Increasingly diverse conditions now treated surgically combined with developments in technology have made the field of pediatric anesthesia more complex. Even common medical problems may give rise to difficult decisions. This has created a need for a resource that covers the latest techniques in the field. Authoritative and comprehensive, Problems in Anesthesia: Pediatric Anesthesia provides guidance for a number of problematic clinical scenarios. Highlighting the widening scope of the field, the book contains case histories that demonstrate successes and complications for a wide range of conditions. The book disseminates practical knowledge and experience to those working in this field and paves the way for further investigation and continued advancement. The editors, internationally recognized as experts in their field, have done an excellent job of putting together a panel of contributors. The exhaustive coverage of a range of frequent and infrequent problems puts their expertise within your reach.

Whether initiated by injury or disease, induced and sustained by changes in the nervous system, or manifested by society and culture, chronic pain can change one's first-person experience of the body and the world, and ultimately impacts cognitions, emotions, and behavior. Many fine medical books address the causes and management of chronic intractable pain, but rarely do they focus on the ways that such pain creates illness and is experienced and expressed by persons in pain. Maldynia: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Illness of Chronic Pain is about chronic pain that has progressed to a multidimensional illness state in and of itself. Although often dismissed as such, this pain is not imaginary, but rather represents an interaction of neurobiological processes, emotional and behavioral responses, and socio-cultural effects and reactions that become enduring elements in the life and world of the pain patient, and often remain enigmatic for those who provide care. Taking a comprehensive approach that covers science, humanities, and culture, this volume emphasizes the need for researchers, clinicians, and caregivers to regard the ways in which chronic intractable pain becomes illness and affects a patient's biological, social, and psychological states, as well as his or her sense of self. Edited by neuroscientist and neuroethicist James Giordano, this book contains 17 insightful chapters representing medicine, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, ethics, history, art, and the ministry, this volume: * Provides an overview of the history of pain and its treatment since Hippocrates * Addresses the neurobiology and experience of chronic pain * Discusses possible relationships of chronic pain to spirituality * Details the role and value of narrative and expression, as well as technology in assessing maldynic pain * Posits the basis for an ethic of pain care * Explores the problematic nature and implications of pediatric maldynia * E

This reference presents a detailed overview of approaches and techniques in the management of pain caused by tissue, nerve and central nervous system injuries, categorizing pain into a variety of syndromes and underlying mechanisms to aid the development of interventional pharmacologic measures.

Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain provides a cutting-edge and comprehensive review of interventions for chronic pain grounded in biopsychosocial frameworks. Each chapter gives readers the opportunity to solidify their knowledge of major approaches to chronic pain in an accessible format. Reflecting national efforts to reduce prescriptions for pain medications and increase access to interdisciplinary treatment approaches, the book also considers a wide range of person-level variables such as age, cultural factors, and comorbid mental health conditions. In this book, mental health and allied health professionals will find the tools they need to understand the real-world delivery of chronic pain treatments in a wide variety of settings.

Largely reorganised and much expanded in this second edition, Practice and Procedures brings together in a single volume general methods of pain assessment and presents the wide range of therapies that can be provided by a range of health care disciplines. Authored by a multidisciplinary team of experts, chapters can stand alone for readers looking for a general overview of the methods of techniques for pain management available to them or work to complement chapters in the preceeding three volumes, providing practical procedures and applications in the management of acute, chronic and cancer pain. The book is divided into three parts. Part One covers the principles of measurement and diagnosis, including history taking and examination, the selection of pain measures, diagnostic tests and novel imaging techniques. Part Two discusses the full range of therapeutic protocols available, from pharmacological therapies, through psychological techniques, physical therapy and international procedures, to techniques specific to pain assessment and management in paediatric patients. Part Three provides information on planning, conducting, analysing and publishing clinical trials, with invaluable guidance on the techniques of systematic review and meta-analysis in pain research. Part Four considers the role of multidisciplinary pain management teams, their organization, their place within different health care systems, and how best to manage change when implementing such a service. Part Five concludes the volume, investigating the use of guidelines, standards and quality improvement initiatives in the management of post-operative pain, and discussing the expert medicolegal report.

Acute Pain brings coverage of this diverse area together in a single, comprehensive clinical reference, from the basic mechanisms underlying the development of acute pain, to the various treatments that can be applied to control it in different clinical settings. Much expanded in this second edition, the volume reflects the huge advances that continue to be made in acute pain management. Part One examines the basic aspects of acute pain and its management, including applied physiology and development neurobiology, the drugs commonly used in therapy, assessment, measurement and history-taking, post-operative pain management and its relationship to outcome, and preventive analgesia. Part Two reviews the techniques used for the management of acute pain. Methods of drug delivery and non-pharmaceutical treatments including psychological therapies in adults and children and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are considered here. Part Three looks at the many clinical situations in which acute pain can arise, and the methods of treatment that may be suitable in each circumstance, whether the patient is young or old, has pain due to surgery, trauma, medical illness or childbirth, or is undergoing rehabilitation. Issues specific to the management of acute pain in the developing world are also covered here.

Hip and Knee Pain Disorders has been written to provide a state-of-the-art, evidence-informed and clinically-informed overview of the examination and conservative management of hip/knee pain conditions. Under the current predominantly evidence-based practice paradigm, clinician expertise, patient preference, and best available research determine examination, and prognostic and clinical management decisions. However, this paradigm has been understood by many to place greater value and emphasis on the research component, thereby devaluing the other two. Evidence-informed practice is a term that has been suggested to honor the original intent of evidence-based practice, while also acknowledging the value of clinician experience and expertise. In essence, evidence-informed practice combines clinical reasoning, based on current best evidence, with authority-based knowledge and a pathophysiological rationale derived from extrapolation of basic science knowledge. Unlike other published textbooks that overemphasize the research component in decision-making, this book aims to address the clinical reality of having to make decisions on the management of a patient with hip/knee pain, in the absence of a comprehensive scientific rationale, using other sources of knowledge. It offers an evidence-informed textbook that values equally research evidence, clinician expertise and patient preference. The book is edited by three recognised world leaders in clinical research into manual therapy and chronic pain. Their research activities are concentrated on the evidence-based management of musculoskeletal pain conditions using conservative interventions. For this book they have combined their knowledge and clinical expertise with that of 38 additional contributors, all specialists in the field The contributors include a mix of clinicians and clinician-researchers. Hip and Knee Pain Disorders is unique in bringing together manual therapies and exercise programs in a multimodal approach to the management of these pain conditions from both a clinical, but also evidence-based, perspective. It acknowledges the expanding direct access role of the physical therapy profession. The book provides an important reference source for clinicians of all professions interested in conservative management of the hip and knee regions. It will also be useful as a textbook for students at both entry and post-graduate level.

Following recent guidelines set by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, this reference presents the most current diagnostic and treatment protocols for migraine and other headache conditions. Chapters are authored by internationally renowned headache clinicians and scientists, including several past presidents of the American Headache Society and the International Headache Society. User-friendly and up-to-date, this reference offers useful tables, algorithms, and diagrams that lead clinicians to effective treatments for the management of migraine and the reduction of migraine severity.

Now divided into four parts, the second edition of Cancer Pain delivers broad coverage of the issues that arise in the management of malignancy-related pain, from basic science, through end of life care and associated ethical issues, to therapies, both medical and complementary. Part One reviews basis considerations in cancer pain management, including epidemiology, pharmacology, history-taking and patient evaluation and teamworking. Part Two brings together the drug therapies for cancer pain, their underlying basis, and potential side-effects. Part Three covers the non-drug therapies, including nerve blocks, stimulation-induced analgesia, radiotherapy, complementary therapies and psychological interventions. The control of symptoms other than pain, so critical to cancer patients, is also considered here. Part Four describes special situations. Cancer pain management in children and older patients, and in the community setting, and pain in the dying patient and the cancer survivor are all covered here.

In the past two decades, pain research has become one of the most rapidly growing areas of neuroscience activity. Methods in Pain Research brings together in a single volume a survey of the methods that can be used to study a reaction or 'sensory report' in humans that can only be inferred by indirect means in animal or tissues studies. It presents source material, useful advice, and guidance to specific details as well as examples of current usage.

With each topic presented by one or more of the leading experts in the field, it examines the major modern techniques used in studying pain, including gene linkage, brain imaging methods, the use of transgenic rodent models, painful sensory neuropathy models, and more. The material also covers conventional methods of pain study, such as anatomical and electophysiological techniques. Methods in Pain Research provides up-to-date methodology and a guide to the strategies of experimental design.

One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practicality of clinical trials, Translational Pain Research: From Mouse to Man effectively bridges the gap between basic research and patient care by humanely examining rodent models for pain associated with bone cancer, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and cardiac episodes. Distinguished Team of International Contributors In addition to addressing the groundbreaking technical advances in tract tracing, endocannabinoids, cannabis, gene therapy, siRNA gene studies, and the role of glia, cytokines, P2X receptors and ATP, this book also presents cutting-edge information on: Nociceptor sensitization Muscle nociceptors and metabolite detection Visceral afferents in disease Innovative rodent model for bone cancer pain Highly specific receptor cloning Modular molecular mechanisms relevant to painful neuropathies This sharply focused work also discusses unexpected discoveries derived from brain-imaging studies related to thalamic pain. Translational Pain Research covers the progress made toward bringing laboratory science (much of it at the molecular level) to our understanding of pain phenomena in humans, with the ultimate goal of reducing the suffering that often accompanies pain and its indirect consequences.

Utilizing evidence-based research, this revolutionary source explores the difficult diagnosis and management of the controversial syndrome of fibromyalgia. Carefully guiding physicians through the steps leading to diagnosis, Fibromyalgia emphasizes targeting the underlying fibromyalgia syndrome rather than treating each of its symptoms individually. Written by recognized experts, the book: Describes how to diagnose fibromyalgia Advises how to handle patient distress Recommends when to refer a patient to a specialist Discusses how to motivate behavior changes in patients Explores both traditional and up-and-coming pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment methods

This book provides candidate with revision resource for the newly introduced inclusion of single best answer (SBA) questions as part of the Primary FRCA examination. The answers come with explanations and references which help the reader delve into the subject.

Clinically oriented and evidence-based, Practical Guide to Chronic Pain Syndromes supplies pain specialists, neurologists, and anesthesiologists with the latest critical advances in pain management. Key features include: Sections clearly organized by specific pain syndromes Chapters with basic structural templates for fast-referencing Two supplemental sections offering in-depth discussions of medications and other treatment options Treatment recommendations for an array of syndromes, including headache/facial pain and soft-tissue, neuropathic, rheumatological, abdominal, urological, low back, and cancer-related pain The book delivers a swift and accurate diagnosis aide for the treatment of pain syndromes and the creation of treatment plans for chronic pain patients.

The first clinically focused text dedicated to the newly emerging area of pain medicine known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia provides pain specialists, anesthesiologists, and neurologists with the most current, cutting-edge research and therapeutic options for treating OIH patients. It supplies best practice guidelines for the effective assessment, diagnosis, and management of OIH-need-to-know information clinicians trust and can use in their practice. Organized to provide the information quickly and easily, the book includes dosage recommendations to help minimize the likelihood and/or delay onset of hyperglasia and covers management approaches such as opioid rotation and tapering, provide clinicians with alternative methods for treating OIH's difficult, persistent, and varied problems.

Events in a neurological intensive care unit are not always predictable and patients can often be unstable. This practical manual is a clear and concise guide for recognising and managing neurological emergencies. Each chapter covers a crucial topic in neurocritical care, from understanding the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases, to neuroradiology used in diagnosis, and best practice for difficult decision making in the ICU. A variety of conditions are described such as haemorrhage (intracerebral, subdural, and subarachnoid), seizures, trauma and temperature dysregulation. An international team of experts have contributed chapters, providing a breadth of experience and knowledge for readers. This is an invaluable guide for clinicians on the front line of caring for patients with neurological emergencies who need life-saving answers quickly.

An excellent introduction for nurses to all aspects of pain and its management. Topics examined are relevant to all areas of health care practice and include:
*types of pain
*the experience of pain, including psycho-social factors
*interventions (pharmocological, physical and psychological)
*alternative and complementary therapies.
Caring for People in Pain clearly sets out the research base for practice and provides a thorough and accessible text for students of this core topic on all entry level and many post-registration nursing courses.

Pain syndromes involve a complex interaction of medical and psychological factors. In each syndrome unique physiological mechanisms are mediated by emotional states, personality traits, and environmental pressures to determine the nature and extent of pain complaints and pain-related disability. The Handbook addresses the complexities of chronic pain in three ways.
Section I describes general concerns that cross-cut the different syndromes, such as the use of narcotic pain medications, the detection of deception and malingering, and the epidemiology of pain. Section II presents comprehensive reviews of a wide range of pain syndromes. Each covers basic pathophysiology, psychological factors found to influence the course of the syndrome, and syndrome-specific multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Most of the Section II chapters are coauthored by psychologists and physicians. Section III discusses pain in special populations, including the elderly and children.
The "Handbook" is the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and integrated single-volume resource for all those professionally concerned with pain.

In this book, public health ethicist Daniel S. Goldberg sets out to characterize the subjective experience of pain and its undertreatment within the US medical establishment, and puts forward public policy recommendations for ameliorating the undertreatment of pain. The book begins from the position that the overwhelming focus on opioid analgesics as a means for improving the undertreatment of pain is flawed, and argues instead that dominant Western models of biomedicine and objectivity delegitimize subjective knowledge of the body and pain in the US. This general intolerance for the subjectivity of pain is part of a specific American culture of pain in which a variety of actors take part, including not only physicians and health care providers, but also pain sufferers, caregivers, and policymakers. Concentrating primarily on bioethics, history, and public policy, the book brings a truly interdisciplinary approach to an urgent practical ethical problem. Taking up the practical challenge, the book culminates in a series of policy recommendations that provide pathways for moral agents to move beyond contests over drug policy to policy arenas that, based on the evidence, hold more promise in their capacity to address the devastating and inequitable undertreatment of pain in the US.

Pain is an unfortunate daily experience for many individuals. Chronic pain -- lasting six or more months -- is suffered by approximately 30% of the population in the United States. These individuals wake up, function during the day and go to sleep, trying to keep pain at a minimum while, at the same time, maintaining some quality of life. They may make frequent visits to the doctor and the pharmacy. When they find relief, it is usually short-lived and comes at a cost such as dependence on narcotic medications or complete limitation of activity. Pain often becomes the central point of their existence.
This practice guide describes an approach to psychological evaluation of the chronic pain patient who is being considered for surgery. A large body of research is accumulating which demonstrates that the outcome of surgical procedures aimed at chronic pain relief can be strongly influenced by psychological and emotional factors. This approach, termed "presurgical psychological screening" (PPS) uses interview and testing techniques to identify emotional, behavioral, and psychosocial difficulties which have been demonstrated to negatively impact surgical outcome. Studies show that even patients with clearly identifiable pathophysiology may respond poorly to surgery, due to issues such as pain sensitivity, medication dependence, rewards for pain behavior and personality style. Thus, some insurance carriers, rehabilitation nurses and state worker's compensation systems are encouraging, or even requiring, presurgical psychological screening in cases of surgery designed to relieve chronic pain.
The first to present a comprehensive, unified approach to PPS in chronic pain syndromes, this text is designed to provide the behavioral health practitioner, as well as the trainee, with all the tools and information necessary to conduct PPS evaluations. It identifies a multitude of risk factors for poor surgical outcome and reviews research associated with each risk factor. Hands-on techniques for eliciting information from the patient about risk factors is also detailed. Toward this end, the practice guide also contains a number of forms and session outlines which can be directly utilized, or which can be altered to fit readers' needs. Models for weighing and combining surgical outcome risk factors are also provided. Thus, practitioners are able to reach valid and reliable predictions of surgical results. Finally, the text provides outlines of psychological interventions which can facilitate surgical outcome as well as surgical treatment alternatives. Upon completion of this practice guide, readers should be able to begin providing PPS evaluations which are scientifically valid, clinically sound, and which result in significant overall improvement in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes.

"I just wish I had armfuls of time." These are the words of a four year old facing a life-threatening illness. This text portrays the psychological experience of such children, who are irreversibly changed from the moment of diagnosis. Barbara Sourkes is a psychologist who specializes in psychotherapy with children who have cancer and other serious diseases. In the account, she describes how she works with these children, using drawings, soft toys and dolls, stories and real medical instruments to allow them to communicate their experience of the illness, the treatment they undergo, their relationship with their families, and their feelings of grief and loss in coming to terms with the prospect of death. Making use of the words of children, offering interpretations and practical advice, this is a book that should be useful reading for those concerned with the care of terminally ill children.

The most misunderstood and complex subject in medicine is the hyperpathic pain of sympathetic dystrophy. More common than previously thought, it comprises between 10 and 20 percent of chronic pain patients. Understanding this self-perpetuating pain -- which "never stops" -- requires unbiased knowledge of physiology and pathology.
Chronic Pain: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Prevention, and Management is devoted to the subject of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD). The book classifies the different stages of RSD and describes the qualitative and quantitative differences between natural endorphins and synthetic narcotics. Included are long-term follow-ups on sympathectomy patients.
This important reference explains why sympathectomy fails, but nerve block and physiotherapy is successful in the treatment of RSD. In addition, the mechanism of development of RSD is clarified through an extensive collection of drawings and anatomical pictures as well. Other topics include thermographic methods for the diagnosis of RSD, the role of ACTH in the management of chronic pain, and comparisons between the effects of ACTH and those of corticosteroids.

Features
o Classifies the different stages of RSD
o Features the most comprehensive coverage of the literature on RSD and its related aspects
o Describes qualitative and quantitative differences between natural endorphins and systemic narcotics
o Examines the role of ACTH in the management of chronic pain
o Clarifies the mechanism of development of RSD through an extensive collection of drawings and anatomical pictures
o Explains why sympathectomy fails, but nerve block and physiotherapy is successful in the treatment of RSD

This unique new guide integrates recent advances in the biopsychosocial understanding of chronic pain with state-of-the-art cognitive therapy and mindfulness techniques to offer a fresh, highly-effective MBCT approach to helping individuals manage chronic pain. * There is intense interest from clinicians, researchers and patients alike in mindfulness-based therapeutic techniques, and the integration of mindfulness theory and practice with CBT * Provides everything a therapist needs to integrate MBCT into their practice and optimize its delivery, including a manualized 8-session program and guidance on how to teach MBCT skills * Features case studies and real-world examples that help practitioners to avoid common pitfalls and optimize the delivery of MBCT for chronic pain for their own individual clients * Features links to guided meditations, client and therapist handouts and other powerful tools

Recent advances in medicine for resuscitation and care have led to an increased number of patients that survive severe brain damage but who are poorly responsive and non-communicative at the bedside. This has led to a striking need to better characterize, understand, and manage this population who present a real challenge for the assessment of pain and for planning treatment. This edited collection provides clinicians with a guide to recent developments in research on pain perception and assessment, and the detection of consciousness and communication in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). With contributions from leading global researchers, the book gives an overview of issues concerning the assessment of pain. It also covers the development of suitable tools both to improve pain management and to detect consciousness and communication in these patients, to influence their prognosis and treatment, and their quality of life. Methodological and ethical issues concerning the implication for future research are also considered. The book will be an invaluable guide for clinicians, medics and therapists working in rehabilitation and acute care, particularly in the demanding field of pain perception, pain assessment and detection of consciousness and communication in patients with DOC. It will also be useful for students and researchers in neuropsychology and medical sciences.