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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Immunology
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Breastfeeding - Science, Research Advances, and Policy (Hardcover, 2012 ed.)
Loot Price: R4,422
Discovery Miles 44 220
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Breastfeeding - Science, Research Advances, and Policy (Hardcover, 2012 ed.)
Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 743
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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The HIV pandemic continues to levy a heavy burden on the human race
world-wide. The estimated number of people who became newly
infected with HIV in 2009 was 2.6 million; most of these
individuals live in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by India and
Southeast Asia. An estimated 370,000 new cases of pediatric
infections occurred globally in 2009 (or more than 1,000 new
infections every day), practically all of them through
mother-to-child transmission. Up to 40% of all new infant HIV
infections occur during breastfeeding. While breastfeeding by
HIV-infected mothers is not recommended in the U.S. and other
resource-rich settings where safe replacement feeding is easily
available, the situation is different in many resource-limited
settings, where replacement feeding is not safe or available and
carries a high risk of infections (diarrhea, pneumonia) and infant
malnutrition. Mothers in such settings are faced with a difficult
dilemma: to breastfeed their infants in order to provide their
infants with its many benefits (nutritional, immunologic,
cognitive), but to also risk transmitting HIV. These challenges
have prompted an intensive search for new prophylactic and
therapeutic strategies in order to prevent infants from acquiring
HIV infection through breastfeeding. In this book, expert HIV
researchers critically review every aspect of this highly evolving
and topical subject. The opening chapters deal with the
epidemiology, global magnitude and biologic mechanisms of HIV-1
transmission from mother to child through breastfeeding and include
considerations of the virus (quantity, compartments,
characteristics) and the host (genetic, immunity-innate, cellular,
humoral). The effects of breastfeeding on the HIV-infected mother's
health and nutritional status, and the social and cultural issues
associated with the practice of breastfeeding are also discussed.
The next few chapters provide cutting-edge reviews of the latest
approaches to prevention of HIV transmission to the infant through
breastfeeding, including antiretroviral strategies, nutritional and
immune-based approaches, and treatment of expressed breast milk.
The remaining chapters provide a fascinating review of the many
iterations this subject has received, as reflected in the several
different sets of guidelines for infant feeding by HIV-infected
mothers issued by the World Health Organization, and a debate by
leading scientists on whether HIV-infected mothers should
breastfeed their infants-in resource-limited and in resource-rich
settings. A comprehensive overview of the current state of
implementing the new evidence for prevention of breastfeeding
transmission of HIV all over the world is also presented. Essential
reading for the many disciplines of scientists and clinicians
working on HIV/AIDS and other retroviruses, pediatricians,
obstetricians/gynecologists, as well as all health-care
professionals interested in expanding their understanding on the
subject.
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