This issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Kirk Jones, will cover key topics in Pulmonary Pathology. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. Jason L. Hornick. Topics discussed in this issue will include: Lung Carcinoma on Small Biopsy, Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors, Lung Cancer Staging, Mesothelioma, Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease, Lung Transplant Pathology, Autoimmune connective tissue-associated pulmonary disease, Pulmonary Drug Reactions, Small Airway Disease, and Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease, among others.

Anthony Killeen, MD, PhD, offers a comprehensive yet concise introduction to molecular pathology that encompasses both applied and theoretical knowledge. Writing in a very readable style, the author reviews the basic concepts of human molecular biology, explains the principles of the most commonly used analytical methods, and discusses the molecular principles that underlie both inherited diseases and acquired genetic abnormalities that lead to cancer. Using common viral infections as examples, the book applies these molecular methods to the detection of microbial pathogens. The growing importance of pharmacogenetics and identity testing in the clinical laboratory is also highlighted.

Multiple demographic or economic parameters contribute to the origin of emerging infections, for example: poverty, urbanization, climate change, conflicts and population migrations. All these factors are a challenge to assess the impact (present and future) of parasitic diseases on public health. The intestine is a major target of these infections; it is a nutrient-rich environment harbouring a complex and dynamic population of 100 trillion microbes: the microbiome. Most researches on the microbiome focus on bacteria, which share the gut ecosystem with a population of uni- and multi cellular eukaryotic organisms that may prey on them. Our interest focuses on the families of eukaryotic microbes inhabiting the intestine, called "intestinal eukaryome", that include fungi, protists and helminths. Knowledge on the reciprocal influence between the microbiome and the eukaryome, and on their combined impact on homeostasis and intestinal diseases is scanty and can be considered as an important emerging field. Furthermore, the factors that differentiate pathogenic eukaryotes from commensals are still unknown. This book presents an overview of the science presented and discussed in the First Eukaryome Congress held from October 16th to 18th, 2019 at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This book covers the following topics: Phylogenetic, prevalence, and diversity of intestinal eukaryotic microbes; and their (still enigmatic) historical evolution and potential contributions to mucosal immune homeostasis. Integrative biology to study the molecular cell biology of parasite-host interactions and the multiple parameters underlining the infectious process. The exploitation of tissue engineering and microfluidics to establish three-dimensional (3D) systems that help to understand homeostasis and pathological processes in the human intestine.

This book combines the reference material of a nephrology textbook with the everyday relevance of a clinical handbook. This second edition develops and expands upon the success of the first. All the content has been updated and entirely new chapters on acid-base disorders and stone disease have been added. Understanding Kidney Diseases includes over 60 real-life case studies and is illustrated with over 200 figures. Readers can test their knowledge with a bank of multiple-choice questions and put it into practice by answering questions that patients frequently ask. The book provides all that students, residents and fellows need in order to approach a patient with a kidney problem with confidence.

Guest edited by Drs Sarah Vossoughi and Brie Stotler, this issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine will cover several key areas of interest related to Pediatric Transfusion Medicine. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Dr. Milenko Tanasijevic. Articles in this issue include but are not limited to: Transfusion in the Pediatric Patient: Review of Evidence Based Guidelines, Transfusion in the Neonatal Patient: Review of Evidence Based Guidelines, Massive Transfusion in the Pediatric Patient, Pediatric Hemovigilance and Adverse Transfusion Reactions, Inventory Management and Product Selection in Pediatric Blood Banking, Evaluation and Management of Coagulopathies and Thrombophilias in the Pediatric Patient, Transfusion and Cellular Therapy in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease, Cellular Therapy in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies, Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn: Historical and Current State, Novel Blood Component Therapies in the Pediatric Setting, and more.

Hepatitis delta virus which causes severe acute and chronic liver disease was discovered following the detection of a novel antigen-antibody system in hepatitis B virus carriers. Currently, HDV is classified as a subviral satellite of hepatitis B virus. However, unlike other satellite viruses, the dependence of HDV on HBV is limited solely to the provision of an envelope of hepatitis B surface antigen for virus assembly. Research into the molecular virology of the HDV life cycle has revealed a fascinating collection of biology. These insights are now beginning to be translated into new potential treatment strategies. There are currently still an estimated 15 million HDV carriers worldwide.

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It is pointed out that a cancer stem cell is a type within a tumor that possesses the capacity of self-renewal and can give rise to the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells, which comprise the tumor. It is emphasized that a unique feature of cancer stem cells is that, although conventional chemotherapy kills most cells in a tumor, cancer stem cells remain intact. Vast applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: embryonic stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, arterial stem cells, neural stem cells, cardiac stem cells, dental stem cells, limbal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Because human embryonic stem cells possess the potential to produce unlimited quantities of any human cell type, considerable focus is placed on their therapeutic potential in this volume. These cells are used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacological and toxicological studies, and fundamental studies of cell differentiation. It is pointed out that the formation of embryoid bodies, which are three-dimensional aggregates of embryonic cells, is the initial step in the differentiation of these cells. Therapeutic implications of signalling pathways in cancer stem cells are pointed out. Targeting self-renewal pathways in cancer stem cells are also included. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for treating ischemic brain injury is explained. Neural stem cells proliferation into the surrounding area of the traumatic brain injury is explained.

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Doctors and the general public are increasingly recognising diseases of the vulva and vagina as a cause of sexual dysfunction, morbidity and death, yet the wide but sometimes rare range of conditions involving this area are poorly represented in most textbooks of pathology. As the first volume in the Essentials of Diagnostic Gynecological Pathology series sponsored by the British Association of Gynecological Pathologists, Pathology of the Vulva and Vagina is one of the very few dealing wholly with this subject. Pathology of the Vulva and Vagina introduces the topic with a stylishly illustrated description of the embryology and development which is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis and symptomatology. Subsequent chapters cover infections and non- infectious dermatoses, specifying those that can predispose to cancer. The precancerous conditions of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia, melanocytic proliferations and extra-mammary Paget's disease are integrated respectively with accounts of human papilloma virus, malignant melanoma and recent awareness of ano- genital mammary-like glands. Advances in the recognition of potentially confusing benign conditions, prognosis and staging update the pathology of squamous and adenocarcinoma in these organs. The difficulties of sentinel node biopsy are explored and a comprehensive chapter clearly highlights the difficult differential diagnosis of mesenchymal lesions. As most histopathology departments receive many gynecological specimens, Pathology of the Vulva and Vagina has been written to be useful diagnostically to general as well as specialist gynecological histopathologists and pathologists in training. Gynecologists, oncologists, dermatologists, genitourinary physicians and cancer nurse specialists will find expert insights here that will help in treatment and counselling of their patients.

This book covers several aspects of inhalation toxicology ranging from inhalation drug abuse to battlefield chemical inhalation lung injury, and emphasizes pathophysiology and therapy.

Shortly after the reeognition of the aequired immunodefieieney syndrome (AIDS) in 1981 (1-3), it was hypothesized that herpesviruses may play an important role in the etiology or pathogenesis of this newly identified syndrome (4,5). This theory was based on the faet that infeetion with herpesviruses was a prominent elinieal feature in nearly all patients with AIDS (3-5). Chronie mueocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections were one of the first opportunistie infeetions deseribed in patients with AIDS (3), and both cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HSV infections were extremely common in individuals identified to be at highest risk for aequiring AIDS, such as homosexual men, intravenous drug users and hemophiliaes (4-8). CMVand Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were also prominent infeetions whieh were suspected as possible etiologic agents of the prolonged fever, wasting, and Iymphadenopathy that often precedes AIDS, frequently referred to as the chronie Iymphadenopathy syndrome (9,10). Subsequent elinieal studies have indeed demonstrated that infeetions with HSV, CMV, EBV, and even varieella zoster virus (VZV) are frequent opportunistic infeetions wh ich oeeur among AIDS patients (11-14). Several of the opportunistie infeetions caused by herpesviruses include encephalitis, chorioretinitis, hairy leukoplakia, esophagitis, enteritis, colitis, Burkitt's lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, zoster, and there has even been speculation about the role of CMV in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sareoma (15,16). Furthermore, the herpesviruses, partieularly CMV and EBV have been known to be strongly associated with immunosuppression, partieularly of cell-mediated immune functions, which further supported the hypothesis that herpesviruses may contribute to the immune defects that eharacterize AIDS."

This concise, comprehensive guide is divided into two sections; nails and the skin. Each section includes information on the types of infections, aetiology, diagnostic procedures, such as sampling techniques, and therapy, including topical, systemic and adjunctive.

The detection and/or isolation and identification of pathogenic microorganisms is critical for the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. With growth-dependant methods providing reliable means for identifying pathogens, traditional culturing continues to play an integral role in the detection and characterization of known and "new" microbial pathogens. Microbiologists, therefore, rely on a variety of media for the detection, isolation, characterization, and identification of primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens. The Handbook of Media for Clinical and Public Health Microbiology provides a compilation of the formulations, methods of preparation, and applications for media used in clinical and public health microbiology laboratories. It is a significant update to the Handbook of Media for Clinical Microbiology, expanding the coverage to media used for public health epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks and including media used for the detection of pathogens in foods and environmental samples. Comprising both classic and modern media, the handbook describes almost 1,800 types of media, listed alphabetically, including new media for the cultivation of emerging bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are causing major medical problems around the world. Examples of emerging pathogens are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Many of the new media contain chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates that permit rapid detection of specific pathogens. The handbook's format allows easy reference to information needed to prepare media for cultivating clinically relevant microorganisms. It also contains descriptions of expected results for organisms that are important for the examination of foods, water, and other

Drug-resistant bacteria ― known as superbugs ― are one of the biggest medical threats of our time. Here, a doctor, researcher, and ethics professor tells the exhilarating story of his race to beat them and save countless lives.

When doctor Matt McCarthy first meets Jackson, a mechanic from Queens, it is in the ER, where he has come for treatment for an infected gunshot wound. Usually, antibiotics would be prescribed, but Jackson’s infection is one of a growing number of superbugs, bacteria that have built up resistance to known drugs. He only has one option, and if that doesn’t work he may lose his leg or even his life.

On the same day, McCarthy and his mentor Tom Walsh begin work on a groundbreaking clinical trial for a new antibiotic they believe will eradicate certain kinds of superbugs and demonstrate to Big Pharma that investment in these drugs can save millions of lives and prove financially viable. But there are seemingly endless hoops to jump through before they can begin administering the drug to patients, and for people like Jackson time is in short supply.

Superbugs is a compelling tale of medical ingenuity. From the muddy trenches of the First World War, where Alexander Fleming searched for a cure for soldiers with infected wounds, to breakthroughs in antibiotics and antifungals today that could revolutionise how infections are treated, McCarthy takes the reader on a roller-coaster ride through the history ― and future ― of medicine. Along the way, we meet patients like Remy, a teenage girl with a dangerous and rare infection; Donny, a retired firefighter with a compromised immune system; and Bill, the author’s own father-in-law, who contracts a deadly staph infection. And we learn about the ethics of medical research: why potentially life-saving treatments are often delayed for years to protect patients from exploitation.

Can McCarthy get his trial approved and underway in time to save the lives of his countless patients infected with deadly bacteria, who have otherwise lost all hope?

Molecular Testing in Cancer provides a state of the art review of clinically relevant molecular pathology in cancer. The book provides a brief, easy to read review of commonly employed diagnostic molecular techniques including recently developed "next generation" analytic tools, and offers a system-based run-through of the utility of molecular testing in individual cancer types, as well as reviewing current markers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and management. The volume also provides a prospective for the future which includes recently characterized and emerging biomarkers. Written by experts in the field, Molecular Testing in Cancer serves as a useful and comprehensive resource for pathologists, hematologists, laboratory technicians and molecular scientists.

This timely and compact monograph addresses how to determine drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier more effectively. Focusing on the physiological mechanisms that influence the passage of agents into the brain, the book covers the latest research on the blood-brain barrier, the current problems of and solutions to drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), existing strategies, and prospects for future research. Avoid excessive in vivo experimentation and utilize timesaving in vitro techniques. A concise reference with reviews from nearly 40 international specialists in diverse fields, The Blood-Brain Barrier and Drug Delivery to the CNS assesses the properties of the blood-brain barrier to determine and measure drug permeability in animals and humans presents techniques to predict successful drug uptake through in vitro systems or by computation of physicochemical parameters examines the multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein as a natural transporter analyzes current drug designs to known requirements for transport looks at drug delivery systems for the brain and much more! Densely packed with over 800 literature references, drawings, photographs, x-rays, tables, and equations, The Blood-Brain Barrier and Drug Delivery to the CNS is a vital addition to the bookshelves of biochemists, pharmacists, clinical and research pharmacologists, neuroscientists and neurologists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.

Filling a gap in the literature, this reference provides concise and practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of sinusitis and furnishes an authoritative outline of our current understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition. Addressing a wide spectrum of issues related to the identification, epidemiology, and etiology of sinusitis, this guide presents detailed illustrations and flowcharts to clarify the interactions between the pathological and physiological processes of sinusitis and illustrate current treatment practices.

Megaplasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements in the size range of 100 kb and larger. They are found in physiologically and phylogenetically diverse groups of bacteria and archaea. By definition, megaplasmids are not essential for the viability of their hosts under all growth conditions, but paradoxically many megaplasmids carry the genetic information for the defining and characteristic traits of the organism in which they reside.

Microbial Megaplasmids reviews our knowledge of the extensively studied representatives, such as the catabolic plasmids of the pseudomonads, the rhizobial Sym plasmids, the Ti plasmids of the genus Agrobacterium and the giant enterobacterial virulence plasmids. It also presents snapshots of more recently discovered megaplasmids. The contribution of megaplasmids to the biology of their hosts is described, highlighting the interactions between megaplasmid and chromosomal genes.

A comprehensive review of all the vascular proliferations involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue, including recently described disease entities. Superbly illustrated with both clinical and histopathologic photographs, the book moves from a proposed new system of classification and nomenclature for vascular neoplasms, to a full discussion of benign and malignant proliferations, including hamartomas, benign neoplasms, malignant neoplasms, and several related newly reported diseases. The authors describe in-depth the clinical and morphologic aspects of each entity and detail their clinicopathologic correlation, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

The book "Parasitic Zoonoses" emphasizes a veterinary and public health perspective of zoonotic parasites. This book is suitable for higher undergraduate and graduate students of zoonoses and public health, veterinary parasitology, parasite epidemiology; public health workers; public health veterinarians; field veterinarians, medical professionals and all others interested in the subject. More than 15 protozoa and 50 other parasitic diseases are zoonotic in nature and all these diseases have been discussed in detail. The first chapter is concerned with classification of zoonotic parasites, food borne, vector borne and occupation related zoonotic parasites. The remaining chapters cover etiology, epidemiology, life cycle, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention and control of zoonotic parasites. The text is illustrated with a large number of coloured figures. An alphabetical bibliography for every disease has also been included so that readers have access to further information.

Clinical Applications of Pathophysiology: An Evidence-Based Approach explains and illustrates how pathophysiology concepts are used in clinical situations. This advanced review guide and workbook covers 27 of the most commonly encountered health problems. It outlines the connections between pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, and management, with an emphasis on the clinical use of pathophysiology concepts. The application of pathophysiology principles to the clinical setting is illustrated with case studies included in each chapter. Integrated within the case studies are questions relating to patient history, physical examination findings, lab and diagnostic studies, therapies, and follow-up care - each is designed to promote critical thinking and a deeper understanding through application of the concepts presented. Consistent presentation of each disease includes definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, patient presentation (history, symptoms, and examination), differential diagnosis, keys to assessment, and keys to management. Algorithms are used to illustrate the sequential action of disease processes. Unique! Clinical link diagrams for each disorder clearly illustrate how pathophysiologic concepts play a role in patient care. Unique! Critical thinking questions in a fill-in-the-blank format in included for every case study to promote continual clinical reasoning based on the available data. Case studies give students the history, physical examination, lab and diagnostic test results, and course of treatment for a hypothetical patient. Up-to-date bibliographies provide reading lists of the most important and current research published on each disease. Perforated pages allow students to fill out the answer spaces in the case studies and turn them in to their instructors for evaluation. Suggested answers with rationales to case study questions are available to instructors who require the book, to facilitate the use of the cases as class assignments. Table of laboratory test values for quick reference.

Exploring breakthroughs in fungal detection and control, this book covers fungal nomenclature, population instability, and phylogeny, as well as investigative research on Peronosporomycetes, Zygomycetes, Filamentous Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetous Yeasts, Endomycetes and Blastomycetes, and Miscellaneous Opportunistic Fungi. It offers methods to identify zoopathogenic fungi, analyze reports of putative pathogens, develop methods for detection, isolation, and characterization of pathogenic fungi, evaluate emerging strain-typing techniques, target molecules for diagnostic tests, and examine the patterns and mechanisms of genetic variation.

The goal of Schistosomiasis is to provide the reader with insights into the active research and programs currently related to schistosomiasis, and to use these insights as a way to project forward into the next 10-15 years of work on this disease, spanning the spectrum from research to public health interventions. A secondary goal of this volume is to initiate conversations among those working across the research-to-control spectrum on schistosomiasis about the future of their field, and by doing so lead to constructive efforts to identify and address the most critical questions and challenges related to schistosomiasis. The book covers four main areas: schistosome phylogenetics, gene expression, and the overall genome, including information on exciting new tools for addressing questions that have long been inaccessible to schistosomologists; the host-schistosome interaction at the larval to adult worm interface and addresses aspects important for vaccine development as well as how differential gene expression as detected by DNA microarrays may be utilized to develop tools for detection and control of infection or pathology; the development of the host immune response to eggs, granuloma formation and factors affecting the development and regulation of immunopathology; and the public health concerns associated with schistosomiasis, including morbidity control, host genetics, treatment and proposals for improved partnerships. The volume concludes with a chapter addressing the schisms that sometimes exist along the spectrum from basic research programs to the implementation of control schemes, and a proposal to make these differences benefit patients and researchers rather than succumbto base temptations to compete for resources to no onea (TM)s benefit. Like many of the diseases featured in the World Class Parasites series, the prospects for dramatic advances in schistosomiasis coincide with a seemingly shrinking pool of both human and material resources. The most meaningful progress will occur as the laboratory better understands the needs in the field and the field better understands the capabilities of the laboratory.

This text atlas, now in its second edition, presents in simplest form the basic diagnostic criteria used by the electron microscopist in studying neoplasms and other diseases encountered in the routine practice of pathology. Every field of electron microscopy is covered and low magnification plates are juxtaposed with higher magnifications to illustrate diagnostic features.The largest section of the book is devoted to neoplasms as this is the area in which most diagnostic problems occur. Renal glomerular disease is another important category in which ultrastructural study may be critical in diagnosis; infectious diseases, especially those of viral, protozoan, and unusual bacterial etiologies, are a third area in which electron microscopy may be used to establish or susbstantiate a diagnosis. All of these areas are comprehensively covered with concise, readable text and more than 800 first-quality images. This book is the preeminent reference for pathologists needing current information on the role of ultrastructure in diagnostic pathology.

Containing all the new as well as classical methodologies used in the investigation of amino acid and protein metabolism in human and animal models, this book is needed because of the dramatic increase in research in this field. There is no other book currently on the market that covers these methods of investigation. Methods for Investigation of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism explores areas such as amino acid transfer across tissue membranes, past and new applications using stable isotopes, protein synthesis in organs and tissues, and more. Because of the importance of research methods in the field of amino acid and protein nutrition and metabolism, this book facilitates the reader's integration of the concepts involved in these investigative research methods and their corollaries. In addition to helping any nutrition investigator design and conduct appropriate research protocols in this area of nutrition, this book assists students who are planning to investigate amino acid and protein metabolism in humans or laboratory animals.

This issue of Advances in Molecular Pathology will provide a comprehensive review of the most current practices, trends, and developments in the field of Molecular Pathology. Publishing on an annual basis, the volume will be divided into 7 sections: Genetics, Hematopathology, Infectious Disease, Pharmacogenomics, Informatics, Solid tumors, and Identity/HLA. Led by Dr. Gregory Tsongalis of Dartmouth University, a team of experienced pathologists from institutions across the country oversee annual topic and expert author selection.