This book explores the emerging speciality of fetal medicine. The new technology for examining DNA is described as a background to later chapters concerned with gene therapy and the examination of the conceptus. An account of laboratory techniques for studying the mouse embryo is illustrated by outstanding photographs of scanning electron microscopy. This book will be of interest to all those who are involved with the care of the pregnant woman and her fetus whether in medicine or in the law.

Social Work Law in Scotland provides a practical guide to the legal framework within which social work operates. Providing accessible explanations of law, the book provides coverage of key areas of law in social work including those relating to children, families and adult services. Social Work Law in Scotland is designed for use by students studying for a degree in social work as well as those in the profession.

Die Autorin schliesst eine Lucke in der Dogmengeschichte des Rechtsgedankens der Nichtigkeit sittenwidriger Vereinbarungen. Sie weist nach, dass die Kanonistik des Hochmittelalters im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung des Grundsatzes "pacta sunt servanda" eigene, neue inhaltliche Kriterien fur die Zulassigkeit von Vereinbarungen einfuhrte und spater einen theologisch begrundeten Begriff der "boni mores" schuf. Dieser wich von dem roemisch-rechtlichen Begriff der guten Sitten in der Legistik ab. Der Rechtsgedanke der Begrenzung der Vertragsfreiheit durch die guten Sitten als allgemeines und moralisches Kriterium ist heute in 138 BGB verankert. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass er auf das naturrechtlich begrundete Verstandnis der "boni mores" im kirchlichen Recht des Hochmittelalters zuruckzufuhren ist.

Borkowski's Textbook on Roman Law has been written with undergraduate students firmly in mind. The book provides a clear and highly readable account of Roman private law and civil procedure, with coverage of all key topics, including the Roman legal system, and the law of persons, property, and obligations.
Aiming to provide a rounded picture of the subject, the author sets the law in its social and historical context, and demonstrates the impact of Roman law on our modern legal systems.
A major feature of the book is the inclusion throughout of extracts in translation from the most important sources of Roman law: the Digest and the Institutes of Justinian. Annotated further reading sections at the end of each chapter act as a guide to further enquiry.
Online Resource Centre
The book is accompanied by an extensive Online Resource Centre, containing the following resources:
-Self-test multiple choice questions
-Interactive timeline
-Biographies of key figures
-Glossary of Latin terms
-Annotated web links
-Original Latin versions of the extracts from the Digest and the Institutes
-Examples of textual analysis of Roman law texts
-Guide to the literature and sources of Roman law

"The Dignity of Man: An Islamic Perspective" provides the most detailed study to date on the subject of the dignity of man from the perspective of Islam. M H Kamali sets out the proclamations on human dignity found in the Qur'an and then discusses topics pertaining to or resulting from human dignity: the physical and spiritual nobility of man; God's love for humanity; the sanctity of life; and the necessity for freedom, equality and accountability. Finally, the author examines the measures that the "Shariah" has taken to protect human dignity and to promote it in social interaction. The discussion is here presented in the light of the debate on the universality of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This book goes a long way towards exploring an alternative to Western concepts of human rights. "The Dignity of Man: An Islamic Perspective" is part of a series of studies on fundamental rights and liberties in Islam and should be read with its companion volumes of "Freedom,"" Equality and Justice in Islam," and "Freedom of Expression in Islam,"

2019 Choice Outstanding Academic title I.B.Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies Why is the term shari?a-the mention of which conjures up images of a politicised religion in many parts of the world-understood in the ways that it is today? For Muslims and non-Muslims alike, much is read into this term, often with scant regard for its historical, cultural or theological underpinnings. The politics of identity has a profound effect on contemporary life, both secular and religious, and this includes our understandings of the shari?a. Yet at the core of this concept, for Muslims, is the quest for a moral compass by which to navigate a path through life (Qur'an, 45:18), informed deeply by revelation and its interpretation by the Prophet Muhammad as well as his closest Companions. Built on this foundation is an ongoing human endeavour to grasp and lend expression to that teaching-elaborately in law, but no less so in devotional, ethical and customary practices in diverse Shi?i and Sunni Muslim communities, including in the West. Popular myths about the shari?a - that it is divine law, that it is contained in a single code recognised by all Muslims, that it is about controlling behavior, that it `defines' Islam - are challenged in this volume by leading scholars, with a view to illuminating how we arrived here and where we might be headed. The claims of the modern state as the custodian of the shari?a are put into perspective, alongside the vital role of a pluralist civil society. From bioethics, human development, family law and finance to constitutional and human rights issues, this fifth volume in the Muslim Heritage Series offers an accessible account of the ideals and realities of the shari?a. As such, it will appeal not only to specialists in the humanities and social sciences, but also to the general reader with an interest in global affairs and informed citizenship.

Since the Second World War, there has been a significant migration of Muslims to countries in the Western world. Muslims in Non-Muslim Land traces the process by which these migrants arrived in Western Europe - in particular Britain - and explains how the community developed its faith identity through three particular stances: assimilation, isolation and integration. The findings argue that the assumption that Islam causes Muslims to isolate from the indigenous population and form a 'state within a state' is false and that Islamic Law actually gives Muslims confidence and the ability to integrate within the wider society. The theological view that all non-Muslim lands are dar al-arb (domain of war) is challenged, and the study shows that the traditional interpretive model of Islamic Law inherently possesses the flexibility and applicability to take into consideration minority-status of Muslims in Britain. Muslims in Non-Muslim Land focuses on Islamic Law as interpreted by the anafi Law school and highlights in detail the multi-pronged and robust nature of its legal theory and subsequent application. What is ground-breaking about Muslims in Non-Muslim Lands is that it illustrates the ability of &anafi Law to deal with contemporary issues in a wide range of subjects. It also provides Muslims with ways of Islamically resolving medical, financial and political concerns. The study concludes that Islamic Law can facilitate the integration of Muslim minorities within secular societies while allowing them to still remain true to their faith.

Mit der im Zuge der letzten Zivilprozessreform einhergehenden Umgestaltung des Rechtsmittelrechts bot sich fur den Gesetzgeber die Moeglichkeit zu einer grundlegenden Integration des kontrovers diskutierten Instituts der ausserordentlichen Beschwerde in das kodifizierte Recht. Die Frage nach einer Existenzberechtigung ausserordentlicher Beschwerden auf der Grundlage des veranderten Zivilprozessrechts bedarf daher einer analytischen Beantwortung. Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der aktuellen hoechstrichterlichen und obergerichtlichen Rechtsprechung soll dabei die Defizite in der Anwendung ausserordentlicher Rechtsbehelfe darlegen.

Adultery, fornication, breach of marriage contract, sexual slander - these, along with religious offences of various kinds, were typical of the cases dealt with by the ecclesiastical courts in Elizabethan and early Stuart England. What was it like to live in a society in which personal morality was regulated by law in this fashion? How far-reaching was such surveillance in actual practice? How did ordinary people view the courts - as useful institutions upholding accepted standards, or as an alien system purveying unwanted values? How effective were the church courts in influencing attitudes and behaviour? Previous assessments of ecclesiastical justice, coloured by contemporary puritan and common law criticisms, have mostly been unfavourable. This in-depth, richly documented study of the sex and marriage business dealt with under church law, based on the records of the courts in Wiltshire, Cambridgeshire, Leicestershire and West Sussex in the period 1570-1640, presents a more balanced and more positive view.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Regelungen der 217 ff. InsO auf ihren Reformbedarf, was die Stellung der Gesellschafter im Insolvenzplanverfahren angeht. Deren vergleichsweise starke Position ist ihrer wirtschaftlichen Situation unangemessen und kann sich bei der Sanierung insolventer Gesellschaften als Hemmnis erweisen. Soll das Planverfahren eine ernstzunehmende Alternative in der Insolvenz der Gesellschaft sein, scheint ein Abschied von der gesellschaftsrechtlichen Enthaltsamkeit der InsO unumganglich. Die Untersuchung legt dar, unter welchen Voraussetzungen sich Eingriffe in Gesellschafterrechte im Planverfahren rechtfertigen lassen und zeigt konkrete Loesungsansatze auf. Vor dem Hintergrund des Regierungsentwurfs zu einem Gesetz zur weiteren Erleichterung der Sanierung von Unternehmen (ESUG) ist die Problemstellung von hoechster Aktualitat.

Now in its fourth edition, Rant on the Court Martial and Service Law has been fully updated to reflect the introduction of the Armed Forces Act 2021. This includes amendments to the constitution of the Court Martial and qualified majority verdicts, the ability to appoint a Circuit Judge as Judge Advocate, the power to rectify mistakes in Summary Appeal Court and Service Civilian Court, and amendments to the process for service complaints appeals. The book also considers the introduction of deprivation orders and driving disqualification orders, as well as the power of British overseas territories to apply the Armed Forces Act 2006. The new edition includes a new chapter offering extensive coverage of the Armed Forces Act 2021. This is in addition to updates to existing chapters regarding the historical context of the service justice system through to the current day, the service environment and powers of service police, the Court Martial, sentencing, and the appeals process. This is an essential handbook for those practicing in the service justice system and for academics researching service law.

This book explores the contentious topic of women's rights in Muslim-majority countries, with a specific focus on Iran and the Iranian women's movement from 1906 to the present. The work contextualizes the authorial self through the use of personal narrative and interviews. A new critique of Islamic law is produced through an in-depth study of the Iranian Constitution, civil and criminal codes. The work presents a novel reconceptualization of the term "Islamic feminism" by revisiting the arguments of various scholars and through analysis of interviews with Iranian women's rights activists. It is contended that the feminist movements can play a critical role in Islamic law reform and consequently the eventual implementation of international human rights law in Muslim-majority countries. What emerges from this study is not only a feminist critique of two major regimes of law, but also the identification of possibilities for reform in the future. The study transitions from the Iranian national context to the international by way of a comparative legal study of international human rights laws and Islamic laws. The book will appeal both to academics and human rights practitioners.

Card and James' Business Law is the most detailed account of business law, providing commanding analysis of the English legal system, contract law, the law of tort, employment law, and partnership and company law. Discussion of the core elements is supplemented with learning features which have been integrated throughout to support study and make the subject more accessible. Relevant examples from the business environment and the key legal cases are presented to help students build a greater understanding of the interconnections between the law and the corporate setting. Chapter introductions and summaries help students identify the salient points of each chapter, while self-test questions allow students to reinforce understanding. The book is accompanied by a collection of online resources to help students approach assessments with confidence: including supplementary problem and essay questions, multiple choice questions with instant feedback, and revision summaries.

The majority of construction work is carried out by subcontractors. As building projects become more complex, subcontractors need to understand the implications of the agreements they sign. The JCT 2011 Building Subcontracts has been written to help the busy subcontractor deal effectively with the range of JCT 2011 subcontracts they will encounter. It covers the most commonly use 2011 subcontracts, looking at the key contract conditions, the rights and obligations of the parties and how risk is allocated. A key element of the book is the discussion of the main practical problems that arise. Accessible and practical, this book will ensure building and construction subcontractors understand these contracts and have an easy to consult reference if any questions arise. It will also be of interest to main contractors, architects, contract administrators, project managers, quantity surveyors, contracts consultants and construction lawyers.

Athenian power and prosperity in the fourth century B.C. was based largely on commerce. The complex litigation arising from commercial activities was heard in special maritime courts, dikai emporikai, the subject of this monograph. Using both ancient and secondary sources, Edward E. Cohen has pieced together the evolution of these courts and has explored their procedure and jurisdiction. He successfully treats the much-discussed problem of why they were termed "monthly," and makes it clear that "supranationality" was a feature of all Hellenic maritime law. He shows conclusively that their jurisdiction was limited ratione rerum, not ratione personarum, because a legally defined "commercial class" did not exist in Athens at this time. Classicists and lawyers alike will find this a fascinating study. It not only contributes to our understanding of the Athens of Plato, Aristotle, and Demosthenes, but also points out that certain principles of Athenian maritime law are still imbedded in the modern international law of maritime commerce. Originally published in 1973. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The importance of language and its use in legal reasoning in Islamic law is explored in this legal text. Covering such topics as linguistic principles and legal rulings, the clarity and ambiguity of linguistic terms, the general and specific qualities of words, and the ambiguity and clarity of selected terms, this linguistic study places the discussion of Islamic language and law into its context, introducing fundamental principles of Islamic jurisprudence and its development, branches, importance, and relationship with the other Islamic sciences. Readers will learn about the tools developed by Islamic scholars in making the law, the methods used in Islamic legislation, and the sources of Islamic law.

Muslim Qur'anic interpretation today is beset by tensions. Tensions between localising and globalising forces; tensions between hierarchical and egalitarian social ideals; and tensions between the quest for new approaches and the claim for authority raised by defenders of exegetical traditions. It is this complex web of power structures, local as well as global, that this book seeks to elucidate. This book provides a fresh perspective on present-day Qur'anic interpretations by analysing the historical, social and political dimensions in which they take place, the ways in which they are performed and the media through which they are transmitted. Besides discussing the persistence of exegetical traditions and the emergence of new paradigms, it examines the structural conditions in which these processes occur. Languages, nation states, global human rights discourses and intra-Islamic divisions all shape the nature of interpretive endeavours and frequently fuel conflicts over the correct understanding of the Qur'an. This book contains more than twenty detailed case studies of recent Qur'anic interpretations, based on translated texts that cover a variety of languages, regions, media, genres, approaches, authors and target groups. They are integrated into the chapters, bring their arguments to life and stimulate fundamental reflections on the authority of the text and the authority of its interpreters.

Al-Qa?i al-Nu?man was the chief legal theorist and ideologue of the North African Fatimid dynasty in the tenth century. This translation makes available in English for the first time his major work on Islamic legal theory, which presents a legal model in support of the Fatimids' principle of legitimate rule over the Islamic community. Composed as part of a grand project to establish the theoretical bases of the official Fatimid legal school, Disagreements of the Jurists expounds a distinctly Shi?i system of hermeneutics, which refutes the methods of legal interpretation adopted by Sunni jurists. The work begins with a discussion of the historical causes of jurisprudential divergence in the first Islamic centuries, and goes on to address, point by point, the specific interpretive methods of Sunni legal theory, arguing that they are both illegitimate and ineffective. While its immediate mission is to pave the foundation of the legal Isma?ili tradition, the text also preserves several Islamic legal theoretical works no longer extant--including Ibn Dawud's manual, al-Wu?ul ila ma?rifat al-u?ul--and thus throws light on a critical stage in the historical development of Islamic legal theory (u?ul al-fiqh) that would otherwise be lost to history.

Employment Law in Context provides students with a complete guide to employment law. David Cabrelli combines extracts from leading cases and articles with insightful and sophisticated author commentary to provide the reader with a full, critical understanding of employment law. As well as providing a thorough grounding in individual labour law, and drawing attention to key and current areas of debate, this title offers the reader detailed analysis of the social, economic, political, and historical context in which employment law operates. An innovative running case study contextualizes employment law and demonstrates its practical applications by following the life-cycle of a company from incorporation, through expansion, to liquidation. Reflection points and examples encourage the development of critical thinking skills and students' ability to view the issues practically. Digital formats and resources The fourth edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources. - The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks - The text is supported by a range of online resources, including: - Four supplementary chapters on collective employment law to facilitate a broader understanding of the subject - Additional reading lists to accompany topics signposted in each chapter and annotated web links to key online resources to direct further research - A flashcard glossary helps students test their understanding of terms highlighted and defined in the book - Answer guidance on end-of-chapter 'Reflection points'

This book traces the emergence and development of the idea of literal meaning in Islamic legal hermeneutics. Literal meaning is what a text means in itself, regardless of what its author intends to convey or the reader understands to be its message. As Islamic law is based on the central texts of Islam, the idea of a literal meaning that rules over human attempts to understand God's message has resulted in a series of debates amongst modern Muslim legal theorists. In this reading of Islamic legal hermeneutics, Robert Gleave explores various competing notions of literal meaning, linked to both theological doctrine and historical developments, together with insights from modern semantic and pragmatic philosophers. It focuses on Islamic legal writings, with reference to Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir) and Arabic rhetorical works. It describes Muslim debates through the lens of modern Western linguistic philosophy, opening the topic up for Western scholars.

This volume provides a comprehensive survey of the contemporary study of Islamic law and a critical analysis of its deficiencies. Written by outstanding senior and emerging scholars in their fields, it offers an innovative historiographical examination of the field of Islamic law and an ideal introduction to key personalities and concepts. While capturing the state of contemporary Islamic legal studies by chronicling how far the field has come, the Handbook also explains why certain debates recur and indicates fundamental gaps in our knowledge. Each chapter presents bold new avenues for research and will help readers appreciate the contested nature of key concepts and topics in Islamic law. This Handbook will be a major reference work for scholars and students of Islam and Islamic law for years to come.

Belligerent occupations existed in both World Wars and have occurred more recently in all parts of the world (including Iraq, Afghanistan, the former Yugoslavia, Congo, Northern Cyprus, Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Eritrea and Ethiopia). Owing to its special length - exceeding half a century and still in progress - and the unprecedented flow of judicial decisions, a special focus is called for as regards to the occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel. International law addresses the subject of belligerent occupation in some detail. This second, revised edition updates the text (originally published in 2009) in terms of both State practice and doctrinal discourse. The emphasis is put on decisions of the Security Council; legislation adopted by the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq; and predominantly case law: international (Judgments of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the European Court of Human Rights; Advisory Opinions and Arbitral Awards) as well as domestic courts.

Es wird die Komplexitat von Umweltverschmutzung und Gesundheitsbeeintrachtigung im Kontext von sozialer Indikation dargestellt. Mit Hilfe von Sozialindikatoren wird aufgezeigt, wie Umweltverschmutzung, Gesundheitszustand, Bildungsteilhabe und Arbeitswelt auf die Menschen, insbesondere in Ballungsgebieten und in ausgewahlten Innenstadtbereichen sowie in Satelitenstadten unmittelbar zusammenhangen. Die Bewertungsgroessen Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) und Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) werden im Kontext der Humanbiometereologie (HBM) ausfuhrlich diskutiert Stadtklimatologie und Geometrie der Stadtarchitektur werden in Hinblick auf die urbane Gesundheit und die soziale Beeinflussungen der Bewohner dargestellt.

Das Werk umfasst uber 750 Fragen und Antworten sowie funf UEbungsfalle auf Examensniveau zum BGB AT. Dabei werden insbesondere auch Querverbindungen zwischen den verschiedenen Themenfeldern aufgezeigt, in der Art, wie sie in mundlichen Prufungen gern abgefragt werden. Neben zahlreichen zusatzlichen Fragen enthalt die Neuauflage auch Vertiefungshinweise, die den Nutzern die Prufungsvorbereitung zusatzlich erleichtern. Das Buch bezweckt, samtliche examensrelevanten Themen abzuhandeln.