The physical examination of the hip and knee can be a complex topic for professionals with all levels of clinical experience. How can advance concepts be taught in a user-friendly, clear format, while still providing necessary information for effective diagnosis and treatment of the hip and knee? Musculoskeletal Examination of the Hip and Knee: Making the Complex Simple by Drs. Anil Ranawat and Bryan T. Kelly answers these questions. Written by experts, this easy-to-carry book provides a thorough review of the most common pathologic hip and knee conditions, techniques for diagnosis, as well as the appropriate treatment for each condition. Musculoskeletal Examination of the Hip and Knee: Making the Complex Simple contains clear photographic demonstrations, tables, and charts throughout its pages, allowing a thorough and concise examination of the hip and knee. A glance at some of what is covered inside: * Physical Examination * Basics and specific tests of the physical examination of the hip and knee * General Imaging * Basics of general imaging of the hip and knee * Common Conditions * Arthroscopic management of labral tears, snapping hip syndromes, meniscal tears, and more Musculoskeletal Examination of the Hip and Knee: Making the Complex Simple contains essential information to successfully take a complex subject and bring it to a level that will be welcomed by orthopedic residents, attendings, physical therapists, athletic trainers, medical students in training, and other health care providers.

Management of the Unstable Shoulder: Arthroscopic and Open Repair presents orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine specialists, therapists, and trainers with state-of-the-art treatment options, such as anatomic repair and precise rehabilitation techniques that will then enable them to provide athletes with the best chance of returning to their sport. The text is accompanied by an instructive website to illustrate step by step techniques on performing arthroscopic and open repairs. Sections Inside Include: Patient selection for choosing arthroscopy and open treatment options; Treatment of athletes from high school to professional levels; Illustrated techniques to treat the unstable shoulder; Complex situations in shoulder instability; Revision surgery for the failed repair; Rehabilitation of the athlete. Inside Management of the Unstable Shoulder: Arthroscopic and Open Repair, Dr. Jeffrey Abrams, along with 44 internationally recognized contributors, narrows in on why modern day arthroscopy has become an excellent examination to visualize and treat essential lessons associated with instability. Foreword section with contributions from Dr. James Andrews and Dr. Richard Hawkins provides insight on the management of the high profile athlete. With vivid color images throughout the book and an instructive website on shoulder reconstruction, Management of the Unstable Shoulder: Arthroscopic and Open Repair is designed to provide the most up-to-date information on both arthroscopic and open techniques that a surgeon will need to properly repair an unstable shoulder. Here, you will find references to all of the modern day approaches to address complex situations that you may encounter in your community. Management of the Unstable Shoulder: Arthroscopic and Open Repair is the ideal book for orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine physicians, upper extremity surgeons, and those in training.

Practicing physical medicine and rehabilitation physician Grant Cooper, MD, provides a concise step-by-step approach to confidently establishing a working clinical diagnosis and finding appropriate treatment options for the most common musculoskeletal ailments. Organized by body region and written with superb clarity, this guide details the important questions to ask in history taking, the physical examination maneuvers appropriate for each pathology, the possible explanations and additional tests needed to diagnose the condition, and the most up-to-date treatment options available. The author offers clear explanations why each step in the history and physical examination is performed and discusses the basic pathophysiological processes involved. The ailments covered include neck and shooting arm pain; shoulder pain; elbow pain; wrist and hand pain; low back, hip, and shooting leg pain; knee pain, ankle pain, and foot pain. Numerous photographs demonstrate the correct hands-on methods for physical examination of the patient. A value-added CD-ROM version of book is included for downloading and use in the reader's PC or PDA.

by A. Berthoz The publication of this volume, edited by Adriano Ferrari and Giovanni Cioni, is a major event for several reasons. Most importantly, it concerns an area of child pathology that has yet to be fully explored. In this context, the authors' efforts to compile their observations as well as those of other clinicians and to elaborate their theories have resulted in an ess- tial step in the field of cerebral palsy (CP). The originality of the book is its very clear focus, while at the same time the authors have encouraged the book's contributors to express their ideas and personal opinions. This leads sometimes to redundancy, but this is precisely one of the benefits of the book - cause the same problems are then exposed from different points of views. The reader is thus spared the normative attempts of many other pathology books, in which the compl- ity of a given disease is hidden by the authors' or editors' desire to impose a rigid taxo- my or epidemiology.

Musculosketal infections are potentially devastating for the patient,

his family and the health care services, as they may lead to functional

impairment, long lasting disability, or even permanent handicap.

This problem may also have socioeconomic implications. Infection

commonly results in prolonged use of antibiotics, multiple operations,

complications, extended rehabilitation and long lasting followup

visits with additional costs for the health care provider.

This book covers contributions from international experts who came

together in Potsdam, Germany, at the invitation of Professor Heino

Kienapfel, MD PhD, of the Department of Special Orthopaedic

Surgery and Traumatology of the Centre of Joint Arthroplasty,

Auguste Viktoria Clinics Berlin.

The focus of this book is the state of the art of:

-Antimicrobial Resistances: Facts and Statistics

- Arthroplasty Registers in EU: Status and Development

- Microbiology in Arthroplasty

- Strategies in Antibiotic Treatment

- Spacer Management: Clinical Experiences and Requirements

- Biofilm Creation: Low Grade Infection

- Revision: Cemented vs. Cementless

- Revision: One-stage vs. Two-stage treatment

Designed to be a practical handbook on clinical trial management in these key therapeutic areas, 'Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis' is aimed at principal investigators pharmaceutical physicians and other pharmaceutical staff involved in the design, conduct and monitoring of these increasingly complex diseases. In the last several years a new classes of biologic agents have emerged and changed the treatment paradigm for patients, not only with classically defined rheumatoid arthritis, but also with other related diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Furthermore, osteoarthritis is a major disease state that is often treated by the rheumatologist, but is one where patient management programs are currently limited with a need for new therapeutic approaches. In both inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritic conditions, clinical trials have become both large and complex due to the nature of the diseases, with ever-challenging new surrogate end-points being employed. Topics covered in this title will therefore include study design, clinical endpoints, technical issues, data collection, use of centralized medical image reading facilities and biochemical marker laboratories, as well as data analysis and future therapies. This book takes the user through the process step-by-step from start to finish, also providing a background on the regulatory guidelines, ethical implications, endpoints, and current therapies.

Orthopedic surgery remains one of the most competitive subspecialties in medicine. This "how- to" guide describes how medical students can achieve their goal of being accepted into an orthopedic residency program and how to thrive once there.

What will you learn from "Orthopedic Residency and Fellowship: A Guide to Success"?
- How medical students can achieve their goal of being accepted into an orthopedic residency program
- How to succeed during and after your residency
- Tips and pearls to maximize your experience
- Budgeting your time
- Peer interaction
- Job placement
- How to read a contract
- How to decide between academic or private practice
- Asset protection
- Making the right financial decision

"Orthopedic Residency and Fellowship: A Guide to Success "by Drs. Laith M. Jazrawi, Kenneth A. Egol and Joseph D. Zuckerman is the only book on the market that solely focuses on getting into an orthopedic residency or fellowship training program, excelling once you are there, and maximizing and obtaining the right practice opportunity for you. Providing easy-to-read chapters and quick reference materials, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the field of musculoskeletal care.

A representation of the skills and expertise of leading surgeons in the field, this reference serves as a step-by-step instructional resource on arthroscopic and minimally invasive surgery of the shoulder and elbow. With full-color illustrations throughout, each chapter focuses on specific techniques and will contain strategies to enhance recovery, reduce patient pain, and provide improved function over traditional surgical procedures.

This unique clinical guide will explore specific evidence-based literature supporting physical therapist guided exercises and interventional treatments for commonly prevalent orthopedic spine and extremity presentations. Using this book, the sports medicine and interventional pain physician will be better able to coordinate therapy exercises after interventional treatments with their physical therapy colleagues. This will include a treatment course that will monitor progress in restoring and accelerating patients' function. A myriad of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the spine, joints and extremities will be presented, including tendinopathies, bursopathies, arthritis, fractures and dislocations - everything a clinician can expect to see in a thriving practice. Each chapter, co-authored by a physician and a physical therapist, will follow a consistent format for ease of accessibility and reference - introduction to the topic; diagnosis; medical, interventional, and surgical management - and will be accompanied by relevant radiographis, figures and illustrations. Additional topics include osteoarthritis, rheumatic disorders, entrapment syndromes, the use of orthobiologics, and more. Comprehensive enough to function as a learning tool, but practical and user-friendly enough for quick reference, Clinical Guide to Musculoskeletal Medicine will be an essential resource for sports medicine physicians, interventional and physical therapists.

Covering both noninvasive and surgical treatment alternatives, Critical Limb Ischemia defines practical guidelines for a multidisciplinary approach to critical limb ischemia and follows a step-by-step description of the latest techniques. Topics covered include: Balloon angioplasty and stenting Cryoplasty Pharmacotherapy Topical therapies combined with hyperbolic oxygen treatment Endovascular techniques Strategies for leg revascularization The book provides vascular surgeons, general and interventional cardiologists, interventionalists, radiologists, podiatrists, and endocrinologists a valuable resource for daily practice.

Disorders of the Achilles tendon are universal, affecting people in a wide range of age groups. Because the Achilles tendon is one of the most pow- ful musculotendinous structures in the body, the impact of an injury to the Achilles tendon becomes magnified. There is a wide range of disorders or problems that can involve the insertional region, where pathology may rest with bone, tendon, or bursae. A completely different set of pathologic entities resides in the noninsertional region, one of which may include the frustrating degenerative tendinopathy. As our growing population ages but remains phy- cally active longer into life, the incidence of these disorders will continue to increase. I am proud to be given the opportunity to write the foreword to this text, which is intended for foot and ankle surgeons worldwide. Seldom does a book on a single entity become a current concepts review, as this work has. Too often, textbooks are not published for several years after the chapters have been written, making them obsolete upon publication. Not so with this book, which deals with timely topics on the Achilles tendon. Dr. James Nunley has compiled this work in slightly over a year, thus providing the reader with sta- of-the-art material. Dr. Nunley had the foresight to create a much needed techniques-oriented book dealing with the complexities of the Achilles tendon. His approach was to develop a comprehensive guide to managing Achilles tendon problems.

This book provides a practical working guide to the most important peri-operative issues and medical problems found on the day-to-day ward management of trauma patients. Although aimed at medical students, orthopedic and surgical residents and foundation year pre-registration house officers, the style and content of the book will also appeal to senior medical students and senior house officers, and junior doctors in the acute specialties.

In the issue of the Hand Clinics on "Congenital Hand Differences? the Guest Editor, Dr. Kevin C. Chung, invited world-renowned experts on congenital hand problems to share their insights regarding the treatments and outcomes of a variety of common and uncommon conditions. This volume will present a concise, yet practical guide in understanding and managing the diversity of presentations in these diseases. The illustrations are meticulously presented and the key points are highlighted by the "masters? of the field. This Hand Clinics volume will be an invaluable resource for those interested in advancing their knowledge regarding this intriguing field in hand surgery.

Do you encounter patients with hand and wrist problems? Are there times when you wish you had a hand surgeon next to you to help guide you in the right direction? The answers you are looking for can be found inside "Acute Management of Hand Injuries "by hand surgeons, Drs. Andrew J. Weiland and Rachel S. Rohde.
"Acute Management of Hand Injuries "is a concise and user-friendly book including the most common acute hand and wrist complaints including fractures, dislocations, tendon and nerve injuries, infections, bite injuries, and industrial trauma. This book acts as a "pocket consultant" for non-hand specialists who temporize acute hand issues before referring the patient to a specialist.
"Acute Management of Hand Injuries "is designed to provide the most current and up-to-date information on even the smallest hand afflictions.
Inside You'll Also Find:
- Numerous photographs and radiographs
- Hand evaluation diagram template
- Suggested readings at the end of each chapter
- Quick reference appendices covering topics such as antibiotic recommendations and burn treatment
"Acute Management of Hand Injuries "also will serve as a perfect introductory guide for residents and students in orthopedic or plastic surgery programs who will be expected to master these basic principles.
Each Chapter Includes:
- Mechanism of Injury
- Evaluation
- Acute Treatment
- Definitive Treatment
- Potential Problems
"Acute Management of Hand Injurie"s is ideal for orthopedic surgeons, physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, residents, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and all who provide care in emergency room, urgentcare, and primary practice settings.

Are you looking for concise, practical answers to those questions that are often left unanswered by traditional spine references? Are you seeking brief, evidence-based advice for complicated cases or controversial decisions? "Curbside Consultation of the Spine: 49 Clinical Questions" provides quick answers to the tricky questions most commonly posed during a "curbside consultation" between spinal surgeons. Dr. Kern Singh has designed this unique reference which offers expert advice, preferences, and opinions on tough clinical questions commonly associated with the spine. The unique Q&A format provides quick access to current information related to the spine with the simplicity of a conversation between two colleagues. Numerous images, diagrams, and references allow readers to browse large amounts of information in an expedited fashion. "Curbside Consultation of the Spine: 49 Clinical Questions" provides information basic enough for residents while also incorporating expert advice that even high-volume clinicians will appreciate. Practicing orthopedic spine surgeons, neurosurgeons, orthopedic and neurosurgical residents, and medical students will benefit from the user-friendly, casual format and the expert advice contained within. Some of the questions that are answered: - How do I know intraoperatively that I have done a thorough lumbar decompression? - When I see my patients pre-operatively, what risk factors should I warn them about that may increase their chance for a post-operative infection? - I have a 65-year-old female who fell and suffered a central cord syndrome. What's her prognosis and are there other types of incomplete spinal cord syndromes? - I have a 34-year-old patientwith back pain and some buttock pain for two weeks. When should I get an MRI? - Do I need to perform neuromonitoring for every spine surgery? The cost appears to be relatively high and I want to be selective about its use. - I have a 64-year-old female who was fused posteriorly in the lumbar spine and I need to correct her lordosis. What's the difference between a Smith-Peterson and a pedicle subtraction osteotomy?

Written by internationally renowned experts, this volume is a collection of chapters dealing with imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in neuroradiology and diseases of the spine. The different topics are disease-oriented and encompass all the relevant imaging modalities including X-ray technology, nuclear medicine, ultrasound and magnetic resonance, as well as image-guided interventional techniques. It represents a unique experience for residents in radiology as well as for experienced radiologists wishing to be updated on the current state of the art.

The proceedings book of the Biolox Symposium in Seoul is composed of 10 sessions and plenary lectures of the most current knowledge available in the use of Bioceramics and alternative bearings. More than 50 speakers with world-famous reputations from 12 countries come together to a total of 52 topics on recent developments in Bioceramic and alternative bearings in arthroplasty.

Among the recent developments in the arthroplasty field, bearing surface occupies one of the most important positions. In Asian culture, sitting with crossed legs and squatting positions are more common compared to the Western culture.

Because of such a different cultural background, in arthroplasty, impingement and wearing of liner are more important problems. With this point of view, the interest about bioceramic and alternative bearing is increasing.

The written version of the scientific program will allow you to carry home a more concise view of the Symposium presentations.

Are you looking for concise, practical answers to those questions that are often left unanswered by traditional knee arthroplasty references? Are you seeking brief, evidence-based advice for complicated cases or controversial decisions? "Curbside Consultation in Knee Arthroplasty: 49 Clinical Questions" provides quick answers to the thorny questions most commonly posed during a "curbside consultation" between orthopedic surgical colleagues. Dr. Craig J. Della Valle has designed this unique reference which offers expert advice, preferences, and opinions on tough clinical questions commonly associated with knee arthroplasty. The unique Q&A format provides quick access to current information related to knee arthroplasty with the simplicity of a conversation between two colleagues. Numerous images, diagrams, and references are included to enhance the text and to illustrate the management of the knee. "Curbside Consultation in Knee Arthroplasty: 49 Clinical Questions" provides information basic enough for residents while also incorporating expert advice that even high-volume clinicians will appreciate. Practicing orthopedists, orthopedic residents, and non-physician personnel will benefit from the user-friendly and casual format and the expert advice contained within. Some of the questions that are answered: - I have a patient who has a deformity of the distal femur and arthritis of the knee. Should I do an osteotomy to correct the deformity? - If I am doing a total knee arthroplasty and the patella does not seem to track well, what should I do? - I am doing a total knee in a patient with a varus deformity. I have done my standard release and the knee is still tight medially. What should Ido? - What do I do if I cut the MCL intra-operatively? - How do you assess joint line position at the time of revision TKA? What are the clinical consequences if it is elevated?

The first medical reference textbook to compile an unprecedented synthesis of evidence for regenerative orthopedics by key opinion leaders Thirty-five authors address your clinical questions What emerging technologies are right for my clinical practice? How can I strengthen my patients before their orthopedic surgery? Practically speaking, how can I leverage the latest metabolic therapies to safeguard my patients from toxins, medications, food and chronic diseases known to adversely affect the musculoskeletal system? "Ask the Author" feature Would you like to discuss a patient with a particular author? Now you can do so at www.betterorthopedics.com. First to be second Did you notice this book is the first book in regenerative orthopedics to publish a second edition? This diverse author team leads the growing field of regenerative orthopedics and offers the broadest and in-depth approach to leveraging metabolic therapies. This book comprises the professional opinion of its authors. It does not claim to represent guidelines, recommendations, or the current standard of medical care.

Der Weg zur richtigen Therapieentscheidung in der HWS-Chirurgie. Zur Behandlung degenerativer Erkrankungen der Halswirbelsaule hat sich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Verfahren mit spezifischen Indikationen, Vor- und Nachteilen entwickelt. Neben der konservativen Therapie steht die operative Stabilisierung der Halswirbelsaule mit Diskusprothesen, Cages und Wirbelkoerperersatz im Vordergrund. Basierend auf ihrer Erfahrung sowie biomechanischen und klinischen Studien stellen die Autoren eine klare Strategie bei der Auswahl des operativen Zugangswegs und des Implantats vor. Neben den anatomischen, biomechanischen und klinischen Grundlagen beschreiben sie im einzelnen - die Auswahl des operativen Zugangswegs - die Auswahl des Implantats - die Operationstechnik bei den einzelnen Verfahren. Zahlreiche Abbildungen illustrieren die Befunde, die zur Therapieentscheidung fuhren, und Schritt fur Schritt die operativen Verfahren. Empfehlungen zur Aufklarung und Beratung des Patienten, zum wichtigen Aspekt der Implantatsicherheit und zu den moeglichen Komplikationen sowie ein Ausblick auf zukunftige Entwicklungen runden die Darstellung ab. Umfassend, fundiert und reich illustriert - alle Aspekte der operativen Behandlung degenerativer Erkrankungen der Halswirbelsaule

Revised, updated and expanded, Operative Orthopaedics: The Stanmore Guide, Second Edition, is a definitive and comprehensive guide to elective orthopaedic surgery. It is suitable for junior trainees during their various orthopaedic rotations and senior trainees preparing for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS Tr and Orth) examination. With the emphasis on surgical techniques employed, and the reasoning and evidence base behind them, this book is both a practical instruction manual and a revision tool for the examination. The procedures identified by the Specialist Advisory Committee, including areas such as tumour surgery, paediatrics and limb reconstruction, are included. Each chapter follows a simple and consistent format explaining the surgery from preoperative planning and consent, through to approaches, techniques and postoperative care. The chapters also include key references and sample Viva Questions to extend and reinforce learning. Key Features New updated surgical techniques Highly illustrated to help explain surgical concepts easily Key point boxes to facilitate learning Recommended references for FRCS (Tr and Orth) examination success Editors Timothy WR Briggs MD MBBS (Hons), MCH (Orth), FRCS (Eng), FRCS (Ed), MD (Res) Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, United Kingdom Jonathan Miles MBChB, FRCS (Tr & Orth) Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, United Kingdom William Aston BSc, MBBS, FRCS (Tr & Orth) (Edinb) Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, United Kingdom Heledd Havard BSc, MBBCh, MSc, FRCS (Tr & Orth) Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, United Kingdom Daud Chou MBBS, BSc, MSc, FRCS (Tr & Orth) Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Hurt No More

No one who works at a computer or drives a car will be surprised to learn that neck pain is on the rise. About 70 million people in the United States have had neck pain, and the incidence is increasing. Like back pain, neck pain can become a constant plague that is both mysterious and difficult to treat.

Here at last is help. In What to Do for a Pain in the Neck, one of today's leading experts on neck pain provides a broad range of treatments and preventive measures so that you do not have to learn how to live with pain -- you can banish it.

Combining his own extensive experience with the best scientific information available, Dr. Jerome Schofferman presents strategies ranging from such simple tips as rearranging your desk, workstation, and computer height to daily exercise routines to aggressive treatments requiring professional care. Among the areas he explores in depth are

• Potential causes of neck pain
• Neck-related headaches
• Whiplash (including the effects of litigation on the rate of recovery)
• What to expect from a chiropractor or physical therapist
• Over-the-counter and prescription pain medications
• Acupuncture, meditation, magnet healing, massage, and other complementary therapies
• First aid for intermittent flare-ups

Orthopaedic procedures in elderly patients are challenging and costly. As the population ages these costs will continue to escalate. ORTHOPAEDIC ISSUES IN OSTEOPOROSIS weaves together theory and applications to provide the first reference available on the orthopaedic aspects of osteoporosis. The focus on the management of patients who have had a fracture sets this book apart. Featuring extensive coverage of surgical management of osteoporotic fractures, it highlights the challenges of internal repair in osteoporotic bone. The chapters combine the basic and clinical essentials of osteoporosis with the latest orthopaedic findings in applied research and surgical treatment. Fractures associated with osteoporosis account for the majority of the money spent on this condition. However, the orthpaedic treatment of osteoporotic bone is a formidable surgical problem, and one not covered explicitly in any book - until now. With over 300 tables, line drawings, equations, and macro or X-ray photographs, ORTHOPAEDIC ISSUES IN OSTEOPOROSIS is a long overdue resource. About the Editor: Yuehuei H. (Huey) An, MD, graduated from the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Northeast China in 1983 and was trained in orthopaedic surgery at the Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital (Residency), and in hand surgery at Sydney Hospital (Clinical Fellow), Australia. In 1991, Dr. An joined with Dr. Richard J. Friedman in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Medical University of South Carolina to establish the MUSC Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, which is now a multifunctional orthopaedic research center. Dr. An has published more than 100 scientific papers and book chapters and more than 100 abstracts and edited 6 books, including Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research (CRC Press 1999) and Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone-Implant Interface (CRC Press 2000). He is an active member of eight academic societies in the fields of orthopaedics, biomaterials, biomechanics, and

The book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the cutting edge arthroscopic transosseous techniques for the treatment of rotator cuff tears, which are gradually taking over from the common open surgical approach, defined as the gold standard for RCR. With the help of numerous figures, it presents step by step a novel all-arthroscopic anchorless transosseous suture technique that is less invasive and easier to perform. After discussing the etiopathogenesis, histopathology and radiological classification of rotator cuff tears, the book reviews all possible arthroscopic procedures and explores in detail suture management, describing single and double tunnel options. It also examines the complications and post-operative rehabilitation and imaging, while the closing chapter addresses the economic aspects of daily use. Intended primarily for arthroscopic surgeons interested in the field of shoulder joint repair, this exhaustive guide is also a valuable resource for residents and shoulder specialists.

In 50 Landmark Papers every Acute Care Surgeon Should Know, editors Stephen Cohn and Peter Rhee have compiled a selection of the most influential recent contributions to the specialty of acute care surgery/emergency surgery. This book comprises 50 thought-provoking and relevant topics, reviewing carefully selected papers to update the readers on what has been published in the last decade. 50 key papers cover the most relevant studies from a wide range of topics from Acute Cholecystitis to Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. This book is of interest to surgical residents and trainees, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care fellows and all members of the Acute Care team. This is both an informative and personal look at evidence-based topics, and is relevant to all general and acute care surgeons. About the Editors Stephen M. Cohn, MD FACS Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University Nutley, New Jersey, USA Peter Rhee New York Medical College Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, New York, USA