This book, now in a carefully revised second edition, provides an up-to-date account of Oka theory, including the classical Oka-Grauert theory and the wide array of applications to the geometry of Stein manifolds. Oka theory is the field of complex analysis dealing with global problems on Stein manifolds which admit analytic solutions in the absence of topological obstructions. The exposition in the present volume focuses on the notion of an Oka manifold introduced by the author in 2009. It explores connections with elliptic complex geometry initiated by Gromov in 1989, with the Andersen-Lempert theory of holomorphic automorphisms of complex Euclidean spaces and of Stein manifolds with the density property, and with topological methods such as homotopy theory and the Seiberg-Witten theory. Researchers and graduate students interested in the homotopy principle in complex analysis will find this book particularly useful. It is currently the only work that offers a comprehensive introduction to both the Oka theory and the theory of holomorphic automorphisms of complex Euclidean spaces and of other complex manifolds with large automorphism groups.

This monograph is devoted to a new class of non-commutative rings, skew Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) extensions. Beginning with the basic definitions and ring-module theoretic/homological properties, it goes on to investigate finitely generated projective modules over skew PBW extensions from a matrix point of view. To make this theory constructive, the theory of Groebner bases of left (right) ideals and modules for bijective skew PBW extensions is developed. For example, syzygies and the Ext and Tor modules over these rings are computed. Finally, applications to some key topics in the noncommutative algebraic geometry of quantum algebras are given, including an investigation of semi-graded Koszul algebras and semi-graded Artin-Schelter regular algebras, and the noncommutative Zariski cancellation problem. The book is addressed to researchers in noncommutative algebra and algebraic geometry as well as to graduate students and advanced undergraduate students.

This book gathers a selection of invited and contributed lectures from the European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications (ENUMATH) held in Lausanne, Switzerland, August 26-30, 2013. It provides an overview of recent developments in numerical analysis, computational mathematics and applications from leading experts in the field. New results on finite element methods, multiscale methods, numerical linear algebra and discretization techniques for fluid mechanics and optics are presented. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers looking for a state-of-the-art overview of advanced techniques, algorithms and results in numerical mathematics and scientific computing.

Most of the many books on finite elements are devoted either to mathematical theory or to engineering applications, but not to both. This book seeks to bridge the gap by presenting the main theoretical ideas of the finite element method and the analysis of its errors in an accessible way. At the same time it presents computed numbers which not only illustrate the theory but can only be analysed using the theory. This approach, both dual and interacting between theory and computation makes this book unique.
Much research is currently being done into reliability in computational modelling, involving both validation of the mathematical models and verification of the numerical schemes. By treating finite element error analysis in this way this book is a significant contribution to the verification process of finite element modelling in the context of reliability.

This book addresses the global study of finite and infinite singularities of planar polynomial differential systems, with special emphasis on quadratic systems. While results covering the degenerate cases of singularities of quadratic systems have been published elsewhere, the proofs for the remaining harder cases were lengthier. This book covers all cases, with half of the content focusing on the last non-degenerate ones. The book contains the complete bifurcation diagram, in the 12-parameter space, of global geometrical configurations of singularities of quadratic systems. The authors' results provide - for the first time - global information on all singularities of quadratic systems in invariant form and their bifurcations. In addition, a link to a very helpful software package is included. With the help of this software, the study of the algebraic bifurcations becomes much more efficient and less time-consuming. Given its scope, the book will appeal to specialists on polynomial differential systems, pure and applied mathematicians who need to study bifurcation diagrams of families of such systems, Ph.D. students, and postdoctoral fellows.

Based on the "Fourth International Conference on Dynamics of Disasters" (Kalamata, Greece, July 2019), this volume includes contributions from experts who share their latest discoveries on natural and unnatural disasters. Authors provide overviews of the tactical points involved in disaster relief, outlines of hurdles from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery, and uses for mathematical models to describe natural and man-made disasters. Topics covered include economics, optimization, machine learning, government, management, business, humanities, engineering, medicine, mathematics, computer science, behavioral studies, emergency services, and environmental studies will engage readers from a wide variety of fields and backgrounds.

This book is mainly devoted to finite difference numerical methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) models of pricing a wide variety of financial derivative securities. With this objective, the book is divided into two main parts. In the first part, after an introduction concerning the basics on derivative securities, the authors explain how to establish the adequate PDE boundary value problems for different sets of derivative products (vanilla and exotic options, and interest rate derivatives). For many option problems, the analytic solutions are also derived with details. The second part is devoted to explaining and analyzing the application of finite differences techniques to the financial models stated in the first part of the book. For this, the authors recall some basics on finite difference methods, initial boundary value problems, and (having in view financial products with early exercise feature) linear complementarity and free boundary problems. In each chapter, the techniques related to these mathematical and numerical subjects are applied to a wide variety of financial products. This is a textbook for graduate students following a mathematical finance program as well as a valuable reference for those researchers working in numerical methods in financial derivatives. For this new edition, the book has been updated throughout with many new problems added. More details about numerical methods for some options, for example, Asian options with discrete sampling, are provided and the proof of solution-uniqueness of derivative security problems and the complete stability analysis of numerical methods for two-dimensional problems are added. Review of first edition: "...the book is highly well designed and structured as a textbook for graduate students following a mathematical finance program, which includes Black-Scholes dynamic hedging methodology to price financial derivatives. Also, it is a very valuable reference for those researchers working in numerical methods in financial derivatives, either with a more financial or mathematical background." -- MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS

This introductory book directs the reader to a selection of useful elementary numerical algorithms on a reasonably sound theoretical basis, built up within the text. The primary aim is to develop algorithmic thinking -- emphasizing long living computational concepts over fast changing software issues. The guiding principle is to explain modern numerical analysis concepts applicable in complex scientific computing at much simpler model problems. For example, the two adaptive techniques in numerical quadrature elaborated here carry the germs for either extrapolation methods or multigrid methods in differential equations, which are not treated here. The presentation draws on geometrical intuition wherever appropriate, supported by a large number of illustrations. Numerous exercises are included for further practice and improved understanding. This text will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers in mathematics, computer science, science, and engineering. At the same time it is addressed to practical computational scientists who, via self-study, wish to become acquainted with modern concepts of numerical analysis and scientific computing on an elementary level. Sole prerequisite is undergraduate knowledge in Linear Algebra and Calculus.

This book introduces readers to various signal processing models that have been used in analyzing periodic data, and discusses the statistical and computational methods involved. Signal processing can broadly be considered to be the recovery of information from physical observations. The received signals are usually disturbed by thermal, electrical, atmospheric or intentional interferences, and due to their random nature, statistical techniques play an important role in their analysis. Statistics is also used in the formulation of appropriate models to describe the behavior of systems, the development of appropriate techniques for estimation of model parameters and the assessment of the model performances. Analyzing different real-world data sets to illustrate how different models can be used in practice, and highlighting open problems for future research, the book is a valuable resource for senior undergraduate and graduate students specializing in mathematics or statistics.

This contributed volume explores the applications of various topics in modern differential geometry to the foundations of continuum mechanics. In particular, the contributors use notions from areas such as global analysis, algebraic topology, and geometric measure theory. Chapter authors are experts in their respective areas, and provide important insights from the most recent research. Organized into two parts, the book first covers kinematics, forces, and stress theory, and then addresses defects, uniformity, and homogeneity. Specific topics covered include: Global stress and hyper-stress theories Applications of de Rham currents to singular dislocations Manifolds of mappings for continuum mechanics Kinematics of defects in solid crystals Geometric Continuum Mechanics will appeal to graduate students and researchers in the fields of mechanics, physics, and engineering who seek a more rigorous mathematical understanding of the area. Mathematicians interested in applications of analysis and geometry will also find the topics covered here of interest.

Graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, optimization, engineering, computer science, and management science will find this book a useful reference which provides an introduction to applications and fundamental theories in nonlinear combinatorial optimization. Nonlinear combinatorial optimization is a new research area within combinatorial optimization and includes numerous applications to technological developments, such as wireless communication, cloud computing, data science, and social networks. Theoretical developments including discrete Newton methods, primal-dual methods with convex relaxation, submodular optimization, discrete DC program, along with several applications are discussed and explored in this book through articles by leading experts.

This two-volume work presents a systematic theoretical and computational study of several types of generalizations of separable matrices. The main attention is paid to fast algorithms (many of linear complexity) for matrices in semiseparable, quasiseparable, band and companion form. The work is focused on algorithms of multiplication, inversion and description of eigenstructure and includes a large number of illustrative examples throughout the different chapters. The first volume consists of four parts. The first part is of a mainly theoretical character introducing and studying the quasiseparable and semiseparable representations of matrices and minimal rank completion problems. Three further completions are treated in the second part. The first applications of the quasiseparable and semiseparable structure are included in the third part where the interplay between the quasiseparable structure and discrete time varying linear systems with boundary conditions play an essential role. The fourth part contains factorization and inversion fast algorithms for matrices via quasiseparable and semiseparable structure. The work is based mostly on results obtained by the authors and their coauthors. Due to its many significant applications and the accessible style the text will be useful to engineers, scientists, numerical analysts, computer scientists and mathematicians alike.

This book presents a thorough discussion of the theory of abstract inverse linear problems on Hilbert space. Given an unknown vector f in a Hilbert space H, a linear operator A acting on H, and a vector g in H satisfying Af=g, one is interested in approximating f by finite linear combinations of g, Ag, A2g, A3g, ... The closed subspace generated by the latter vectors is called the Krylov subspace of H generated by g and A. The possibility of solving this inverse problem by means of projection methods on the Krylov subspace is the main focus of this text. After giving a broad introduction to the subject, examples and counterexamples of Krylov-solvable and non-solvable inverse problems are provided, together with results on uniqueness of solutions, classes of operators inducing Krylov-solvable inverse problems, and the behaviour of Krylov subspaces under small perturbations. An appendix collects material on weaker convergence phenomena in general projection methods. This subject of this book lies at the boundary of functional analysis/operator theory and numerical analysis/approximation theory and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in any of these fields.

This monograph focuses on the mathematical and numerical analysis of simplicial partitions and the finite element method. This active area of research has become an essential part of physics and engineering, for example in the study of problems involving heat conduction, linear elasticity, semiconductors, Maxwell's equations, Einstein's equations and magnetic and gravitational fields. These problems require the simulation of various phenomena and physical fields over complicated structures in three (and higher) dimensions. Since not all structures can be decomposed into simpler objects like d-dimensional rectangular blocks, simplicial partitions are important. In this book an emphasis is placed on angle conditions guaranteeing the convergence of the finite element method for elliptic PDEs with given boundary conditions. It is aimed at a general mathematical audience who is assumed to be familiar with only a few basic results from linear algebra, geometry, and mathematical and numerical analysis.

This book presents a complete and accurate study of arithmetic and algebraic circuits. The first part offers a review of all important basic concepts: it describes simple circuits for the implementation of some basic arithmetic operations; it introduces theoretical basis for residue number systems; and describes some fundamental circuits for implementing the main modular operations that will be used in the text. Moreover, the book discusses floating-point representation of real numbers and the IEEE 754 standard. The second and core part of the book offers a deep study of arithmetic circuits and specific algorithms for their implementation. It covers the CORDIC algorithm, and optimized arithmetic circuits recently developed by the authors for adders and subtractors, as well as multipliers, dividers and special functions. It describes the implementation of basic algebraic circuits, such as LFSRs and cellular automata. Finally, it offers a complete study of Galois fields, showing some exemplary applications and discussing the advantages in comparison to other methods. This dense, self-contained text provides students, researchers and engineers, with extensive knowledge on and a deep understanding of arithmetic and algebraic circuits and their implementation.

Hyperbolic partial differential equations describe phenomena of material or wave transport in physics, biology and engineering, especially in the field of fluid mechanics. The mathematical theory of hyperbolic equations has recently made considerable progress. Accurate and efficient numerical schemes for computation have been and are being further developed.
This two-volume set of conference proceedings contains about 100 refereed and carefully selected papers. The books are intended for researchers and graduate students in mathematics, science and engineering interested in the most recent results in theory and practice of hyperbolic problems.
Applications touched in these proceedings concern one-phase and multiphase fluid flow, phase transitions, shallow water dynamics, elasticity, extended thermodynamics, electromagnetism, classical and relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, cosmology. Contributions to the abstract theory of hyperbolic systems deal with viscous and relaxation approximations, front tracking and wellposedness, stability of shock profiles and multi-shock patterns, traveling fronts for transport equations. Numerically oriented articles study finite difference, finite volume, and finite element schemes, adaptive, multiresolution, and artificial dissipation methods.

This book highlights the synthesis of polarization selection system in the background of passive noise formed by reflections from space-distributed targets. This synthesis is fulfilled as close as possible to its ideal configuration in terms of maximal signal-to-noise ratio for the matched load of radar station antenna system. It presents a new approach to radar system resolution enhancement based on the development of mathematical model for radiometric receivers with mono-pulse antenna systems, as well as creation of a new algorithm that allows increasing angular resolution during the object's search and tracking due to special signal processing.

This book gravitates on the prominent theories and recent developments of swarm intelligence methods, and their application in both synthetic and real-world optimization problems. The special interest will be placed in those algorithmic variants where biological processes observed in nature have underpinned the core operators underlying their search mechanisms. In other words, the book centers its attention on swarm intelligence and nature-inspired methods for efficient optimization and problem solving. The content of this book unleashes a great opportunity for researchers, lecturers and practitioners interested in swarm intelligence, optimization problems and artificial intelligence.

This volume provides an introduction to modern space-time discretization methods such as finite and boundary elements and isogeometric analysis for time-dependent initial-boundary value problems of parabolic and hyperbolic type. Particular focus is given on stable formulations, error estimates, adaptivity in space and time, efficient solution algorithms, parallelization of the solution pipeline, and applications in science and engineering.

The origins of wavelets go back to the beginning of the last century and wavelet methods are by now a well-known tool in image processing (jpeg2000). These functions have, however, been used successfully in other areas, such as elliptic partial differential equations, which can be used to model many processes in science and engineering. This book, based on the author's course and accessible to those with basic knowledge of analysis and numerical mathematics, gives an introduction to wavelet methods in general and then describes their application for the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations. Recently developed adaptive methods are also covered and each scheme is complemented with numerical results, exercises, and corresponding software tools.

This book is intended to provide a compilation of the state-of-the-art numerical methods for nonlinear fluid-structure interaction using the moving boundary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. Single and two-phase viscous incompressible fluid flows are considered with the increasing complexity of structures ranging from rigid-body, linear elastic and nonlinear large deformation to fully-coupled flexible multibody system. This book is unique with regard to computational modeling of such complex fluid-structure interaction problems at high Reynolds numbers, whereby various coupling techniques are introduced and systematically discussed. The techniques are demonstrated for large-scale practical problems in aerospace and marine/offshore engineering. This book also provides a comprehensive understanding of underlying unsteady physics and coupled mechanical aspects of the fluid-structure interaction from a computational point of view. Using the body-fitted and moving mesh formulations, the physical insights associated with structure-to-fluid mass ratios (i.e., added mass effects), Reynolds number, large structural deformation, free surface, and other interacting physical fields are covered. The book includes the basic tools necessary to build the concepts required for modeling such coupled fluid-structure interaction problems, thus exposing the reader to advanced topics of multiphysics and multiscale phenomena.

This self-contained book addresses the three most popular computational methods in CAE (finite elements, boundary elements, collocation methods) in a unified way, bridging the gap between CAD and CAE. It includes applications to a broad spectrum of engineering (benchmark) application problems, such as elasto-statics/dynamics and potential problems (thermal, acoustics, electrostatics). It also provides a large number of test cases, with full documentation of original sources, making it a valuable resource for any student or researcher in FEA-related areas. The book, which assumes readers have a basic knowledge of FEA, can be used as additional reading for engineering courses as well as for other interdepartmental MSc courses.

Lattice rules are a powerful and popular form of quasi-Monte Carlo rules based on multidimensional integration lattices. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject with detailed explanations of the basic concepts and the current methods used in research. This comprises, for example, error analysis in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, fast component-by-component constructions, the curse of dimensionality and tractability, weighted integration and approximation problems, and applications of lattice rules.

This book presents developments of novel techniques and applies them in order to understand the interactions between thermally driven mesoscale flows (sea and mountain breezes) and the turbulent exchange within the atmospheric boundary layer. These interactions are not accurately reproduced in the meteorological models currently employed for weather forecasting. Consequently, important variables such as air temperature and wind speed are misrepresented. Also, the concentrations of relevant greenhouse gases such as CO2 are considerably affected by these interactions. By applying a systematic algorithm based on objective criteria (presented here), the thesis explores complete observational databases spanning up to 10 years. Further, it presents statistically significant and robust results on the topic, which has only been studied in a handful of cases in the extant literature. Lastly, by applying the algorithm directly to the outputs of the meteorological model, the thesis helps readers understand the processes discussed and reveals the biases in such models.

Dynamic programming (DP) has a relevant history as a powerful and flexible optimization principle, but has a bad reputation as a computationally impractical tool. This book fills a gap between the statement of DP principles and their actual software implementation. Using MATLAB throughout, this tutorial gently gets the reader acquainted with DP and its potential applications, offering the possibility of actual experimentation and hands-on experience. The book assumes basic familiarity with probability and optimization, and is suitable to both practitioners and graduate students in engineering, applied mathematics, management, finance and economics.