This book systematically introduces the Brain in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its acupuncture treatments. It discusses the origin and development of the TCM Brain theory, and presents current research on brain and acupuncture, the unique brain related techniques such as scalp acupuncture and Dao-qi technique, the new developing acupuncture treatment methods for brain-related conditions, such as stroke, Parkinson's, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, autism, cerebral palsy and depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder among others. This book is of interest to TCM and acupuncture practitioners in the West, as well as acupuncture researchers and lecturers. It gives a new understanding of the brain and treatments for brain-related conditions from a complementary medicine point of view.

There have been tremendous recent advances in the pharmacotherapy, dose regimens, and combinations used to treat cancer and for the treatment or prevention of the spread of disease. As a direct result of these advances, there are an increasing number of cancer survivors, although research dealing with chemotherapy-induced pain is still in its early years. Written for pain management specialists, oncologists, pharmacologists, students, and primary care practitioners, Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain provides insight into the important area of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. It reviews the basic and clinical research into the normal physiology of pain transmission pathways, neuropathic pain pathology, the chemotherapeutic drug mechanisms of action and adverse effects, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and drug discovery efforts for treatment. The contributors comprise an impressive list of clinical and basic science experts in the fields of pain mechanisms and pain management. Included are clinical directors of pain clinics and clinical research facilities, directors of large academic pain research laboratories, analgesic drug developers, and presidents of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), Association of Chronic Pain Patients (ACPP), and the British Pain Society (BPS). Through them, the book provides the reader with an exceptional opportunity to acquire a fundamental understanding of the basic concepts related to this topic.

Pain Genetics: Basic to Translational Science is a timely synthesis of the key areas of research informing our understanding of the genetic basis of pain. The book opens with foundational information on basic genetic mechanisms underlying pain perception and progresses recently discovered complex concepts facing the field. The coverage is wide-ranging and will serves as an excellent entry point into understating the genetics of pain as well as providing a single resource for established researchers looking for a better understanding of the diverse strands of research going on in the area. With contributors painstakingly selected to provide a broad range of perspectives and research, Pain Genetics will be a valuable resource for geneticists, neuroscientists, and biomedical professionals alike.

The interest of researchers, clinicians, practitioners and surgeons in critical care medicine is growing. Clinical pharmacology and new technologies now allow more appropriate therapies, and the commitment of all those involved in this field is of fundamental importance for reaching high interventional standards, in both the prevention and treatment of critical conditions, but also for satisfying the concept of cost-effectiveness in critical care. In this volume advances in critical care medicine are described, including the application of new technologies in the clinical setting, the full integration of computers and informatics, and the continual training of physicians and technicians.

Chapters on pain definition and assessment, basic mechanisms, and epidemiology provide a foundation for a detailed discussion of the most common pain syndromes. The identification and treatment of specific syndromes are highlighted in separate chapters on headache, neuropathic pain, low back pain, fibromyalgia and myofascial pain, arthritis and cancer pain. An entire section devoted to therapeutics provides current information about a broad spectrum of analgesic approaches, including drug therapy, anesthetic techniques, surgery, physiatric modalities, and psychologic interventions.

The management of critically ill patients has, in the past few years, been a discipline at the forefront of development which continues to make progress with the support of basic and clinical research in the broadest sense. The application of biotechnology in this particular area has revealed itself to be essential in an attempt to provide the best interpretation of the bio-humoral and functional alterations present in a long series of often complex clinical conditions. The care of the critically ill is also at the forefront in the application of increasingly sophisticated clinical monitoring systems that also contribute to standardizing certain procedures, establish guidelines, and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and their costs

Cancer: Palliative Care examines the nature of the care and support that can be provided to those in need of palliative care and their families. This covers not only the physical treatment, such as pain management, but also the psychological well-being of patients. Health workers, clinicians, specialist nurses and medical students will find a balanced and thoughtful overview of the subject which will be of value in managing patients and helping them to come to terms with their condition.

There is no ideal analgesic and the most potent drug is not always the best because of its side-effects. Non-opioid analgesics, including the non-steroi- dal anti-inflammatory drugs and the non-narcotic analgesics, play an im- portant role in the relief of a wide spectrum of painful conditions, though they vary in efficacy and safety. This book reviews the role which non-opi- oid analgesics play in the relitff of pain, particularly with regard to post- operative and cancer pain. Emphasis is placed on the clinical indications for the non-acidic analgesic, dipyrone, and its relative safety in comparison to other non-opioid anlgesics. Michael J. Parnham 9 Introductory remarks Klaus A. Lehmann, Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University of Cologne, J osef-Stelzmann-Str. 9, D-50924 Cologne, Germany Opioids are considered to be the most potent analgesics for the manage- ment of acute and chronic pain. Much progress has been achieved with respect to their general availability in most countries, and health care per- sonnel have been encouraged to use these drugs more generously in a vari- ety of pain syndromes, including post-operative or cancer pain. The intro- duction of new techniques such as Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) or guidelines such as the WHO ladder concept for cancer pain mangement have considerably increased our knowledge of their benefits and prob- lems.

Many patients come to the Accident and Emergency department in pain or with conditions requiring local or general anaesthesia. Close co-operation between the staff of the Anaesthesia and Accident and Emergency departments is vital if anaesthesia and analgesia are to be dealt with efficiently and safely. This new edition has been extensively revised throughout, especially with regard to resuscitation techniques. It provides a concise guide to anaesthesia and pain relief in emergency medicine. Throughout, the emphasis is on the practical management of problems, giving clear instructions about the treatment of common conditions.

This book shows concrete techniques and exercises of psychological pain management, with which it is possible to reduce pain permanently. It is aimed at all pain patients who want to actively manage pain and at all therapists and doctors who want to support their patients in this. The more than 30 successful techniques and exercises, such as mindfulness exercises, relaxation techniques or hypnosis procedures, can be used alone at home without a doctor or therapist. Each exercise is explained step-by-step and simply, is scientifically recognized, has no side effects, and is effective regardless of the cause or location of the pain. The book also provides a wealth of background information on the development of pain and numerous practical tips. The 4th edition is completely updated.

Post-Operative Recovery and Pain Relief describes the major problems that may be encountered during recovery from anaesthesia and suggest how they may be avoided by careful monitoring, vigilant nursing and sound organization. The behaviour of patients during recovery is influenced by their pre-operative medical condition, by drugs they may receive both pre- and intra-operatively and by the nature of the surgery they have undergone. This updated and revised version of Eltringham's "Post Anaesthetic Recovery" contains sections devoted to each of these areas which reflect the current best practice. Post-Operative Recovery and Pain Relief will be of interest not only to nursing staff working in operating theatres and post-operative care units but also to those working in surgical units, house officers and junior anaesthetists.

Dipyrone is widely acknowledged to be an effective antipyretic analgesic with an additional intrinsic spasmolytic activity. It has stood the test of time over the last 75 years in many clinical settings throughout the world. Some 20 years ago, however, concern arose over the implications of isolat ed reports of agranulocytosis following use of dipyrone. Based on these initial cases the Swedish authorities ordered the withdrawal of the drug from the market. Subsequently, dipyrone has been subjected to extensive comparative epidemiological and clinical studies. The results of these in vestigations have allayed the earlier concerns and have shown dipyrone to be a versatile analgesic drug with an overall risk of serious adverse events lower than most other non-opioid analgesics. Based on these results, the Swedish authorities (Lakemedelsverket) have approved the reintroduc tion of dipyrone to clinical use as a valuable contribution to pain treat ment. In connection with this further milestone in the story of the drug, a symposium was held in Stockholm on March 14, 1996, under the chairman ship of Professor N. Rawal to review the current understanding of the ac tion, efficacy and safety of dipyrone. The highlights of this Hoechst symposium emphasize particularly the therapeutic basis for the use of dipyrone in the modern treatment of acute post-operative pain. 9 Mode of action of dipyrone Professor K. Brune, M. D. Erlangen, Germany Most non-opioid analgesic drugs are inhibitors of cydo-oxygenase, the en zyme catalysing the formation of prostaglandins (PGs).

INTRATHECAL DRUG THERAPY FOR SPASTICITY AND PAIN is a practical manual for nurses and physician assistants who use Intrathecal Drug Infusion for treating patients suffering from spasticity and chronic pain. This book supplies users of this new technology with the information they need to utilize it effectively, including pump mechanics and the pharmacology of drug delivery. No other book of its kind exists, and its users at the over 100 facilities that use implanted drug delivery have relied solely on the pump manufacturer's manuals. The authors are from a leading center for research and applied use of these pumps and, working with Dr. Richard Penn, have spent years developing the skills necessary to utilize this system efficiently. Dr. Penn, who writes the Foreword, has personally implanted over 3000 pumps.

Pain in oncology, and especially in patients with advanced disease, is an essential issue which cannot be overlooked. Today, pain is worldwide recognised as a very complex symptom which includes different aspects such as somatic, spiritual, social and psychological pain. Practical and scientific knowledge of pain in cancer should be part of the pre and post training of general practioners and oncologists. This manual reflects the opinion of different authors, contributors to pain clinic. These guidelines cover all different aspects of cancer pain. It responds to a need for information, education and training in the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer pain. The reader will find useful information and suggestions as how to diagnose and treat pain from a pharmacological, surgical and psychosocial point of vIew. Pain therapy is a very important part of quality of life; due to its relevance, we think that this manual will be a useful tool for all health professionals, and we are grateful to Drs. K. Foley and F. De Conno for their generous contribution in making this effort successful. Alberto Costa Director European School of Oncology Vlll Acknowledgements The European School of Oncology wishes to acknowledge Janssen Pharmaceutica for an educational grant for the sponsorship of this manual. Pain - definitions, classification and pain. Patients who are aware that their causes pain is temporary have a more positive attitude.

This monograph presents electric therapy for the reduction of pain in a different way than the classical well known manner to use electric currents of various kinds for this purpose. It started when Melzack and Wall published their theory of pain. But contrary to most researchers, the author looked for a proof which objectively could demonstrate, that electric current would have an influence on nerve fibers conducting pain. Starting from this model of demonstration, an optimal type of current could be selected as well as optimal electrode positions and sizes of electrodes. It is an absolute new approach presenting the results of applying the type of current to more than 17.000 patients suffering from any kind of pain. Anatomic sketches and photo-documentation of electrode positions for many conditions allow the reader to obtain identical degree of pain reduction as the author describes from his great experience. In addition, a brief theoretical introduction and discussion of the influence of weather on pain is given. Practical forms for the management of pain are presented in an appendix. 256 references and a table of suitable apparatus with their essential technical characteristics facilitates correct application of this new principle.

E.MARTIN Acute pain services are now established worldwide and guidelines have been drawn for the management of acute pain resulting from surgical or medical procedures and trauma. However, the treatment of pain after surgery is still inadequate and no progress has been made in recent years in several coun tries, including Germany. There are still innumerable patients who find the is also no early postoperative period to be an unpleasant experience. There doubt that pain plays a role in the pathogenesis of postoperative complica tions that could be avoided with effective pain management. However, concern about side effects and inadequate knowledge of the pharmacokinet ics and -dynamics of drugs is still putting constraints on treatment. An acute pain service should be responsible for adequately treating pain, training medical and nursing staff, and evaluating new and existing methods of treatment. As anesthesiologists deal with pain in the operating theater, it is not surprising that they claim a leading role for themselves in acute pain services choosing from the various postoperative pain treatment options."

Epidural opioids are widely used in the management of post- operative pain. On the basis of an extensive review of the literature the authors here present their own interpretation of current knowledge of how the distribution and effectiveness of epidurally administered opiods are fundamentally determined. They conclude that all opioids that are currently being used to treat postoperative epidural pain carry the potential risk of severe side effects if the dose regimens are not tailored to the patients individual analgesic need. This book will serve to stimulate new ideas among pain specialistst.

Returning for its fifth edition, the Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has been re-energized by new editors and a specialist contributor team, while still retaining its much-loved, clear and concise style. Written for anaesthetists at all stages of their careers, from trainees sitting exams through to experienced consultants as well as ODPs and nurses involved in theatre area work and pre-assessment, this comprehensive guide to the anaesthetic world is as indispensable as ever. This new edition has been completely revised and brings you the most up-to-date guidance and information to keep pace with fast-moving areas of anaesthesia, including a completely revised regional anaesthesia chapter. Now in full colour and packed with enhanced illustrations throughout, including new ECG rhythm strips and illustrations of specialist equipment, the Handbook also includes colour coding for easier navigation. Designed for daily use, this Handbook is your essential companion to anaesthesia, with everything you need at your fingertips whether on the go or for revision.

No matter what questions arise in practice or while preparing for boards, Pain Management Secrets, 3rd Edition has the answers. A two-color page layout, portable size, and a list of the "Top 100 Secrets" in pain management help you better meet the challenges you face today. You'll find all the features you rely on from the Secrets Series (R)-a question-and-answer format, lists, mnemonics, tables and an informal tone-that make reference fast and easy. The proven Secrets Series (R) format gives you the most return for your time - concise, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. Covers the full range of essential topics in pain management for in-training or practicing professionals. Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. Portable size makes it easy to carry with you for quick reference or review anywhere, anytime. Fully updated throughout, with new chapters on the latest areas in pain medicine, clear illustrations and figures, and a list of current websites that expedite study and review. Written and fully updated by internationally known pain medicine experts, including new editors Drs. Andrew Dubin and Julie Pilitsis. NEW! Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Largely reorganised and much expanded in this second edition, Practice and Procedures brings together in a single volume general methods of pain assessment and presents the wide range of therapies that can be provided by a range of health care disciplines. Authored by a multidisciplinary team of experts, chapters can stand alone for readers looking for a general overview of the methods of techniques for pain management available to them or work to complement chapters in the preceeding three volumes, providing practical procedures and applications in the management of acute, chronic and cancer pain. The book is divided into three parts. Part One covers the principles of measurement and diagnosis, including history taking and examination, the selection of pain measures, diagnostic tests and novel imaging techniques. Part Two discusses the full range of therapeutic protocols available, from pharmacological therapies, through psychological techniques, physical therapy and international procedures, to techniques specific to pain assessment and management in paediatric patients. Part Three provides information on planning, conducting, analysing and publishing clinical trials, with invaluable guidance on the techniques of systematic review and meta-analysis in pain research. Part Four considers the role of multidisciplinary pain management teams, their organization, their place within different health care systems, and how best to manage change when implementing such a service. Part Five concludes the volume, investigating the use of guidelines, standards and quality improvement initiatives in the management of post-operative pain, and discussing the expert medicolegal report.

Since 1961, when pain therapy was introduced by Bonica, the- re have been world-wide efforts to establish basic regimens for the treatment of chronic pain. Yet many patients still continue to suffer from intractable pain despite the availa- bility of effective treatment that would greatly improve their quality of life. The lack of specialists familiar with recent developments is one of the causes. There is con- sequently a great demand for interdisciplinary pain clinics and specialist training programs. This book constitutes both a valuable introduction and an overview of current basic regimens and the latest sophisticated techniques in pain therapy.

Aimed at health care professionals and their colleagues, ministers of religion and funeral directors, this comprehensive work of reference describes the complex procedures required when someone dies. The information should be of value to all those who are concerned with the correct handling of situations as diverse as fatal mass disasters and the rites that are associated with those who hold unfamiliar religious beliefs. The guide is in three parts: legal and technical aspects; considerations for the living, care of the dying, and death with dignity; and religious, ethnic and cultural aspects of dying and death. The author combines medico-legal facts and practical, sensitive advice.