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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Physics
Making Sense of Inner Sense
In recent years, the main research areas were photonuclear reactions and meson productions by using the first high-duty tagged photon beam and the TAGX spectrometer. Although this field is developing quite rapidly, the synchrotron was closed in 1999 after 37 years of operation, and these activities continue at new facilities. It was therfore a good time to discuss the present status and future directions of this field at this occasion. The Symposium was attended by 85 physicists and 35 talks were presented. This book contains the papers presented in the scientific program of the Symposium. aspects of kaon photoproduc
The scientific program of these important proceedings was arranged
to cover most of the field of neutrino physics. In light of the
rapid growth of interest stimulated by new interesting results from
the field, more than half of the papers presented here are related
to the neutrino mass and oscillations, including atmospheric and
solar neutrino studies. Neutrino mass and oscillations could imply
the existence of a mass scale many orders of magnitudes higher than
presented in current physics and will probably guide scientists
beyond the standard model of particle physics.
In this second edition several new topics of technological interest have been added. These include: coupled mechanical and nonmechanical overall properties of heterogeneous piezoelectric materials, new upper and lower bounds for these coupled properties, a systematic comparison between the average-field theory and the results obtained using multi-scale perturbation theory, an account of the uniform-field theory, improveable bounds on overall moduli of heterogeneous materials which remain finite even when isolated cavities and rigid inclusions are present, and a brief account of a fundamental duality principle in anisotropic elasticity. In addition, better explanations of a number of topics are given, more recent references are added, the Subject Index has been expanded and printing and typographical errors have been corrected.
In the first years after the discovery of radioactivity it became clear that nuclear physics was, by excellence, the science of small quantum systems. Between the fifties and the eighties nuclear physics and elementary particles physics lived their own lives, without much interaction. During this period the basic concepts were defined. Recently, contrary to the specialization law often observed in science, the overlap between nuclear and elementary particle physics has become somewhat blurred.
This much needed volume uniquely brings together all previous volumes of this well-known serial. It allows the readers the ability to navigate through the information in all the preceding volumes by using both author and subject indices.
This series, established in 1965, is concerned with recent
developments in the general area of atomic, molecular, and optical
physics. The field is in a state of rapid growth, as new
experimental and theoretical techniques are used on many old and
new problems. Topics covered also include related applied areas,
such as atmospheric science, astrophysics, surface physics, and
laser physics.
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical & Electron Microscopy. It features extended articles onthe physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.
Hardbound. Volume XXXV contains six review articles.The first article is a discussion on transverse light patterns in non-linear media, lasers and wide aperture interferometers. The next article deals with the detection and spectroscopic studies of single molecules in transparent solids at low temperature. The isolated spectral line of a single molecule makes it possible to perform basic quantum measurements, and allows probing in unprecedented detail of the surrounding solid matrix. The article also includes some suggestions for future research in this field.The next article reviews interferometric techniques for retrieving multispectral images with a large number of spectral channels. Special attention is paid to the theory of interferometric multispectral imaging which unifies the theories of coherence based image retrieval and spectrum recovery. Various techniques are compared, especially in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio.This chapter is foll
This volume presents a review of the research in several areas of modern optics written by experts well-known in the international scientific community. The first chapter discusses properties and methods of production and detection of coherent superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states of light (the so-called Schrodinger cat states). Chapter two deals with the phase-shift method, which originated in the 1930s, for the analysis of potential-scattering problems in atomic and nuclear physics. Recently this approach has been applied to wave propagation in one-dimensional inhomogeneous media. Chapter three is concerned with the statistical properties of dynamic laser speckles that arise from scattering objects with rough surfaces undergoing translation and rotation. A moving phase-screen model is employed, which gives a relatively simple formulation of the theory and a clear picture of the time-varying speckle phenomenon. The fourth chapter presents a review of the more important theoretical and experimental results relating to optics of multilayer systems with randomly rough boundaries. The significant theoretical approaches which make it possible to interpret experimental data involving such systems are described, and relevant methods for optical characterization of systems of this kind are outlined. The last chapter presents an account of a theory of the photon transport through turbid media.
The first edition of this highly successful book appeared in 1975 and evolved from lecture notes for classes in physical optics, diffraction physics and electron microscopy given to advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The book deals with electron diffraction and diffraction from disordered or imperfect crystals and employed an approach using the Fourier transform from the beginning instead of as an extension of a Fourier series treatment. This third revised edition is a considerably rewritten and
updated version which now includes all important developments which
have taken place in recent years.
Hardbound. This volume contains six review articles dealing with topics of current research interest in optics and in related fields.The first article deals with the so-called embedding method, which has found many useful applications in the study of wave propagation in random media. The second article presents a review of an interesting class of non-linear optical phenomena which have their origin in the dependence of the complex dielectric constant of some media on the light intensity. These phenomena which include self-focusing, self-trapping and self-modulation have found many applications, for example in fiber optics devices, signal processing and computer technology. The next article is concerned with gap solitons which are electromagnetic field structures which can exist in nonlinear media that have periodic variation in their linear optical properties, with periodicities of the order of the wavelength of light. Both qualitative and quantitative
Comprising two volumes this work provides a particularly comprehensive account of the development of kinetic theory and statistical mechanics up to the beginning of the 20th century. The author's historical researches go far beyond any other books on the subject, filling in many more details and putting the history of kinetic theory in the context of 19th century scientific and intellectual history. In the course of detailed examination of the sources, both published and unpublished, the author throws much new light on the dynamics of scientific change, and refutes some generally accepted ideas about historical events. In one section of the work, he demonstrates the use of a kind of historical document which has rarely, if ever, been exploited by historians of science, namely, referees' reports. The work is primarily directed towards physicists, but as it is not only concerned with technical aspects of the history of physics but also deals with cultural and philosophical connections, it will also appeal to historians of science and philosophers. Book 2 is completed by an unusually comprehensive bibliography.
This volume deals with laser physics emphasizing laser theory from
a physical point of view. It takes into account most recent
developments focussing on the dynamics. Proceeding from simple to
more difficult questions, the book treats, among other topics:
typical experimental laser systems, intensities of laser light in
single and multimode lasers, mode competition, hole-burning,
Q-switched lasers, relaxation-oscillations, frequency shifts,
population pulsations, mode-locking, ultrashort pulses,
self-pulsing, laser light chaos, instability hierarchies, laser
gyro, optical bistability, optical transistor, two-photon laser,
laser line width, Hanbury-Brown-Twiss experiment, intensity
correlations, photon statistics, quantum classical correspondence,
laser phase-transition analogy, the laser as a synergetic system.
Twice reprinted and now also available in a paperback edition, this
book has already proved invaluable to a wide range of readers.
Written by a scientist for scientists and technical people, it goes
beyond the subject matter indicated by the title, filling the gap
which previously existed in the available technical literature. It
includes a wealth of information for physicists, chemists and
engineers who need to know more about thin films for research
purposes, or who want to use this special form of solid material to
achieve a variety of application-oriented goals.
The propagation of mechanical disturbances in solids is of interest
in many branches of the physical scienses and engineering. This
book aims to present an account of the theory of wave propagation
in elastic solids. The material is arranged to present an
exposition of the basic concepts of mechanical wave propagation
within a one-dimensional setting and a discussion of formal aspects
of elastodynamic theory in three dimensions, followed by chapters
expounding on typical wave propagation phenomena, such as
radiation, reflection, refraction, propagation in waveguides, and
diffraction. The treatment necessarily involves considerable
mathematical analysis. The pertinent mathematical techniques are,
however, discussed at some length.
Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
publishesreviews ofrecent developments ina field which is in a
state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical
techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered
include related applied areas, such as atmospheric science,
astrophysics, surface physics and laser physics. Articles are
written by distinguished experts, and contain both relevant review
material and detailed descriptions of important recent
developments.
This special volume of "Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics
"details the current theory, experiments, and applications of
neutron and x-ray optics and microscopy for an international
readership across varying backgrounds and disciplines. Edited by
Dr. Ted Cremer, these volumes attempt to provide rapid assimilation
of the presented topics that include neutron and x-ray scatter,
refraction, diffraction, and reflection and their potential
application. * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
In the study of Magnetic Positioning Equations, it is possible to
calculate and create analytical expressions for the intensity of
magnetic fields when the coordinates x, y and z are known;
identifying the inverse expressions is more difficult. This book is
designed to explore the discovery of how to get the coordinates of
analytical expressions x, y and z when the intensity of the
magnetic fields are known. The discovery also deals with the
problem of how to analyze, define and design any type of
transmitter along with its positioning equation(s).
"Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics" merges two long-running
serials--"Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics" and
"Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy." This series features
extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially
semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies,
microlithography, image science and digital image processing,
electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the
computing methods used in all these domains. This particular volume
presents several timely articles on the scanning transmission
electron microscope.
Metallic nanoparticles display fascinating properties that are
quite different from those of individual atoms, surfaces or bulk
rmaterials. They are a focus of interest for fundamental science
and, because of their huge potential in nanotechnology, they are
the subject of intense research effort in a range of disciplines.
Applications, or potential applications, are diverse and
interdisciplinary. They include, for example, use in biochemistry,
in catalysis and as chemical and biological sensors, as systems for
nanoelectronics and nanostructured magnetism (e.g. data storage
devices), where the drive for further miniaturization provides
tremendous technological challenges and, in medicine, there is
interest in their potential as agents for drug delivery.
In this volume, the authors extend the calculus of finite differences to Dirac's equation. They obtain solutions for particles with negative mass that are completely equivalent to the solutions with positive mass. In addition, they obtain solutions for nuclear distances of the order of 10-13m and less rather than for the usual atomic distances. They report a number of other deviations from the differential theory, for instance they found a slight deviation in the eigenvalues of an electron in a Coulomb field, similar to the Lamb shift. In two sections some surprising results are shown for the concept of space caused by the replacement of "dx" by delta "x."
This book is a collection of lectures given in July 2007 at the Les
Houches Summer School on "Dynamos."
Volume 55 of the Advances Series contains seven contributions,
covering a diversity of subject areas in atomic, molecular and
optical physics. In their contribution, Stowe, Thorpe, Pe'er, Ye,
Stalnaker, Gerginov, and Diddams explore recent developments in
direct frequency comb spectroscopy. Precise phase coherence among
successive ultrashort pulses of a frequency comb allows one to
probe fast dynamics in the time domain and high-resolution
structural information in the frequency domain for both atoms and
molecules. The authors provide a detailed review of some of the
current applications that exploit the unique features of frequency
comb spectroscopy and discuss its future directions. Yurvsky,
Olshanii and Weiss review theory and experiment of elongated atom
traps that confine ultracold gases in a quasi-one-dimensional
regime. Under certain conditions, these quasi-one-dimensional gases
are well-described by integrable one-dimensional many-body models
with exact quantum solutions. Thermodynamic and correlation
properties of one such model that has been experimentally realized
are reviewed. DePaola, Morgenstein and Andersen discuss
magneto-optical trap recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (MOTRIMS),
exploring collisions between a projectile and target resulting in
charged target fragments. MOTRIMS combines the technology of laser
cooling and trapping of target atoms with the momentum analysis of
the charged fragments that recoil from the target. The authors
review the different MOTRIMS experimental approaches and the
spectroscopic and collisional investigations performed so far.
Safronova and Johnson give an overview of atomic many-body
perturbation theory and discuss why extensions of thetheory are
needed. They present "all-order" results based on a linearized
version of coupled cluster expansions and apply the theory to
calculations of energies, transition matrix elements and hyperfine
constants. Another contribution on atomic theory, authored by
Fischer, explores the advantages of expanding the atomic radial
wave functions in a B-spline basis. The differential equations are
replaced by non-linear systems of equations and the problems of
orthogonality requirements can be dealt with using projection
operators. Electron-ion collisional processes are analyzed by
Mueller, including descriptions of the experimental techniques
needed to obtain cross section data and typical values for these
cross sections. The present status of the field is discussed in
relation to the detailed cross sections and rate coefficients that
are needed for understanding laboratory or astrophysical plasmas.
Finally, Duan and Monroe review ways to achieve scalable and robust
quantum communication, state engineering, and quantum computation.
Using radiation and atoms, ions, or atomic ensembles, they show
that they can construct scalable quantum networks that are
inherently insensitive to noise. Progress in experimental
realization of their proposals is outlined. |
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