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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Physics
Scattering experiments, using X-ray, light and neutron sources (in
historical order) are key techniques for studying structure and
dynamics in systems containing colliods, polymers, surfactants and
biological macromolecules, summarized here as soft condensed
matter. The education in this field in Europe is very heterogeneous
and frequently inadequate, which severely limits an efficient use
of these methods, especially at large-scale facilities. The series
of "Bombannes" schools and the completely revised and updated
second edition of the lecture notes are devoted to a practical
approach to current methodology of static and dynamic techiques.
Basic information on data interpretation, on the complementarity of
the different types of radiation, as well as information on recent
applications and developments is presented. The aim is to avoid
over - as well as under-exploitation of data.
This is the most comprehensive introductory graduate or advanced
undergraduate text in fluid mechanics available. It builds up from
the fundamentals, often in a general way, to widespread
applications, to technology and geophysics.
The fourth edition contains seven new sections with chapters on General Relativity, Gravitational Waves and Relativistic Cosmology. The text has been thoroughly revised and additional problems inserted. The Complete course of Theoretical Physics by Landau and Lifshitz, recognized as two of the world's outstanding physicists, is published in full by Butterworth-Heinemann. It comprises nine volumes, covering all branches of the subject; translations from the Russian are by leading scientists.
Covers the theory of electromagnetic fields in matter, and the
theory of macroscopic electric and magnetic properties of matter.
There is a considerable amount of new material particularly on the
theory of the magnetic properties of matter and the theory
A comprehensive textbook covering not only the ordinary theory of the deformation of solids, but also some topics not usually found in textbooks on the subject, such as thermal conduction and viscosity in solids.
This volume is mainly concerned with a systematic development of
the theory of plasmas, the authority being firmly rooted in the
pioneering work of Landau. Corresponding results are also given for
partially ionized plasmas, relativistic plasmas, degenerate or
non-ideal plasmas and solid state plasmas.
"Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics " merges two long-running
serials--"Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics" and
"Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy."
This volume continues the tradition of the Advances series. It
contains contributions from experts in the field of atomic,
molecular, and optical (AMO) physics. The articles contain some
review material, but are intended to provide a comprehensive
picture of recent important developments in AMO physics. Both
theoretical and experimental articles are included in the volume.
In the fourty-seven years that have gone by since the first volume
of Progress in Optics was published, optics has become one of the
most dynamic fields of science. The volumes in this series which
have appeared up to now contain more than 300 review articles by
distinguished research workers, which have become permanent records
for many important developments.
In the fourty-six years that have gone by since the first volume of
Progress in Optics was published, optics has become one of the most
dynamic fields of science. The volumes in this series which have
appeared up to now contain more than 300 review articles by
distinguished research workers, which have become permanent records
for many important developments.
Conducting polymers were discovered in 1970s in Japan. Since this discovery, there has been a steady flow of new ideas, new understanding, new conducing polymer (organics) structures and devices with enhanced performance. Several breakthroughs have been made in the design and fabrication technology of the organic devices. Almost all properties, mechanical, electrical, and optical, are important in organics. This book describes the recent advances in these organic materials and devices.
There has been recently some interdisciplinary convergence on a
number of precise topics which can be considered as prototypes of
complex systems. This convergence is best appreciated at the level
of the techniques needed to deal with these systems, which include:
Volume 54 of the Advances Series contains ten contributions,
covering a diversity of subject areas in atomic, molecular and
optical physics. The article by Regal and Jin reviews the
properties of a Fermi degenerate gas of cold potassium atoms in the
crossover regime between the Bose-Einstein condensation of
molecules and the condensation of fermionic atom pairs. The
transition between the two regions can be probed by varying an
external magnetic field. Sherson, Julsgaard and Polzik explore the
manner in which light and atoms can be entangled, with applications
to quantum information processing and communication. They report on
the result of recent experiments involving the entanglement of
distant objects and quantum memory of light. Recent developments in
cold Rydberg atom physics are reviewed in the article by Choi,
Kaufmann, Cubel-Liebisch, Reinhard, and Raithel. Fascinating
experiments are described in which cold, highly excited atoms
(???Rydberg??? atoms) and cold plasmas are generated. Evidence for
a collective excitation of Rydberg matter is also presented.
Griffiin and Pindzola offer an account of non-perturbative quantal
methods for electron-atom scattering processes. Included in the
discussion are the R-matrix with pseudo-states method and the
time-dependent close-coupling method. An extensive review of the
R-matrix theory of atomic, molecular, and optical processes is
given by Burke, Noble, and Burke. They present a systematic
development of the R-matrix method and its applications to various
processes such as electron-atom scattering, atomic photoionization,
electron-molecule scattering, positron-atom scattering, and
atomic/molecular multiphoton processes. Electron impactexcitation
of rare-gas atoms from both their ground and metastable states is
discussed in the article by Boffard, Jung, Anderson, and Lin.
Excitation cross sections measured by the optical method are
reviewed with emphasis on the physical interpretation in terms of
electronic structure of the target atoms. Ozier and Moazzen-Ahmadi
explore internal rotation of symmetric top molecules. Developments
of new experimental methods based on high-resolution torsional,
vibrational, and molecular beam spectroscopy allow accurate
determination of internal barriers for these symmetric molecules.
The subject of attosecond and angstrom science is reviewed by
Niikura and Corkum. The underlying physical mechanisms allowing one
to generate attosecond radiation pulses are described and the
technology needed for the preparation of such pulses is discussed.
LeGou??t, Bretenaker, and Lorger?? describe how rare earth ions
embedded in crystals can be used for processing optically carried
broadband radio-frequency signals. Methods for reaching tens of
gigahertz instantaneous bandwidth with submegahertz resolution
using such devices are analyzed in detail and demonstrated
experimentally. Finally, in the article by Illing, Gauthier, and
Roy, it is shown that small perturbations applied to optical
systems can be used to suppress or control optical chaos,
spatio-temporal dynamics, and patterns. Applications of these
techniques to communications, laser stabilization, and improving
the sensitivity of low-light optical switches are explored.
This book is devoted to an important branch of the dynamical systems theory: the study of the fine (fractal) structure of Poincare recurrences -instants of time when the system almost repeats its initial state. The authors were able to write an entirely self-contained text including many insights and examples, as well as providing complete details of proofs. The only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of analysis and topology. Thus this book can serve as a graduate text or self-study guide for courses in applied mathematics or nonlinear dynamics (in the natural sciences). Moreover, the book can be used by specialists in applied nonlinear dynamics following the way in the book. The authors applied the mathematical theory developed in the book to two important problems: distribution of Poincare recurrences for nonpurely chaotic Hamiltonian systems and indication of synchronization regimes in coupled chaotic individual systems.
This book is a result of many years of author's research and
teaching on random vibration and control. It was used as lecture
notes for a graduate course. It provides a systematic review of
theory of probability, stochastic processes, and stochastic
calculus. The feedback control is also reviewed in the book. Random
vibration analyses of SDOF, MDOF and continuous structural systems
are presented in a pedagogical order. The application of the random
vibration theory to reliability and fatigue analysis is also
discussed. Recent research results on fatigue analysis of
non-Gaussian stress processes are also presented. Classical
feedback control, active damping, covariance control, optimal
control, sliding control of stochastic systems, feedback control of
stochastic time-delayed systems, and probability density tracking
control are studied. Many control results are new in the literature
and included in this book for the first time. The book serves as a
reference to the engineers who design and maintain structures
subject to harsh random excitations including earthquakes, sea
waves, wind gusts, and aerodynamic forces, and would like to reduce
the damages of structural systems due to random excitations.
This book contains selected papers from the First International
Conference on the Ontology of Spacetime. Its fourteen chapters
address two main questions: first, what is the current status of
the substantivalism/relationalism debate, and second, what about
the prospects of presentism and becoming within present-day physics
and its philosophy? The overall tenor of the four chapters of the
book's first part is that the prospects of spacetime
substantivalism are bleak, although different possible positions
remain with respect to the ontological status of spacetime. Part II
and Part III of the book are devoted to presentism, eternalism, and
becoming, from two different perspectives. In the six chapters of
Part II it is argued, in different ways, that relativity theory
does not have essential consequences for these issues. It certainly
is true that the structure of time is different, according to
relativity theory, from the one in classical theory. But that does
not mean that a decision is forced between presentism and
eternalism, or that becoming has proved to be an impossible
concept. It may even be asked whether presentism and eternalism
really offer different ontological perspectives at all. The writers
of the last four chapters, in Part III, disagree. They argue that
relativity theory is incompatible with becoming and presentism.
Several of them come up with proposals to go beyond relativity, in
order to restore the prospects of presentism.
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics/B> merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.
It has been recognised recently that the strange features of the
quantum world could be used for new information transmission or
processing functions such as quantum cryptography or, more
ambitiously, quantum computing. These fascinating perspectives
renewed the interest in fundamental quantum properties and lead to
important theoretical advances, such as quantum algorithms and
quantum error correction codes. On the experimental side,
remarkable advances have been achieved in quantum optics, solid
state physics or nuclear magnetic resonance. This book presents the
lecture notes of the Les Houches Summer School on 'Quantum
entanglement and information processing'. Following the long
tradition of the les Houches schools, it provides a comprehensive
and pedagogical approach of the whole field, written by renowned
specialists.
The third edition of Van Kampen's standard work has been revised
and updated. The main difference with the second edition is that
the contrived application of the quantum master equation in section
6 of chapter XVII has been replaced with a satisfactory treatment
of quantum fluctuations. Apart from that throughout the text
corrections have been made and a number of references to later
developments have been included. From the recent textbooks the
following are the most relevant.
This book is a collection of some of the invited talks presented at
the international meeting held at the Max Planck Institut fuer
Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany during August 6-30,
2001, on the rapidly developing field of nanoscale science in
science and bio-electronics Semiconductor physics has experienced
unprecedented developments over the second half of the twentieth
century. The exponential growth in microelectronic processing power
and the size of dynamic memorie has been achieved by significant
downscaling of the minimum feature size. Smaller feature sizes
result in increased functional density, faster speed, and lower
costs. In this process one is reaching the limits where quantum
effects and fluctuations are beginning to play an important
role.
Several significant additions have been made to the second edition,
including the operator method of calculating the bremsstrahlung
cross-section, the calcualtion of the probabilities of
photon-induced pair production and photon decay in a magnetic
This book offers an elementary and unified introduction to the
non-perturbative results obtained in relativistic quantum field
theory based on classical soliton and instanton solutions. Such
solutions are derived for a variety of models and classified by
topological indices. The methods are then developed for quantizing
solitons to obtain quantum particles. Vacuum tunneling,
&ugr;-vacua and the dilute-instanton-gas approximation are
described in detail. Other instanton effects related to quark-quark
forces, confinement, the U(1) problem and Borel summability are
also discussed. The emphasis is on presenting the basic ideas in a
simple pedagogical way. Technical tools like functional methods,
Grassman integrals, homotopy classification, collective
co-ordinates etc. are developed ab initio.
This book presents an introduction to the classical theories of continuum mechanics; in particular, to the theories of ideal, compressible, and viscous fluids, and to the linear and nonlinear theories of elasticity. These theories are important, not only because they are applicable to a majority of the problems in continuum mechanics arising in practice, but because they form a solid base upon which one can readily construct more complex theories of material behavior. Further, although attention is limited to the classical theories, the treatment is modern with a major emphasis on foundations and structure |
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