The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), in particular HIV-1, are the causative agent responsible for the current worldwide epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A major effort has thus been underway over the past two decades to understand and control this pathogen. During this time, an enormous knowledge base has accumulated regarding the role of viral factors in the HIV-1 life cycle, and the interaction of HIV-1 with the host cell is becoming increasingly understood. Certain features of HIV, for example its ability to infect non-dividing cells, are being exploited in the development of novel gene therapy vehicles. This volume provides an overview of the current information regarding the HIV replication cycle and will serve as an introduction to subsequent chapters that address specific aspects of lentiviral-based gene therapy.

Cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid is a technically simple, yet productive, diagnostic procedure. Here is a practical guide to this method, as used in the diagnosis of different pathologies. High-quality slides depict the common cerebrospinal fluid cell types, cell anomalies in inflammatory conditions and neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders, and cases with contaminants. It 's required reading for pathologists, as well as neurologists and neurosurgeons.

This issue of Advances in Molecular Pathology will provide a comprehensive review of the most current practices, trends, and developments in the field of Molecular Pathology. Publishing on an annual basis, the volume will be divided into 7 sections: Genetics, Hematopathology, Infectious Disease, Pharmacogenomics, Informatics, Solid tumors, and Identity/HLA. Led by Dr. Gregory Tsongalis of Dartmouth University, a team of experienced pathologists from institutions across the country oversee annual topic and expert author selection.

Key Features: • Discusses the clinical and applied aspects of forensic medicine through illustrative case scenarios and reports. • Addresses the needs of clinicians and forensic medicine specialists in writing medico-legal reports for specific cases. • Provides evidence-based solutions to medicolegal and ethical dilemma faced during routine practice.

'A perfect blend of cutting-edge science and compelling storytelling. Daniel Davis has a rare knack for making complex science comprehensible and thrilling' BILL BRYSON Welcome to a revolution in the science of you. Recent and dramatic breakthroughs in our understanding of the body will profoundly change the experience of being human in the coming century. Already they are opening up boundary-breaking possibilities for intervention at every level, from our brains and genes to our microbiomes and immune systems. These will confer unprecedented powers over health, childhood development, our cognitive and physical abilities, and affect every aspect of how we live our lives and think about ourselves. As the secrets of our bodies are revealed, we all will face previously unthinkable choices with consequences we have yet to understand. Imagine knowing years in advance the precise likelihood of developing specific cancers, thanks to a bespoke understanding of every cell in your body; following a diet and health regime tailored to your microbiome; continuous monitoring of your body's workings and well-being; taking drugs that improve your cognition and help to acquire new skills; manipulating the genes of your unborn children to eliminate disease or even enhance their capabilities. Written by an award-winning scientist at the forefront of this work, The Secret Body shows how these radical and disconcerting possibilities have been made real thanks to the ingenious technologies and decades-long collaborations of scientists worldwide. A gripping drama of discovery and a landmark account of this dawning revolution, it presents a vision of the human body of dizzying complexity, wonder and possibility. 'A beautifully rendered picture of the startling new discoveries in human biology which are radically altering our understanding of how we function and what our future holds' BRIAN COX 'An extraordinary journey that reveals the magnificence, intricacy and beauty of the human body, fundamentally changing the way we see ourselves. Masterful' ALICE ROBERTS

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human gamma herpes virus that remains one of the most successful viral parasites known to man. It is the etiological agent of infectious mononucleosis and is the major biological cofactor contributing to a number of human cancers including B-cell neoplasms (e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and immunoblastic lymphomas), certain forms of T-cell lymphoma, and some epithelial tumors (e.g. nasopharyngeal carcinomas and gastric carcinomas). The virus has the unique ability to persist in the infected, apparently healthy host for life. Understanding the molecular interaction between EBV and its human host, the ability of the virus to modulate the host immune system, its ability to hide in B-memory cells and factors that trigger viral reactivation are fundamental to understanding the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of the virus. This is critical for the development of strategies for the prevention and control of infection and disease. In this book, world renowned EBV experts provide a critical and comprehensive review of every aspect of this important virus. By integrating genetic, immunologic, and cell biologic approaches to elucidate pathogenesis, penetrating new insights into the molecular and cellular interaction between EBV and its human host have emerged. Topics covered include: discovery, history and seroepidemiology, EBV and the immune response, EBV genetics, EBV infection and persistence, latency, lytic proteins and reactivation control, vaccine approaches, animal models, and the future of EBV studies. This is essential reading for all EBV virologists as well as clinical and research scientists working on oncogenic viruses.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was first isolated in 1938 by Kubes and Rios (1) from the brain of a horse which died during an epizootic of a previously unrecognized disease in Venezuela. VEE-related viruses were subsequently isolated during t~e period of 1943-1963 in Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Trinidad, Brazil, Surinam, Argentina, Panama, Mexico, and the United States (2) * Shope et ~. (3) fi rst defi ned the vi ru ses in the VEE comp 1 ex t-y showing serological relationships between classical VEE, ~lucambo, and Pixuna viruses. Young and Johnson (2) serologically characterized a variety of VEE isolates and proposed that the complex t>e divided into four subtypes (I, II, III, and IV). Viruses in subtype I were divided into five variants designated IA through IE. During 1069-1~71 a VEE epizootic-epidemic occurred in South America, Central America, and the United States involving a subtype lAB virus which caused high mortality among equines and human d i sea se (4). Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are alpha-togaviruses w~ic~ contain a positive strand rit>onucleic acid genome enclosed in an icosa~edral nucleocapsid. The virion has an envelope which contains blO glycoproteins: E2 of 5F,000 daltons (gp56) and E1 of ~O,OOO daltons (gp50) (5,6). Viral neutralization (N) and hemagglutiration (HA) sites have been placed on E2 by the use of monospecific rabtdt antisera and monoclonal antibodies specific for purified viral structural proteins (7-10). Only anti-E2 antisera neutralized virus infectivity or blocked virus hemagglutination.

Medicinal Plants in Asia and Pacific for Parasitic Infections: Botany, Ethnopharmacology, Molecular Basis, and Future Prospect offers an in-depth view into antiprotozoal pharmacology of natural products from medicinal plants in Asia with an emphasis on their molecular basis, cellular pathways, and cellular targets. This book provides scientific names, botanical classifications, botanical description, medicinal uses, chemical constituents and antiprotozoal activity of more than 100 Asian medicinal plants, with high quality original botanical plates, chemical structures, and pharmacological diagrams and lists hundreds of carefully selected references. It also examines the pharmacological and medicinal applications of Asian medicinal plants especially in drug development for protozoan prevention and treatment. Medicinal Plants in Asia and Pacific for Parasitic Infections is a research tool and resource for the discovery of leads for the treatment of protozoal diseases based on interrelated botanical, biochemical, ethnopharmacological, phylogenetic, pharmacological, and chemical information.

For fans of Tess Gerritsen and Kathy Reichs comes a gripping debut thriller introducing Camden's most exciting new forensic investigator. 'SPELLBINDING STORYTELLING' VAL MCDERMID 'A FIRST-RATE CRIME NOVEL ... I LOVED IT' ELLY GRIFFITHS 'LIKE SILENT WITNESS BUT MUCH MORE BELIEVABLE' SUSI HOLLIDAY **DON'T MISS CASSIE RAVEN'S NEXT MYSTERY, CASE SENSITIVE, AVAILABLE TO PRE-ORDER NOW!** Mortuary technician Cassie Raven believes the dead can talk. We just need to listen . . . Cassie Raven is used to people thinking her job is strange - why would anyone want to cut up dead bodies for a living? But they don't know what she knows: that the dead want to tell us what happened to them. She's eviscerated thousands of bodies, but never someone she knew, someone who meant a lot to her - until now. The pathologist says her death was an accident. Her body is telling Cassie differently. Praise for Body Language: 'Blackly humorous, with a fabulously one-of-a-kind protagonist' Heat Magazine 'Ingenious and sardonically written' Financial Times '[A] gritty novel with an engaging heroine' Sunday Times 'A terrific, well-placed plot' Spectator 'Cassie Raven is a lot of fun to spend time with' Big Issue 'Excellent fun, compulsive and Cassie Raven is a protagonist I want to meet again soon' James Oswald 'Cassie Raven is a blast of fresh air, striding onto the crime scene like a punk superstar' Sarah Hilary 'Move over Silent Witness - Cassie Raven is an utterly compelling contemporary forensic heroine' Isabelle Grey 'A fresh and exciting new series' Claire McGowan 'One of the best series openers I've read in years' Jane Casey

Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Applications, Second Edition, gives an overview of advanced and emerging technologies in the detection of a range of waterborne pathogens. In addition, the book presents existing methodologies, highlights where improvements can be made, includes applications, and touches on the ways in which new technologies can be applied in water management. Finally, the book addresses issues of sample preparation (from sampling, to concentration and enrichment), a key stage in any detection protocol.

Intraoperative Frozen Sections presents diagnostic challenges involved in the evaluation in the pathology lab of specimens obtained during surgery through the case experience of expert pathologists. Sixty three problems cover the wide range of approximately of problems encountered in intraoperative consultations. Each presentation provides the case information as presented to the consultant, the evaluation and analysis of the specimen, discussion of the results and teaching points observed in the case, and an overall comment providing additional context for the diagnostic problem that has been presented. This problem-oriented format makes the book a superb reference resource for the working diagnostician and an ideal teaching tool for the resident or fellow. Coverage includes paediatric specimens and there is a section describing recognition of artifacts. Each case presentation is supported by several high-quality colour photomicrographs with detailed explanations of each image, including images of the permanent sections and immunostains where applicable. Features of Intraoperative Frozen Sections Include: Cases outline expert approach to diagnostic problems and technical issues most likely to be encountered in frozen section analysis. Coverage includes pediatric specimens and recognition of artifacts. Special emphasis on difficult problems and avoiding diagnostic pitfalls. Provides common differential diagnoses for specific lesions seen in frozen section analysis (e.g. mimics of renal neoplasia). Nearly 500 high-quality colour photomicrographs and detailed discussions of diagnostic features of each image.

Designed to complement Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition and Robbins Basic Pathology, 10th Edition, the full-color Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology offers more than 1,800 outstanding illustrations that vividly depict the most common diseases covered in pathology courses and USMLE exams. Covering all major topic areas in organ system pathology and incorporating the latest understanding of pathophysiology and molecular medicine, it is a quick visual reference or review for students and professionals alike. Quickly compare gross, microscopic, and radiologic images with examples of normal organs and tissues. Review just the key information you need to know with help from extensive legends that provide convenient summaries and highlight key aspects of patient care and diagnostic strategies. Understand the correlation between pathology and clinical history, physical exam findings, and clinical laboratory tests. Visualize key pathologic findings with crystal clarity through over 100 new or updated images. Access the complete, fully searchable text plus BONUS e-only figures via the accompanying downloadable eBook. Study effectively with this unique companion product! Use as a standalone atlas or alongside the other Robbins 'family' titles. All chapters have been thoroughly revised to reflect the chapter organisation and new content found in Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th edition. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book combines the reference material of a nephrology textbook with the everyday relevance of a clinical handbook. This second edition develops and expands upon the success of the first. All the content has been updated and entirely new chapters on acid-base disorders and stone disease have been added. Understanding Kidney Diseases includes over 60 real-life case studies and is illustrated with over 200 figures. Readers can test their knowledge with a bank of multiple-choice questions and put it into practice by answering questions that patients frequently ask. The book provides all that students, residents and fellows need in order to approach a patient with a kidney problem with confidence.

Biochemical parameters represent better, precise, and objective tools toward the assessment of the nutritional status of children in comparison to anthropometric, clinical, and dietary methods. They constitute laboratory tests to estimate the concentration of circulating nutrients in body fluids. Biochemical parameters are suggestive of acute or subclinical conditions when other methods of nutritional assessment fail to interpret the condition. These parameters exhibit substantial variability in their reproducibility. Moreover, these parameters are novel tools in the hands of clinicians for screening of the nutritional status of children. Key Features Covers the latest biochemical parameters for nutritional assessment Updated content is useful for clinicians, nutritionists, and general practitioners A unique and concise treatise covering descriptive and research-based work on a crucial health issue of worldwide prevalence About the Author Anil Gupta, PhD, is the Dean of Research at Desh Bhagat University and Professor and Head, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry at Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India.

Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added.

The volume will be an invaluable tool for all those requiring in depth knowledge in the ever expanding field of infection control.

This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine will cover Precision Medicine in Practice: Molecular Diagnosis Enabling Precision Therapies. Curated by Dr. Ryan J. Schmidt, this issue is one of four selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Milenko Tanasijevic. The volume will include articles on: Features of a Comprehensive Precision Medicine Program for Constitutional Genetic Disorders, Establishing a Precision Medicine Center of Excellence for Rare Disease, High-throughput DNA Sequencing for Rare Disease Diagnosis, Enhancing Diagnosis through RNA Sequencing, Interpretation of Rare Genetic Variants, Clinical Bioinformatics, Precision Therapies for Retinal Dystrophy, Precision Therapies for Muscular Dystrophy, Therapeutic Gene Editing, High Throughput Functional Studies of Genetic Variants, and Patient-specific Disease Models.

This issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics will cover Current Trends in Neuropathology. Curated by Dr. David M. Meredith, this issue will explore topics in the field that are relevant for practicing clinicians. This issue is one of four selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Jason L. Hornick. The volume will include articles on: Diversity in IDH-wildtype adult gliomas, pediatric gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, embryonal tumors, Molecular advances in tumors of the meninges, pituitary tumors, molecular diagnostics of CNS hematologic malignancies, Infectious diseases of the CNS, Iatrogenic neuropathology of systemic therapies, the future of neuropathology, the potential of digital image analysis and deep learning for CNS tumor diagnosis, and comparative evaluation of molecular and cytogenetic assays.

A short, highly readable and well illustrated book on general and systematic pathology, approached from the point of view of what medical students need to know in order to understand the clinical work they will eventually be doing. Includes a great variety of self-assessment, to reinforce the messages and to test understanding - and to help students prepare for exams. Concise synoptic (not telegraphic text). Appropriate self-assessment material. Only covers core, so student knows the whole book is essential. Includes key objectives. Contains simple and memorable diagrams for reproduction in exams. Ideal for learning as well as examination review, specifically trying to stimulate the student into assessing his/her own knowledge. The books in the series both complement other available major texts, but also contain enough material to stand in the own right. Provides examination practice. Part of co-ordinated series. Now general and systematic pathology combined in one volume. Further refinement to contents to reflect evolution of what is regarded as core knowledge. Major revision of self-assessment material to match change in style of examination (mainly more EMQ- and OSCE-style questions). New cover design.

This book, the proceedings of Falk Symposium 133 on Mechanisms of Intestinal Inflammation: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention in IBD', held in Berlin, Germany, on 10-11 June 2003, summarizes present knowledge in the area of unspecific and specific immune reactions in the gut, recording the gaps in our knowledge and, in particular, presenting the possibilities of targeted intervention. The link to inflammatory bowel diseases - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - is always in focus. Chapters by an international panel of basic scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians also record the problems which can originate through today's possible modulation of the immune reaction, setting the basis for review of clinical problems. This book is valuable readings for all scientists and physicians, who, from different perspectives, have an interest in research on IBD and in the clinical management of these diseases.

An understanding of virus infection and the underlying role of the immune system in protection against these diseases is vital in today 's medical climate. Previously, only symptoms could be treated, as there were no antiviral therapies. The increasing amounts of research and the huge number of discoveries of immunologic agents and pathways has led to the opportunity to look to the basic physiology of the various disease process as never before. This book is designed to provide the clinician with a thorough and yet approachable textbook describing the relationships between immunology, virology and the disease process.

This updated second edition of Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections, presented in two volumes, covers both common and neglected bacterial pathogenic agents, highlighting the most effective methods for their identification and classification in the light of their specific epidemiology. New chapters have been included to add new species, as well as another view of how bacterial typing can be used. These books are valuable resources for the molecular typing of infectious disease agents encountered in both research and hospital clinical laboratory settings, as well as in culture collections and in the industry. Each of the 21 chapters provides an overview of specific molecular approaches to efficiently detect and type different bacterial pathogens. The chapters are grouped in five parts, covering respiratory and urogenital pathogens (Volume I), and gastrointestinal and healthcare-associated pathogens, as well as a new group of vector-borne and Biosafety level 3 pathogens including a description of typing methods used in the traditional microbiology laboratory in comparison to molecular methods of epidemiology (Volume II). Comprehensive and updated, Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections provides state-of-the-art methods for accurate diagnosis and for the correct classification of different types which will prove to be critical in unravelling the transmission routes of human pathogens.

Doctors and the general public are increasingly recognising diseases of the vulva and vagina as a cause of sexual dysfunction, morbidity and death, yet the wide but sometimes rare range of conditions involving this area are poorly represented in most textbooks of pathology. As the first volume in the Essentials of Diagnostic Gynecological Pathology series sponsored by the British Association of Gynecological Pathologists, Pathology of the Vulva and Vagina is one of the very few dealing wholly with this subject. Pathology of the Vulva and Vagina introduces the topic with a stylishly illustrated description of the embryology and development which is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis and symptomatology. Subsequent chapters cover infections and non- infectious dermatoses, specifying those that can predispose to cancer. The precancerous conditions of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia, melanocytic proliferations and extra-mammary Paget's disease are integrated respectively with accounts of human papilloma virus, malignant melanoma and recent awareness of ano- genital mammary-like glands. Advances in the recognition of potentially confusing benign conditions, prognosis and staging update the pathology of squamous and adenocarcinoma in these organs. The difficulties of sentinel node biopsy are explored and a comprehensive chapter clearly highlights the difficult differential diagnosis of mesenchymal lesions. As most histopathology departments receive many gynecological specimens, Pathology of the Vulva and Vagina has been written to be useful diagnostically to general as well as specialist gynecological histopathologists and pathologists in training. Gynecologists, oncologists, dermatologists, genitourinary physicians and cancer nurse specialists will find expert insights here that will help in treatment and counselling of their patients.

During the 10 years since the last edition of Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas, based on the updated Kiel classification, our knowledge on malignant lymphomas, especially on extranodal lymphomas, has increased. This volume - Histopathology of Nodal and Extranodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas - is an expanded and completely revised edition, now based on the WHO classification. The parallels to the updated Kiel classification and the REAL classification are indicated. The information is organized in organ-specific chapters, comprising the well-known nodal lymphoma entities as well as all known extranodal lymphomas and the different organ-specific clinico-pathological entities: lymphomas of the spleen, the gastrointestinal tract, the skin, etc. In addition to the morphology, the major immunohistochemical, molecular genetic, and clinical data are included in each chapter.

Anthony Killeen, MD, PhD, offers a comprehensive yet concise introduction to molecular pathology that encompasses both applied and theoretical knowledge. Writing in a very readable style, the author reviews the basic concepts of human molecular biology, explains the principles of the most commonly used analytical methods, and discusses the molecular principles that underlie both inherited diseases and acquired genetic abnormalities that lead to cancer. Using common viral infections as examples, the book applies these molecular methods to the detection of microbial pathogens. The growing importance of pharmacogenetics and identity testing in the clinical laboratory is also highlighted.