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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Physics
This is the first volume to appear under the joint editorship of J.P. Hirth and F.R.N. Nabarro. While Volume 11 concentrated on the single topic of dislocations and work hardening, the present volume spreads over the whole range of the study of dislocations from the application by Kleman and his colleagues of homotopy theory to classifying the line and point defects of mesomorphic phases to Chaudhri's account of the experimental observations of dislocations formed around indentations. Chapter 64, by Cai, Bulatove, Chang, Li and Yip, discusses the influence of the structure of the core of a dislocation on its mobility. The power of modern computation allows this topic to be treated from the first principles of electron theory, and with empirical potentials for more complicated problems. Advances in electron microscopy allow these theoretical predictions to be tested. In Chapter 65, Xu analyzes the emission of dislocations from the tip of a crack and its influence on the brittle to ductile transition. Again, the treatment is predominantly theoretical, but it is consistently related to the very practical example of alpha iron. In a dazzling interplay of experiment and abstract mathematics, Kleman, Lavrentovich and Nastishin analyze the line and point structural defects of the many mesomorphic phases which have become known in recent years. Chapter 67, by Coupeau, Girard and Rabier, is essentially experimental. It shows how the various modern techniques of scanning probe microscopy can be used to study dislocations and their interaction with the free surface. Chapter 68, by Mitchell and Heuer, considers the complex dislocations that can form in ceramic crystals on the basisof observations by transmission electron microscopy and presents mechanistic models for the motion of the dislocations in various temperature regimes. While the underlying aim of the study of dislocations in energetic crystals by Armstrong and Elban in Chapter 69 is to understand the role of dislocations in the process of detonation, it has the wider interest of studying dislocations in molecular crystals which are elastically soft, plastically hard, and brittle''. Chaudhri in Chapter 70 discusses the role of dislocations in indentation processes, largely on the basis of the elastic analysis by E.H. Yoffe. The special case of nanoindentations is treated only briefly.
This volume contains five articles presenting reviews of several topics of current research which are likely to be of interest to optical scientists and optical engineers. The first article, by J. Ohtsubo, deals with the dynamics of feedback-induced instability and chaos. The characteristics of semiconductor lasers based on the rate equations, including various laser structures, are reviewed and the effects of optical feedback in semiconductor lasers are then discussed. the general area of the nonlinear interaction of ultrafast pulses with optical and photonic crystal fibres are discussed. In particular, ultrafast pulse measurements, pulse shaping and pulse control are discussed. transient optical phenomena that take place in the spatial-temporal dynamics of ultrashort pulses. The interplay of diffractive and dispersive phenomena is examined. They include coupled processes of amplitude and phase reshaping, spectral variations and polarity reversal for different types of light pulses. Reflection and refraction effects that take place at the interface between media with time-dependent dielectric susceptibilities are also discussed. principles of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This is a relatively new discipline with important potential applications in macropscopic, microscopic and endoscopic imaging. The article begins with a brief summary of the field and then describes various OCT interferometer configurations and discusses basic sample signal extraction techiques. The article also covers subjects such as contrast generation techniques, resolution, signal processing techiques for image display, image enhancement, speckle suppression and OCT detection sensitivity. A description of optical delay lines used in OCT is also presented. concerned with modulation instability (MI) of electromagnetic waves in inhomogeneous and in discrete media. The article pays special attention to the MI of electromagnetic waves in nonlinear optical fibres with periodic amplification, dispersion and birefringence. The MI in random media is also covered. Other topics discussed in this article are discrete nonlinear systems with cubic, quadratic and vectorial interactions and nonlinear optical systems such as tunnel-coupled filters. Some of the readers may note that authors from six different countries have contributed to this volume, thus helping to maintain the international character of this series.
Now available in a convenient paperback edition! Volume 1 treats in
detail the fundamental concepts of the theory of groups and their
role in physics, plus their application to molecular and solid
state physics. In Volume 2 the theory of Lie groups and Lie
algebras is presented and applied to atomic and high-energy
physics, concluding with an account of the recently developed gauge
theories of fundamental interactions.
This edition has been completely revised to include some 20% of new material. Important recent developments such as the theory of Regge poles are now included. Many problems with solutions have been added to those already contained in the book.
A revision of the leading text on experimental physics. The feature
of this book that has made it one of the most loved texts on the
subject is that it goes far beyond a mere description of key
experiments in physics. The author successfully provides the reader
with an understanding and appreciation of the 'physics' behind the
experiments. The second edition will be an extensive revision
introducing many new devices, including the use of computers and
software programs, that have come into use since the publication of
the first edition. In addition the important areas of condensed
matter physics and optical physics will be added, including two
entirely new chapters on lasers and optics.
Modern Cosmology begins with an introduction to the smooth,
homogeneous universe described by a Friedman-Robertson-Walker
metric, including careful treatments of dark energy, big bang
nucleosynthesis, recombination, and dark matter. From this starting
point, the reader is introduced to perturbations about an FRW
universe: their evolution with the Einstein-Boltzmann equations,
their generation by primordial inflation, and their observational
consequences. These consequences include the anisotropy spectrum of
the cosmic microwave background (CMB) featuring acoustic peaks and
polarization, the matter power spectrum with baryonic wiggles, and
their detection via photometric galaxy surveys, redshift
distortions, cluster abundances, and weak lensing. The book
concludes with a long chapter on data analysis.
A lucid presentation of statistical physics and thermodynamics
which develops from the general principles to give a large number
of applications of the theory.
Devoted to the foundation of mechanics, namely classical Newtonian
mechanics, the subject is based mainly on Galileo's principle of
relativity and Hamilton's principle of least action. The exposition
is simple and leads to the most complete direct means of solving
problems in mechanics.
The critically acclaimed serialized review journal for over 50
years, "Advances in Geophysics" is a highly respected publication
in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been
eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers
and reviewers alike. Now in its 54th volume, it contains much
material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for
researchers in all fields of geophysics. * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Covering a wide range of topics related to neutron and x-ray
optics, this book explores the aspects of neutron and x-ray optics
and their associated background and applications in a manner
accessible to both lower-level students while retaining the detail
necessary to advanced students and researchers. It is a
self-contained book with detailed mathematical derivations,
background, and physical concepts presented in a linear fashion. A
wide variety of sources were consulted and condensed to provide
detailed derivations and coverage of the topics of neutron and
x-ray optics as well as the background material needed to
understand the physical and mathematical reasoning directly related
or indirectly related to the theory and practice of neutron and
x-ray optics. The book is written in a clear and detailed manner,
making it easy to follow for a range of readers from undergraduate
and graduate science, engineering, and medicine. It will prove
beneficial as a standalone reference or as a complement to
textbooks.
"Semiconductors and Semimetals" has distinguished itself through
the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and
contributors. Originally widely known as the "Willardson and Beer"
Series, it has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes
and chapters. The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes
intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly
interdisciplinary nature of the field. The volumes in
"Semiconductors and Semimetals" have been and will continue to be
of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists,
and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and
modern industry.
The critically acclaimed serialized review journal for over 50
years, "Advances in Geophysics" is a highly respected publication
in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been
eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers
and reviewers alike. Now in its 52nd volume, it contains much
material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for
researchers in all fields of geophysics. * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
In the50years since the first volume of "Progress in Optics" was
published, optics has become one of the most dynamic fields of
science. The volumes in this series that have appeared up to now
contain more than 300 review articles by distinguished research
workers, which have become permanent records for many important
developments, helping optical scientists and optical engineers stay
abreast of their fields.
Statistical Methods for the Physical Sciencesis an informal,
relatively short, but systematic, guide to the more commonly used
ideas and techniques in statistical analysis, as used in physical
sciences, together with explanations of their origins. It steers a
path between the extremes of a recipe of methods with a collection
of useful formulas, and a full mathematical account of statistics,
while at the same time developing the subject in a logical way. The
book can be read in its entirety by anyone with a basic exposure to
mathematics at the level of a first-year undergraduate student of
physical science and should be useful for practising physical
scientists, plus undergraduate and postgraduate students in these
fields.
In the50years since the first volume of "Progress in Optics" was
published, optics has become one of the most dynamic fields of
science. The volumes in this series that have appeared up to now
contain more than 300 review articles by distinguished research
workers, which have become permanent records for many important
developments, helping optical scientists and optical engineers stay
abreast of their fields.
Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
publishesreviews ofrecent developments ina field which is in a
state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical
techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered
include related applied areas, such as atmospheric science,
astrophysics, surface physics and laser physics. Articles are
written by distinguished experts, and contain both relevant review
material and detailed descriptions of important recent
developments.
Many of the devices and systems used in modern industry are
becoming progressively smaller and have reached the nanoscale
domain. Nanofabrication aims at building nanoscale structures,
which can act as components, devices, or systems, in large
quantities at potentially low cost. Nanofabrication is vital to all
nanotechnology fields, especially for the realization of
nanotechnology that involves the traditional areas across
engineering and science. Includes contributions from recognized experts from around the globe, making the reader aware of variations in similar techniques applied in different geographical locations and is better positioned to establish all possible global applications.
A volume of the Opera Omnia of Erasmus series, this title is
comprised of two separate treatise translated into one volume.
First, The Institution of Christian Matrimony (Basel, 1526) which
was dedicated to Catherine of Aragon. In this work, Erasmus deals
with the religious, moral and physical aspects of marriage, also
discussing Canon law. Conservative theologians challenged in
particular his liberal views on divorce.
The critically acclaimed serialized review journal for over 50 years, "Advances in Geophysics" is a highly respected publication in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now in its 51st volume, it contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of geophysics.
Bacon and Osetsky present an atomistic model of
dislocation-particle interactions in metal systems, including
irradiated materials. This work is important in simulating actual
behavior, removing earlier reliance on assumed mechanisms for
dislocation motion. New mechanisms for dislocation generation under
shock loading are presented by Meyers et al. These models provide a
basis for understanding the constitutive behavior of shocked
material. Saada and Dirras provide a new perspective on the
Hall-Petch relation, with particular emphasis on nanocrystals. Of
particular significance, deviations from the traditional stress
proportional to the square-root of grain size relation are
explained. Robertson et al consider a number of effects of hydrogen
on plastic flow and provide a model that provides an explanation of
the broad range of properties. .
New materials addressed for the first time include the chapters
on minerals by Barber et al and the chapter on dislocations in
colloidal crystals by Schall and Spaepen. Moriarty et al extend the
first principles calculations of kink configurations in bcc metals
to high pressures, including the use of flexible boundary
conditions to model dilatational effects. Rabier et al clarify the
issue of glide-shuffle slip systems in diamond cubic and related
III-V compounds. Metadislocations, discussed by Feuerbacher and
Heggen, represent a new type of defect in multicomponent metal
compounds and alloys. Dislocation core structures identified in silicon at high stress Metadislocations, a new type of defect, identified and described Extension of dislocation concepts to complex minerals First observations of dislocations in colloidal crystals
This book focuses on the computational and theoretical approaches
to the coupling of fluid mechanics and solids mechanics. In
particular, nonlinear dynamical systems are introduced to the
handling of complex fluid-solid interaction systems, For the past
few decades, many terminologies have been introduced to this field,
namely, flow-induced vibration, aeroelasticity, hydroelasticity,
fluid-structure interaction, fluid-solid interaction, and more
recently multi-physics problems. Moreover, engineering applications
are distributed within different disciplines, such as nuclear,
civil, aerospace, ocean, chemical, electrical, and mechanical
engineering. Regrettably, while each particular subject is by
itself very extensive, it has been difficult for a single book to
cover in a reasonable depth and in the mean time to connect various
topics. In light of the current multidisciplinary research need in
nanotechnology and bioengineering, there is an urgent need for
books to provide such a linkage and to lay a foundation for more
specialized fields.
This book presents an approach to the design and fabrication of
optical elements that are based on the use of one- or
two-dimensional randomly rough surfaces to reflect or transmit
light in specified ways. The reader is provided with an
introduction to analytical methods for the solution of direct
problems in rough surface scattering, and fabrication techniques.
These can be useful in contexts outside the scope of this book. The
advantages and disadvantages of this stochastic approach compared
to the diffractive optics approach are discussed. Finally,
experimental results that verify the predictions of the theories
developed in this book are presented.
New models for dislocation structure and motion are presented for
nanocrystals, nucleation at grain boundaries, shocked crystals,
interphase interfaces, quasicrystals, complex structures with
non-planar dislocation cores, and colloidal crystals. A review of
experimentally established main features of the magnetoplastic
effect with their physical interpretation explains many diverse
results of this type. The model has many potential applications for
forming processes influenced by magnetic fields. |
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