This thesis is a tour-de-force combination of analytic and computational results clarifying and resolving important questions about the nature of quantum phase transitions in one- and two-dimensional magnetic systems. The author presents a comprehensive study of a low-dimensional spin-half quantum antiferromagnet (the J-Q model) in the presence of a magnetic field in both one and two dimensions, demonstrating the causes of metamagnetism in such systems and providing direct evidence of fractionalized excitations near the deconfined quantum critical point. In addition to describing significant new research results, this thesis also provides the non-expert with a clear understanding of the nature and importance of computational physics and its role in condensed matter physics as well as the nature of phase transitions, both classical and quantum. It also contains an elegant and detailed but accessible summary of the methods used in the thesis-exact diagonalization, Monte Carlo, quantum Monte Carlo and the stochastic series expansion-that will serve as a valuable pedagogical introduction to students beginning in this field.

This introductory and self-contained book gathers as much explicit mathematical results on the linear-elastic and heat-conduction solutions in the neighborhood of singular points in two-dimensional domains, and singular edges and vertices in three-dimensional domains. These are presented in an engineering terminology for practical usage. The author treats the mathematical formulations from an engineering viewpoint and presents high-order finite-element methods for the computation of singular solutions in isotropic and anisotropic materials, and multi-material interfaces. The proper interpretation of the results in engineering practice is advocated, so that the computed data can be correlated to experimental observations. The book is divided into fourteen chapters, each containing several sections. Most of it (the first nine Chapters) addresses two-dimensional domains, where only singular points exist. The solution in a vicinity of these points admits an asymptotic expansion composed of eigenpairs and associated generalized flux/stress intensity factors (GFIFs/GSIFs), which are being computed analytically when possible or by finite element methods otherwise. Singular points associated with weakly coupled thermoelasticity in the vicinity of singularities are also addressed and thermal GSIFs are computed. The computed data is important in engineering practice for predicting failure initiation in brittle material on a daily basis. Several failure laws for two-dimensional domains with V-notches are presented and their validity is examined by comparison to experimental observations. A sufficient simple and reliable condition for predicting failure initiation (crack formation) in micron level electronic devices, involving singular points, is still a topic of active research and interest, and is addressed herein. Explicit singular solutions in the vicinity of vertices and edges in three-dimensional domains are provided in the remaining five chapters. New methods for the computation of generalized edge flux/stress intensity functions along singular edges are presented and demonstrated by several example problems from the field of fracture mechanics; including anisotropic domains and bimaterial interfaces. Circular edges are also presented and the author concludes with some remarks on open questions. This well illustrated book will appeal to both applied mathematicians and engineers working in the field of fracture mechanics and singularities.

This authoritative volume in honor of Alain Connes, the foremost architect of Noncommutative Geometry, presents the state-of-the art in the subject. The book features an amalgam of invited survey and research papers that will no doubt be accessed, read, and referred to, for several decades to come. The pertinence and potency of new concepts and methods are concretely illustrated in each contribution. Much of the content is a direct outgrowth of the Noncommutative Geometry conference, held March 23-April 7, 2017, in Shanghai, China. The conference covered the latest research and future areas of potential exploration surrounding topology and physics, number theory, as well as index theory and its ramifications in geometry.

This book discusses numerical methods for solving time-fractional evolution equations. The approach is based on first discretizing in the spatial variables by the Galerkin finite element method, using piecewise linear trial functions, and then applying suitable time stepping schemes, of the type either convolution quadrature or finite difference. The main concern is on stability and error analysis of approximate solutions, efficient implementation and qualitative properties, under various regularity assumptions on the problem data, using tools from semigroup theory and Laplace transform. The book provides a comprehensive survey on the present ideas and methods of analysis, and it covers most important topics in this active area of research. It is recommended for graduate students and researchers in applied and computational mathematics, particularly numerical analysis.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Linear Statics

Volume 1: The Basis and Solids

Eugenio Onate

The two volumes of this book cover most of the theoretical and computational aspects of the linear static analysis of structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The content of the book is based on the lecture notes of a basic course on Structural Analysis with the FEM taught by the author at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain for the last 30 years.

Volume1 presents the basis of the FEM for structural analysis and a detailed description of the finite element formulation for axially loaded bars, plane elasticity problems, axisymmetric solids and general three dimensional solids. Each chapter describes the background theory for each structural model considered, details of the finite element formulation and guidelines for the application to structural engineering problems. The book includes a chapter on miscellaneous topics such as treatment of inclined supports, elastic foundations, stress smoothing, error estimation and adaptive mesh refinement techniques, among others. The text concludes with a chapter on the mesh generation and visualization of FEM results.

The book will be useful for students approaching the finite element analysis of structures for the first time, as well as for practising engineers interested in the details of the formulation and performance of the different finite elements for practical structural analysis.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Linear Statics

Volume 2: Beams, Plates and Shells

Eugenio Onate

The two volumes of this book cover most of the theoretical and computational aspects of the linear static analysis of structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM).The content of the book is based on the lecture notes of a basic course on Structural Analysis with the FEM taught by the author at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain for the last 30 years.

Volume 2 presents a detailed description of the finite element formulation for analysis of slender and thick beams, thin and thick plates, folded plate structures, axisymmetric shells, general curved shells, prismatic structures and three dimensional beams. Each chapter describes the background theory for each structural model considered, details of the finite element formulation and guidelines for the application to structural engineering problems Emphasis is put on the treatment of structures with layered composite materials.

The book will be useful for students approaching the finite element analysis of beam, plate and shell structures for the first time, as well as for practising engineers interested in the details of the formulation and performance of the different finite elements for practical structural analysis.

"

This book engages in an ongoing topic, such as the implementation of nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, with a main concentration on optimization problems in different fields of engineering optimization applications. The chapters of the book provide concise overviews of various nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, defining their profits in obtaining the optimal solutions of tiresome engineering design problems that cannot be efficiently resolved via conventional mathematical-based techniques. Thus, the chapters report on advanced studies on the applications of not only the traditional, but also the contemporary certain nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to specific engineering optimization problems with single and multi-objectives. Harmony search, artificial bee colony, teaching learning-based optimization, electrostatic discharge, grasshopper, backtracking search, and interactive search are just some of the methods exhibited and consulted step by step in application contexts. The book is a perfect guide for graduate students, researchers, academicians, and professionals willing to use metaheuristic algorithms in engineering optimization applications.

The chapters of this volume are based on talks given at the eleventh international Sampling Theory and Applications conference held in 2015 at American University in Washington, D.C. The papers highlight state-of-the-art advances and trends in sampling theory and related areas of application, such as signal and image processing. Chapters have been written by prominent mathematicians, applied scientists, and engineers with an expertise in sampling theory. Claude Shannon's 100th birthday is also celebrated, including an introductory essay that highlights Shannon's profound influence on the field. The topics covered include both theory and applications, such as: * Compressed sensing* Non-uniform and wave sampling* A-to-D conversion* Finite rate of innovation* Time-frequency analysis* Operator theory* Mobile sampling issues Sampling: Theory and Applications is ideal for mathematicians, engineers, and applied scientists working in sampling theory or related areas.

Many devices (we say dynamical systems or simply systems) behave like black boxes: they receive an input, this input is transformed following some laws (usually a differential equation) and an output is observed. The problem is to regulate the input in order to control the output, that is for obtaining a desired output. Such a mechanism, where the input is modified according to the output measured, is called feedback. The study and design of such automatic processes is called control theory. As we will see, the term system embraces any device and control theory has a wide variety of applications in the real world. Control theory is an interdisci plinary domain at the junction of differential and difference equations, system theory and statistics. Moreover, the solution of a control problem involves many topics of numerical analysis and leads to many interesting computational problems: linear algebra (QR, SVD, projections, Schur complement, structured matrices, localization of eigenvalues, computation of the rank, Jordan normal form, Sylvester and other equations, systems of linear equations, regulariza tion, etc), root localization for polynomials, inversion of the Laplace transform, computation of the matrix exponential, approximation theory (orthogonal poly nomials, Pad6 approximation, continued fractions and linear fractional transfor mations), optimization, least squares, dynamic programming, etc. So, control theory is also a. good excuse for presenting various (sometimes unrelated) issues of numerical analysis and the procedures for their solution. This book is not a book on control."

This book reports on the latest advances in concepts and further developments of principal component analysis (PCA), addressing a number of open problems related to dimensional reduction techniques and their extensions in detail. Bringing together research results previously scattered throughout many scientific journals papers worldwide, the book presents them in a methodologically unified form. Offering vital insights into the subject matter in self-contained chapters that balance the theory and concrete applications, and especially focusing on open problems, it is essential reading for all researchers and practitioners with an interest in PCA.

This volume highlights the mathematical research presented at the 2019 Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) Research Symposium held at Rice University, April 6-7, 2019. The symposium showcased research from women across the mathematical sciences working in academia, government, and industry, as well as featured women across the career spectrum: undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and professionals. The book is divided into eight parts, opening with a plenary talk and followed by a combination of research paper contributions and survey papers in the different areas of mathematics represented at the symposium: algebraic combinatorics and graph theory algebraic biology commutative algebra analysis, probability, and PDEs topology applied mathematics mathematics education

Sparse grids are a popular tool for the numerical treatment of high-dimensional problems. Where classical numerical discretization schemes fail in more than three or four dimensions, sparse grids, in their different flavors, are frequently the method of choice. This volume of LNCSE presents selected papers from the proceedings of the fifth workshop on sparse grids and applications, and demonstrates once again the importance of this numerical discretization scheme. The articles present recent advances in the numerical analysis of sparse grids in connection with a range of applications including uncertainty quantification, plasma physics simulations, and computational chemistry, to name but a few.

A computer algebra system such as Mathematica (R) is able to do much more than just numerics: This text shows how to tackle real mathematical problems from basic analysis. The reader learns how Mathematica (R) represents domains, qualifiers and limits to implement actual proofs - a requirement to unlock the huge potential of Mathematica (R) for a variety of applications.

Nonlinear elliptic problems play an increasingly important role in mathematics, science and engineering, creating an exciting interplay between the subjects. This is the first and only book to prove in a systematic and unifying way, stability, convergence and computing results for the different numerical methods for nonlinear elliptic problems. The proofs use linearization, compact perturbation of the coercive principal parts, or monotone operator techniques, and approximation theory. Examples are given for linear to fully nonlinear problems (highest derivatives occur nonlinearly) and for the most important space discretization methods: conforming and nonconforming finite element, discontinuous Galerkin, finite difference, wavelet (and, in a volume to follow, spectral and meshfree) methods. A number of specific long open problems are solved here: numerical methods for fully nonlinear elliptic problems, wavelet and meshfree methods for nonlinear problems, and more general nonlinear boundary conditions. We apply it to all these problems and methods, in particular to eigenvalues, monotone operators, quadrature approximations, and Newton methods. Adaptivity is discussed for finite element and wavelet methods.
The book has been written for graduate students and scientists who want to study and to numerically analyze nonlinear elliptic differential equations in Mathematics, Science and Engineering. It can be used as material for graduate courses or advanced seminars.

Current research and applications in nonlinear analysis influenced by Haim Brezis and Louis Nirenberg are presented in this book by leading mathematicians. Each contribution aims to broaden reader's understanding of theories, methods, and techniques utilized to solve significant problems. Topics include: Sobolev Spaces Maximal monotone operators A theorem of Brezis-Nirenberg Operator-norm convergence of the Trotter product formula Elliptic operators with infinitely many variables Pseudo-and quasiconvexities for nonsmooth function Anisotropic surface measures Eulerian and Lagrangian variables Multiple periodic solutions of Lagrangian systems Porous medium equation Nondiscrete Lassonde-Revalski principle Graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics, engineering, and economics will find this book a useful reference for new techniques and research areas. Haim Brezis and Louis Nirenberg's fundamental research in nonlinear functional analysis and nonlinear partial differential equations along with their years of teaching and training students have had a notable impact in the field.

This book, now in a carefully revised second edition, provides an up-to-date account of Oka theory, including the classical Oka-Grauert theory and the wide array of applications to the geometry of Stein manifolds. Oka theory is the field of complex analysis dealing with global problems on Stein manifolds which admit analytic solutions in the absence of topological obstructions. The exposition in the present volume focuses on the notion of an Oka manifold introduced by the author in 2009. It explores connections with elliptic complex geometry initiated by Gromov in 1989, with the Andersen-Lempert theory of holomorphic automorphisms of complex Euclidean spaces and of Stein manifolds with the density property, and with topological methods such as homotopy theory and the Seiberg-Witten theory. Researchers and graduate students interested in the homotopy principle in complex analysis will find this book particularly useful. It is currently the only work that offers a comprehensive introduction to both the Oka theory and the theory of holomorphic automorphisms of complex Euclidean spaces and of other complex manifolds with large automorphism groups.

This monograph is devoted to a new class of non-commutative rings, skew Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) extensions. Beginning with the basic definitions and ring-module theoretic/homological properties, it goes on to investigate finitely generated projective modules over skew PBW extensions from a matrix point of view. To make this theory constructive, the theory of Groebner bases of left (right) ideals and modules for bijective skew PBW extensions is developed. For example, syzygies and the Ext and Tor modules over these rings are computed. Finally, applications to some key topics in the noncommutative algebraic geometry of quantum algebras are given, including an investigation of semi-graded Koszul algebras and semi-graded Artin-Schelter regular algebras, and the noncommutative Zariski cancellation problem. The book is addressed to researchers in noncommutative algebra and algebraic geometry as well as to graduate students and advanced undergraduate students.

This book gathers a selection of invited and contributed lectures from the European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications (ENUMATH) held in Lausanne, Switzerland, August 26-30, 2013. It provides an overview of recent developments in numerical analysis, computational mathematics and applications from leading experts in the field. New results on finite element methods, multiscale methods, numerical linear algebra and discretization techniques for fluid mechanics and optics are presented. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers looking for a state-of-the-art overview of advanced techniques, algorithms and results in numerical mathematics and scientific computing.

Most of the many books on finite elements are devoted either to mathematical theory or to engineering applications, but not to both. This book seeks to bridge the gap by presenting the main theoretical ideas of the finite element method and the analysis of its errors in an accessible way. At the same time it presents computed numbers which not only illustrate the theory but can only be analysed using the theory. This approach, both dual and interacting between theory and computation makes this book unique.
Much research is currently being done into reliability in computational modelling, involving both validation of the mathematical models and verification of the numerical schemes. By treating finite element error analysis in this way this book is a significant contribution to the verification process of finite element modelling in the context of reliability.

This book addresses the global study of finite and infinite singularities of planar polynomial differential systems, with special emphasis on quadratic systems. While results covering the degenerate cases of singularities of quadratic systems have been published elsewhere, the proofs for the remaining harder cases were lengthier. This book covers all cases, with half of the content focusing on the last non-degenerate ones. The book contains the complete bifurcation diagram, in the 12-parameter space, of global geometrical configurations of singularities of quadratic systems. The authors' results provide - for the first time - global information on all singularities of quadratic systems in invariant form and their bifurcations. In addition, a link to a very helpful software package is included. With the help of this software, the study of the algebraic bifurcations becomes much more efficient and less time-consuming. Given its scope, the book will appeal to specialists on polynomial differential systems, pure and applied mathematicians who need to study bifurcation diagrams of families of such systems, Ph.D. students, and postdoctoral fellows.

Based on the "Fourth International Conference on Dynamics of Disasters" (Kalamata, Greece, July 2019), this volume includes contributions from experts who share their latest discoveries on natural and unnatural disasters. Authors provide overviews of the tactical points involved in disaster relief, outlines of hurdles from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery, and uses for mathematical models to describe natural and man-made disasters. Topics covered include economics, optimization, machine learning, government, management, business, humanities, engineering, medicine, mathematics, computer science, behavioral studies, emergency services, and environmental studies will engage readers from a wide variety of fields and backgrounds.

Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography are the two most efficient techniques to study the functional brain. This book completely aswers the fundamental mathematical question of uniqueness of the representations obtained using these techniques, and also covers many other concrete results for special geometric models of the brain, presenting the research of the authors and their groups in the last two decades.

This book is mainly devoted to finite difference numerical methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) models of pricing a wide variety of financial derivative securities. With this objective, the book is divided into two main parts. In the first part, after an introduction concerning the basics on derivative securities, the authors explain how to establish the adequate PDE boundary value problems for different sets of derivative products (vanilla and exotic options, and interest rate derivatives). For many option problems, the analytic solutions are also derived with details. The second part is devoted to explaining and analyzing the application of finite differences techniques to the financial models stated in the first part of the book. For this, the authors recall some basics on finite difference methods, initial boundary value problems, and (having in view financial products with early exercise feature) linear complementarity and free boundary problems. In each chapter, the techniques related to these mathematical and numerical subjects are applied to a wide variety of financial products. This is a textbook for graduate students following a mathematical finance program as well as a valuable reference for those researchers working in numerical methods in financial derivatives. For this new edition, the book has been updated throughout with many new problems added. More details about numerical methods for some options, for example, Asian options with discrete sampling, are provided and the proof of solution-uniqueness of derivative security problems and the complete stability analysis of numerical methods for two-dimensional problems are added. Review of first edition: "...the book is highly well designed and structured as a textbook for graduate students following a mathematical finance program, which includes Black-Scholes dynamic hedging methodology to price financial derivatives. Also, it is a very valuable reference for those researchers working in numerical methods in financial derivatives, either with a more financial or mathematical background." -- MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS

This introductory book directs the reader to a selection of useful elementary numerical algorithms on a reasonably sound theoretical basis, built up within the text. The primary aim is to develop algorithmic thinking -- emphasizing long living computational concepts over fast changing software issues. The guiding principle is to explain modern numerical analysis concepts applicable in complex scientific computing at much simpler model problems. For example, the two adaptive techniques in numerical quadrature elaborated here carry the germs for either extrapolation methods or multigrid methods in differential equations, which are not treated here. The presentation draws on geometrical intuition wherever appropriate, supported by a large number of illustrations. Numerous exercises are included for further practice and improved understanding. This text will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers in mathematics, computer science, science, and engineering. At the same time it is addressed to practical computational scientists who, via self-study, wish to become acquainted with modern concepts of numerical analysis and scientific computing on an elementary level. Sole prerequisite is undergraduate knowledge in Linear Algebra and Calculus.

This book introduces readers to various signal processing models that have been used in analyzing periodic data, and discusses the statistical and computational methods involved. Signal processing can broadly be considered to be the recovery of information from physical observations. The received signals are usually disturbed by thermal, electrical, atmospheric or intentional interferences, and due to their random nature, statistical techniques play an important role in their analysis. Statistics is also used in the formulation of appropriate models to describe the behavior of systems, the development of appropriate techniques for estimation of model parameters and the assessment of the model performances. Analyzing different real-world data sets to illustrate how different models can be used in practice, and highlighting open problems for future research, the book is a valuable resource for senior undergraduate and graduate students specializing in mathematics or statistics.

This contributed volume explores the applications of various topics in modern differential geometry to the foundations of continuum mechanics. In particular, the contributors use notions from areas such as global analysis, algebraic topology, and geometric measure theory. Chapter authors are experts in their respective areas, and provide important insights from the most recent research. Organized into two parts, the book first covers kinematics, forces, and stress theory, and then addresses defects, uniformity, and homogeneity. Specific topics covered include: Global stress and hyper-stress theories Applications of de Rham currents to singular dislocations Manifolds of mappings for continuum mechanics Kinematics of defects in solid crystals Geometric Continuum Mechanics will appeal to graduate students and researchers in the fields of mechanics, physics, and engineering who seek a more rigorous mathematical understanding of the area. Mathematicians interested in applications of analysis and geometry will also find the topics covered here of interest.