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Books > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Philosophy of mind
At the intersection between psychoanalysis (Freudian and Lacanian)
and philosophy, this book is a glimpse into the life of patients,
into desire and love, and into the fate of the relationship between
men and women.
The philosopher Abu Nasr al-Farabi (c. 870-c. 950 CE) is a key
Arabic intermediary figure. He knew Aristotle, and in particular
Aristotle's logic, through Greek Neoplatonist interpretations
translated into Arabic via Syriac and possibly Persian. For
example, he revised a general description of Aristotle's logic by
the 6th century Paul the Persian, and further influenced famous
later philosophers and theologians writing in Arabic in the 11th to
12th centuries: Avicenna, Al-Ghazali, Avempace and Averroes.
Averroes' reports on Farabi were subsequently transmitted to the
West in Latin translation. This book is an abridgement of
Aristotle's Prior Analytics, rather than a commentary on successive
passages. In it Farabi discusses Aristotle's invention, the
syllogism, and aims to codify the deductively valid arguments in
all disciplines. He describes Aristotle's categorical syllogisms in
detail; these are syllogisms with premises such as 'Every A is a B'
and 'No A is a B'. He adds a discussion of how categorical
syllogisms can codify arguments by induction from known examples or
by analogy, and also some kinds of theological argument from
perceived facts to conclusions lying beyond perception. He also
describes post-Aristotelian hypothetical syllogisms, which draw
conclusions from premises such as 'If P then Q' and 'Either P or
Q'. His treatment of categorical syllogisms is one of the first to
recognise logically productive pairs of premises by using
'conditions of productivity', a device that had appeared in the
Greek Philoponus in 6th century Alexandria.
Aristotle's discussion of the motivation of the good person is both
complicated and cryptic. Depending on which passages are
emphasized, he may seem to be presenting a Kantian style view
according to which the good person is and ought to be motivated
primarily by reason, or a Humean style view according to which
desires and feelings are or ought to be in charge. In this book,
Paula Gottlieb argues that Aristotle sees the thought, desires and
feelings of the good person as interdependent in a way that is sui
generis, and she explains how Aristotle's concept of choice
(prohairesis) is an innovative and pivotal element in his account.
Gottlieb's interpretation casts light on Aristotle's account of
moral education, on the psychology of good, bad and half-bad
(akratic) people, and on the aesthetic and even musical side to
being a good person.
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Juan M Valenzuela
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Rear-view mirrors are not normal scientific equipment, nor are
philosophers all that keen to recall a partly embarrassing past.
But looking back can cure a self-induced narrowing of the modern
scientific mind and help us to renew a sense of where, if anywhere,
we might feel we belong in the world. Today, a centuries-long
belief in the primacy of a first-personal perspective has given way
to an opposite view that what passes through the conscious mind has
little to do with who we are and what we are doing. A lifelong
campaigner for the first-personal perspective, Alastair Hannay
presents here a powerful and historically framed case for restoring
faith in its status as a provider of important truths about
ourselves.
This book explores how predictive processing, which argues that our
brains are constantly generating and updating hypotheses about our
external conditions, sheds new light on the nature of the mind. It
shows how it is similar to and expands other theoretical approaches
that emphasize the active role of the mind and its dynamic
function. Offering a complete guide to the philosophical and
empirical implications of predictive processing, contributors bring
perspectives from philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology.
Together, they explore the many philosophical applications of
predictive processing and its exciting potential across mental
health, cognitive science, neuroscience, and robotics. Presenting
an extensive and balanced overview of the subject, The Philosophy
and Science of Predictive Processing is a landmark volume within
philosophy of mind.
Best known for his groundbreaking and influential work in Buddhist
philosophy, Mark Siderits is the pioneer of "fusion" or "confluence
philosophy", a boldly systematic approach to doing philosophy
premised on the idea that rational reconstruction of positions in
one tradition in light of another can sometimes help address
perennial problems and often lead to new and valuable insights.
Exemplifying the many virtues of the confluence approach, this
collection of essays covers all core areas of Buddhist philosophy,
as well as topics and disputes in contemporary Western philosophy
relevant to its study. They consider in particular the ways in
which questions concerning personal identity figure in debates
about agency, cognition, causality, ontological foundations,
foundational truths, and moral cultivation. Most of these essays
engage Siderits' work directly, building on his pathbreaking ideas
and interpretations. Many deal with issues that have become a
common staple in philosophical engagements with traditions outside
the West. Their variety and breadth bear testimony to the legacy of
Siderits' impact in shaping the contemporary conversation in
Buddhist philosophy and its reverberations in mainstream
philosophy, giving readers a clear sense of the remarkable scope of
his work.
How do we understand memory in the early novel? Departing from
traditional empiricist conceptualizations of remembering, Mind over
Matter uncovers a social model of memory in Enlightenment fiction
that is fluid and evolving - one that has the capacity to alter
personal histories. Memories are not merely imprints of first-hand
experience stored in the mind, but composite stories transacted
through dialogue and reading.Through new readings of works by
Daniel Defoe, Frances Burney, Laurence Sterne, Jane Austen, and
others, Sarah Eron tracks the fictional qualities of memory as a
force that, much like the Romantic imagination, transposes time and
alters forms. From Crusoe's island and Toby's bowling green to
Evelina's garden and Fanny's east room, memory can alter,
reconstitute, and even overcome the conditions of the physical
environment. Memory shapes the process and outcome of the novel's
imaginative world-making, drafting new realities to better endure
trauma and crises. Bringing together philosophy of mind, formalism,
and narrative theory, Eron highlights how eighteenth-century
novelists explored remembering as a creative and curative force for
literary characters and readers alike. If memory is where we
fictionalize reality, fiction--and especially the novel--is where
the truths of memory can be found.
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