various fields to provide a historical perspective on the impact of how modern concepts emerged in the field of fetal physiology and contributed to the current attention paid to the fetal origins of diseases in adults. In addition to new chapters on maternal physiology and complications during pregnancy, others trace the history of the Society for Reproductive Investigation, governmental funding of perinatal research, and major initiatives to support training in the new discipline of maternal fetal medicine, including the Reproductive Scientist Development program. The extensive survey provided by the author, who personally knew most of the pioneers in the field, offers a unique guide for all clinical and basic scientists interested in the history of - and future approaches to diagnosing and treating - pathologies that represent the leading causes of neonatal mortality and, far too often, life-long morbidity.

Preterm neonates remain at increased risk for adverse bilirubin-related outcomes, including acute bilirubin encephalopathy relative to term infants. Yet, most vulnerable neonates are likely benefit form the potent anti-oxidant properties of bilirubin. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants, however, are lacking. High concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin can cause permanent neurologic damage in infants, evident through magnetic resonance imaging of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. There is a growing concern that exposures to even moderate concentrations of bilirubin may lead to subtle but permanent neurodevelopmental impairment referred to as bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction. Our current use of phototherapy to decrease bilirubin loads and its potential photo-oxidant properties is a biological conundrum that has been questioned in the use of phototherapy for very low birth weight neonates. In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, we provide updates on the current understanding of the biology, mechanisms of increasing bilirubin load due to hemolysis, decreased bilirubin binding capacity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, as well as clinical strategies to operationalize the thresholds for hyperbilirubinemia interventions in preterm infants.

The impact of cardiovascular disease on an infant extends from the fetal period to well beyond childhood. Perinatalogists and neonatologists can impact maternal and fetal health through wide range of diagnostic modalities and interventional techniques. For our edition focused on cardiovascular health, we sought to encompass the breadth of knowledge that would be the most relevant for the bed side clinician. Our goal was to assemble contents that would allow a clinician to quickly peruse the journal, and then be prepared to make a medical decision. The interaction between cardiology and perinatology/neonatology includes genetics, diagnostics, interventions, counseling, routine stabilization and day to day care. Ultimately, the goal is to establish the foundation for a healthy adult. For this reason, we have even included chapters on topics that are significant on a day to day basis (such as the proper environment for a newborn) and a long term basis (like the overall neurodevelopmental impact of our interventions). Hopefully, whether in the middle of the night as an emergency reference or during the day as a reliable guide, this edition of Clinics in perinatology will be an important bedside tool for anyone that participates in the care of a patient with perinatal heart disease.

The Year Book of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in perinatology, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to the clinical management of your patients. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed! Chapters include The Fetus; Genetatics and Teratology; Respiratory Disorders; Infectious Diseases and Immunology; Cardiovascular System; Gastrointestinal Health and Nutrition; and Hematology, to name a few.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants has been recognized for more than 45 years. However, little progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of the disease. BPD continues to be a major morbidity affecting preterm infants. Studies in pre-adolescent children demonstrate that the abnormal lung function from BPD persists well into childhood. Infants with BPD also have an increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Thus BPD imposes a significant burden of adverse health outcomes in preterm infants. The major risk factors for BPD are prematurity, mechanical ventilation, exposure to noxious insults such as oxygen, infections. New research data both in basic science and clinical studies have shed light on the pathogenesis, and possible new treatment or management strategies for the future. In the proposed issue of the Clinics in Perinatology, we would like to comprehensively cover BPD both from a basic science and clinical perspective. Our attempt is to balance new information along with classic topics. The proposed authors for the issue are recognized experts in the topic area/s. We hope that the issue will be of interest to a broad array of readership.

Recent advances in neonatal hematology, largely made by the authors of these chapters, are likely to generate wide spread and long-term improvements in outcomes, as well as reductions in costs of care. Publication of these advances in a single volume will facilitate dissemination of these techniques and practices. The advances include neuroprotection from erythropoietic stimulators, improved guidelines for platelet transfusions, evidence-based guidelines for FFP administration, improved diagnostic methods for genetic causes of severe neonatal jaundice, more accurate definitions of hematological perturbations in necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis, and reduction in transfusions and in IVH rates by cord milking/delayed clamping.