Spinal surgery is a unique area in the process of continuous development. New skills are applied daily in this delicate field by the spinal surgeon: this professional can be either an orthopaedic surgeon or a neurosurgeon dedicated to the treatment of spinal diseases. This book offers a comprehensive approach and reviews all of the possible errors encountered by spinal surgeons in the clinical practice. It is mainly directed towards young surgeons approaching spinal surgery and also to experienced surgeons with regards to complications related to the latest technologies in the spinal field. This approach of treating and understanding problems in cervical spine surgery is unique and will guide the reader towards an improved level of attention regarding pitfalls in cervical spine surgery, therefore fostering the ability of preventing major complications and medicolegal consequences.

The term "minimally invasive spinal surgery" was coined in early 1990 following pub- cation of the first edition of this text entitled Arthroscopic Microdiscectomy: Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery, and subsequent establishment of the International Society for Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery (ISMISS) under the auspices of the International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT) in April l990. The orthopedic and neurological surgeons who participated in lectures and hands-on wo- shops both in Philadelphia and abroad have witnessed the evolution of minimally invasive spinal surgery from blind nucleotomy to endoscopic fragmentectomy, decompression of l- eral recess stenosis, foraminoplasty, and spinal stabilization. In Arthroscopic and Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: Text and Atlas, Second Edition, experts describe and illustrate various techniques and approaches that are currently used in this field. In addition, the ongoing research for the betterment of spine care via minimally invasive approaches is briefly reviewed. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to so many of my colleagues who s- ported my efforts in the field of minimally invasive spinal surgery throughout the years. Many of them participated in our teaching symposiums and have provided valuable cont- butions to this text.

Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Foot and Ankle represents a novel approach to treatment of orthopedic problems in the foot and ankle. The gradual change of philosophy in the management of foot and ankle surgery means that patients require a less invasive approach to surgery and a consequent improvement in recovery time. Describing the techniques and, importantly, the indications for minimally invasive procedures for the management of foot and ankle ailments, this book will explain the management of various conditions and how they can be approached using minimally invasive techniques. However, rather than only concentrating on minimally invasive surgery of the foot and ankle, the authors will be examining the options open to surgeons operating in this area both open surgical and arthroscopic and explaining the benefits of each. Extensive radiographs, diagrams, and intra-operative pictures will illustrate the procedures described.

This book offers a thorough and accessible look into the importance of recovery in both staying healthy and performing well, and highlights the detrimental effects of underrecovery on physical and mental health. Internationally renowned experts from psychology, physiology, sport medicine, health, and sport science offer interdisciplinary analysis of the effects of underrecovery as well as the use of applied intervention and prevention strategies. Over the last few decades, research in sports has provided numerous studies showing the importance of addressing recovery to find recovery-stress balance and build resources that help prevent illness and promote healthy living and well-being. Each chapter of this volume discusses a specific area of recovery, providing a collection of useful and practical lessons athletes and non-athletes can take forward in their training and beyond. Focusing on both research and applied counseling techniques to discuss recovery as an underestimated factor in physical and mental health, the book aims to enlighten readers on ways to incorporate recovery into their everyday lives to reduce stress and prevent injury. The book is written for the scientific community, applied health scientists, students, and interested readers. It draws on experiences and scientific findings from the field of sport to make them usable for an expanded understanding of recovery in the field of health and related areas such as the workplace.

In Motor Activity and Movement Disorders thirteen state-of-the-art articles explicate forefront research methodologies for measuring and interpreting motor activity in animals, as well as their applications to preclinical and clinical research involving motor disorders. The contributors emphasize motor asymmetries, turning behavior, and dyskinetic movements. They also present a variety of quantitative approaches designed to assess specific aspects of motor activity and illustrate numerous computerized measuring techniques that permit detailed and objective approaches to quantifying motor behavior.
Motor Activity and Movement Disorders will contribute to a greater understanding of brain-behavior relationships through its focus on methodology and its application to current animal models and to human disorders.

Bone is ubiquitous and versatile, and uniquely repairs itself without scarring. However, we rarely see bone in its living state-and even then, mostly in two-tone images that only hint at its marvels. After it serves and protects vertebrate lives, bone reveals itself in surprising ways, sometimes hundreds of millions of years later. In Bones, orthopaedic surgeon Roy Meals explores and extols this amazing material that both supports and records vertebrate life. He demystifies the biological makeup of bones; how they grow, break and heal; and how medical innovations-from the first X-rays to advanced surgical techniques-enhance our lives. With enthusiasm and humour, Meals also reveals the enduring presence of bone outside the body-as fossils, ossuaries, tools, musical instruments-and celebrates allusions to bone in history, religion and idiom. Approachable and entertaining, Bones richly illuminates our bodies' essential framework.

Studies over the past decade have continued to bring tremendous advances to our understanding of bone biology. New pathways have been discovered and expanded our knowledge of the ways in which genes and gene products affect bone cells and thereby bone mass and bone strength. In Bone Research Protocols, Second Edition, expert researchers in the field detail many methods commonly used to study bone biology. Focusing mainly on in vitro methods, this volume gives techniques for isolation, culture and functional analysis of all bone cell types and details a range of imaging methods, including light and ultrastructural microscopy and live cell imaging. Some important in vivo techniques are included, such as analysis of bone resorption and imaging using X rays, fluorescent or luminescent techniques. Methods for study of proteins and nucleic acid are included and methods for analysis of bone composition, measurement of bone strength, and response to mechanical stimulation are described. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Bone Research Protocols, Second Edition seeks to aid scientists in the bone field to establish new techniques in their laboratories.

The World Health Organization's recently published Global Report on Drowning found that drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide-making the information presented in this new book an important part of the global effort to reduce this health risk. Written by leading researchers and academics from around the world, The Science of Beach Lifeguarding focuses on the scientific evidence that underpins what is taught to and practised by beach lifeguards. It is the first book to pull together all the different areas involved in beach lifeguarding and evaluate their evidence base. An accessible and informative reference underpinned by the best current research, the book's key themes cover the context of beach lifeguarding, the physical environment in which lifeguards work, medical aspects, practical lifeguarding techniques, physiological standards for lifeguards, safety education, and future developments in beach lifeguarding. The book presents groundbreaking work quantifying the scientific rationale behind a universally accepted fitness standard. It supplies an in-depth examination of the risks and hazards associated with the beach environment, including rip currents and cold water immersion. The book includes a state-of-the-art review of drowning and a comprehensive chapter on first aid. Detailing the recently announced 2015 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines, this book is a must-have for beach lifeguards, beach lifeguard managers, search and rescue personnel, paramedics, sports scientists, health and safety practitioners, and occupational health practitioners.

Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 2 provides a comprehensive review of the subject matter commonly encountered by practicing radiologists and radiology residents in training. This volume includes succinct overviews of metabolic, infectious, and congenital diseases; internal derangement of joints; and arthography, and ultrasound. Part of the Rotations in Radiology series, this book offers a guided approach to imaging diagnosis with examples of all imaging modalities complimented by the basics of interpretation and technique and the nuances necessary to arrive at the best diagnosis. Each pathology is covered with a targeted discussion that reviews the definition, clinical features, anatomy and physiology, imaging techniques, differential diagnosis, clinical issues, key points, and further reading. This organization is ideal for trainees' use during specific rotations, for exam review, or as a quick refresher for the established musculoskeletal imager. It is a must-read for residents and practicing radiologists seeking a foundation for the essential knowledge base in musculoskeletal imaging. Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 1 reviews trauma, arthritis, and tumor and tumor-like conditions.

This book brings together current knowledge concerning all aspects of the treatment of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in one volume.It covers both surgical and pharmacological treatment options: General Aspects on Osteoporosis and Fracture, Fracture Healing, Orthopedic Management Options, Non-Pharmacological Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures, and Identification and Management of Secondary or Localized Bone Loss. Individual chapters cover diagnosis and prevention, as well as discussing the treatment of individuals who have already sustained various osteoporotic fractures.The book will be of great interest to all individuals involved with osteoporosis prevention and management programs, including orthopedic and trauma surgeons, rehabilitation professionals, physio- and occupational therapists, and trainees within these fields.

This book covers the most important topics in the field of personalized orthopedics. It starts with the 3D geometry of the bones, focusing on the problem of reverse engineering of the bones. It also shows the application of a 3D geometric model of bone for the design of personalized implants and prostheses. This book covers the application of additive technologies in personalized orthopedics as well as prediction, simulation and optimization in personalized orthopedics. Its content provides the necessary knowledge for the transition from classical to personalized orthopedics. The authors present an original method for reverse bone engineering-the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF). This method is unique as it enables the reconstruction of the original geometry and topology of the bone, even when only data on its part are available. The application of this method is shown on the examples of human long bones, mandible and hip bone reconstruction. This book contains a review of several real cases of personalized implants. It gives several examples of prostheses for the design of which a 3D model of bones was used, as well as other patient data on the basis of which personalized prostheses were designed.

This book addresses instruments, methodologies and diagnostic methods used to evaluate and diagnose human movement, locomotion and physical status in general. Starting from historical perspective, the idea of understanding human locomotion by applying technical measurement devices and incorporating measurement data into physical representation of gross body movement is presented and explained, an approach known as inverse dynamics. With this approach as a kind of umbrella concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data processing methods are described. Modern instruments to capture body movement by measuring its kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyography (sEMG) are thus described; all systems being used dominantly-if not exclusively-in a movement analysis laboratory setting. Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also examples of movement patterns from selected kinesiological and sports activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical engineering approach to this subject matter. It illustrates how data collected and elaborated by modern engineering technology can complement traditional expert knowledge of a kinesiologist or a medical doctor. The book is applicable in the fields of sports, physical activities, as well as in medical diagnostics and rehabilitation. The examples of this book's practical application might be in evaluation of efficiency of human gait, in evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue in physical exercise, in biomechanical diagnostics of traumatological conditions requiring orthopaedic treatment and the like. This book can also be used in planning and executing research endeavours, particularly in a clinical context as a reference for various diagnostics procedures. It presents the lecture notes of a course carrying the same name within Medical Studies in English at the University of Zagreb for more than a decade.

Sharmila Majumdar In the area of osteoporosis and skeletal changes, it is currently accepted that bone mineral density (BMD), widely used for screening, monitoring and assessing therapeutic efficacy, does not adequately explain the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the process of aging, or the therapeutic efficacy of various treatments. In this context, trabecular micro- architecture has enormous potential to contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of osteopor.osis and therapy assessment. The use and value of noninvasive imaging and quantitative image analysis and processing of trabecular bone micro-architecture have increased dramatically due to recent advances in instrumentation and software. This emerging field is diverse, interdisciplinary, and encompasses many different imaging modalities. Interested researchers include those involved in technique development, basic science and animal studies, as well as clinical researchers and practicing physicians. With the growth of this area of research, a group of investigators at the 11th Interna- tional Workshop of Bone Densitometry, 1 concluded that a forum dedicated to this matter was urgently needed. With this agenda, Dr. Peter Ruegsegger organized the first sympo- 2 sium on conjunction with the 10th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics. The symposium on Bone Architecture and Competence was a two-hourlong event which resulted in five chapters in Bone Research and Biomechanics, edited by G. Lowet, P. Ruegsegger, H. Weinans, and A. Meunier, published by lOS Press, 1997. The second symposium was held as a pre-symposium to the 12th Workshop on Bone Denistometry,3 and flourished as a daylong event.

This book illuminates how crucial transformations in medical politics and organization were linked to wider changes in society, economy and ideology. Paying particular attention to developments in medical welfare for physically handicapped children, wounded soldiers and injured workers, this documented study challenges conventional accounts of medical specialization, provides Anglo-American comparisons and demonstrates the importance for medical modernity of changing interactions between philanthropy, war, labour, capital and the state.

Stone's Plastic Surgery Facts 4e provides a complete revision tool for the FRCS exit examination in plastic surgery. Written in the form of notes and lists, the full range of plastic surgery topics is covered as follows, wound care, burns, head & neck, cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies, breast, hand and upper limb, lower limb, skin and soft tissue tumours, genitourinary and trunk, aesthetic and general plastic surgery. Updated article summaries and a review section in each chapter highlight important points and explain common misconceptions. A vital resource for the surgical trainee.

All books on the market which have been written on the subject of botulinum toxin therapy focus on treatment of hyperactive movement disorders, autonomic dysfunction (bladder, sweat and salivary glands) and some pain indications (migraine). Reference to pre-or post -surgical indications are brief and often out-dated. No book has information on dentistry or veterinary medicine. This book provides up-to-date information on botulinum toxin therapy in surgical fields. It is also the only book in the market that provides information on botulinum toxin therapy in dentistry and veterinary medicine, furnishing the latest information. Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Surgery, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine appeals to many disciplines including surgery, dentistry and veterinary medicines well as appealing to neurologists and internists.

Sole reference in the field of orthopedic surgery

Bone Resorption, the second volume of the series Topics in Bone Biology, is centered on the osteoclast, the bone-resorbing cell. The volume thus c- plements the ?rst volume of the series, Bone Formation, which discussed origin, function, and pathology of the bone-forming cell, the osteoblast.Both volumes are addressed to scientists and clinicians who are active in or wish to enter the ?eld of skeletal function; this group encompasses a wide variety of specialties, including orthopaedics, rheumatology, endocrinology, nephrology, oncology, dentistry, nursing, and chiropractic medicine. Rubin and Green?eld, in the ?rst chapter, discuss the origin and differ- tiation of the osteoclast. Recognized as a multinuclear cell about 150 years ago, its origin was not uncovered until a century later when, as a result of an experiment in which quail and chicken cells were co-cultured, it became clear that osteoclasts arose from hematopoietic stem cells.The authors then discuss the osteoclastogenic factor, now known as RANKL; the inhibitory binding protein, osteoprotegerin (OPG); and the complex signaling pathway that leads to differentiation and late differentiation of this complicated cell. A section of the chapter is devoted to a concise discussion of regulators and repressors of osteoclast differentiation, including sex steroids, calcitonin, nitric oxide, and mechanical factors. The chapter concludes that the ost- clast modulates bone development, bone growth, and

This detailed second edition provides key updates on well-established methods as well as coverage of recently emerging sophisticated techniques and methods that are essential for an in-depth and state-of-the-art understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis and the pathological mechanisms that cause skeletal degeneration. The first half of the book examines cell and molecular biological aspects of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, while the remainder of the collection focuses on in vivo models of skeletal tissue injury, degeneration, and repair. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, Second Edition aims to assist investigators concerned with research topics broadly related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, as well as other musculoskeletal disorders.

This book explores the intricate connections that link the current digitalization of manufacturing to our daily lives and identities as members of highly technologized societies. Based on extensive research on the prosthetics industry in Germany, the USA, Canada, and Haiti, the author demonstrates the socio-material construction of users, examining the ways in which the introduction of 3D printing changes how artificial limbs are designed, manufactured, distributed and used. Addressing questions surrounding the capacity of flexible production to afford greater diversity of user roles, and the likelihood of 3D printing allowing for open-source hardware and the democratization of production, the author presents a theory of digitalization that sheds light on the dynamics of industrial transformation and the future of use. An empirically grounded and conceptually informed study, The Socio-Material Construction of Users will appeal to researchers in the fields of sociology, science and technology studies and organization studies, as well as readers interested in 3D printing and the digitalization of society.

In the eight years since the first edition of this book several marvelous technical advances have become available clinically for the care of patients with "failed back syndromes. " High resolution MRI scans, three dimension al CT scans, and percutaneous discectomy are notable technological ad vances. Overall, however, the problem of "the failed back" remains as complex and poorly understood as ever. A discouraging amount of what we claim to be our knowledge of the pathophysiology and appropriate therapy for the complex of disorders that constitute the failed back syndrome re mains unvalidated by careful scientific study. 1 The discussions of patho physiology, diagnosis, and therapy put forth in the first edition for the most part remain equally as valid or as controversial as they were eight years ago. The first edition was well received by numerous physicians and other health care givers from a variety of disciplines and through them the book seems to have contributed usefully to many of those who suffer the unpleasant mal adies of "the failed back. " I hope this second edition will likewise prove to be a positive contribution. The timing of the publication of this second edition is significant in several ways in the context of the current medicolegal climate in the United States."