This edited book focuses on recent developments in Dynamic Network Modeling, including aspects of route guidance and traffic control as they relate to transportation systems and other complex infrastructure networks. Dynamic Network Modeling is generally understood to be the mathematical modeling of time-varying vehicular flows on networks in a fashion that is consistent with established traffic flow theory and travel demand theory. Dynamic Network Modeling as a field has grown over the last thirty years, with contributions from various scholars all over the field. The basic problem which many scholars in this area have focused on is related to the analysis and prediction of traffic flows satisfying notions of equilibrium when flows are changing over time. In addition, recent research has also focused on integrating dynamic equilibrium with traffic control and other mechanism designs such as congestion pricing and network design. Recently, advances in sensor deployment, availability of GPS-enabled vehicular data and social media data have rapidly contributed to better understanding and estimating the traffic network states and have contributed to new research problems which advance previous models in dynamic modeling. A recent National Science Foundation workshop on "Dynamic Route Guidance and Traffic Control" was organized in June 2010 at Rutgers University by Prof. Kaan Ozbay, Prof. Satish Ukkusuri , Prof. Hani Nassif, and Professor Pushkin Kachroo. This workshop brought together experts in this area from universities, industry and federal/state agencies to present recent findings in this area. Various topics were presented at the workshop including dynamic traffic assignment, traffic flow modeling, network control, complex systems, mobile sensor deployment, intelligent traffic systems and data collection issues. This book is motivated by the research presented at this workshop and the discussions that followed.

Why did nuclear energy policies in France, Sweden, and the United States, very similar at the time of the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974, diverge so greatly in the following years? In answering this question, James Jasper challenges one of the most popular trends in political analysis: explanations relying exclusively on political and economic structures to account for public policies. Jasper proposes a new cultural and state-centered approach--one heeding not only structural factors but cultural meanings, individual biographies, and elite discretion. Surveying the period from the successful commercialization of light-water-reactor technology in the early 1960s to the present, he explains the events that occurred after 1973: France built even more reactors than it needed, the United States canceled most reactor orders, and Sweden completed planned nuclear plants but decided to phase out nuclear energy by 2010. This work is based on one hundred interviews with managers, policymakers, and activists in the three countries. In addition to providing a unique theoretical perspective, it broadens our understanding of nuclear policy by looking at three countries in depth and over a long historical span. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The concept of Demand Response (DR) generally concerns methodologies, technologies and commercial arrangements that could allow active participation of consumers in the power system operation. The primary aim of DR is thus to overcome the "traditional" inflexibility of electrical demand and, amongst others, create a new powerful tool to maximize deployment of renewable energy sources as well as provide active network management solutions to help reducing the impact of limited grid capabilities. DR allows consumers to actively participate in power system operation, thus bringing new opportunities in emerging energy markets as well as tangible system benefits. In this sense, DR is considered one of the key enablers of the Smart Grid concept. However, DR also poses a number of challenges, particularly when "active demand" is connected to the Low Voltage network, thus affecting all the actors involved in the electricity chain. This book presents for the first time a comprehensive view on technical methodologies and architectures, commercial arrangements, and socio-economic and regulatory factors that could facilitate the uptake of DR. The work is developed in a systematic way so as to create a comprehensive picture of challenges, benefits and opportunities involved with DR. The reader will thus be provided with a clear understanding of the complexity deriving from a demand becoming active, as well as with a quantitative assessment of the techno-economic value of the proposed solutions in a Smart Grid context. Many research contributions have appeared in recent years in the field of DR, both in journals and conference proceedings. However, most publications focus on individual aspects of the problem. A systematic treatment of the issues to be tackled to introduce DR in existing electricity grids, involving the extended value chain in terms of technical and commercial aspects, is still missing. Also, several books have recently been published about Smart Grid, in which there is some mention to DR. However, again while DR is seen as a key pillar for the Smart Grid, there is no dedicated, comprehensive and systematic contribution in this respect.

Wright and Newbery's classic guide to the world of electric fuses has been substantially revised and remains the comprehensive reference work on the subject. The third edition of the book includes further analysis of pre-arcing and arcing behaviour, the retrofitting of expulsion fuses with automatic sectionalising links, developments in Chip Fuses and Automotive Fuses, application information on benefits of fuses. IGBT protection and arc flash and power quality. It also provides an update on national and international standards. The book begins by describing the very first electric fuses and their applications, their later development, the introduction of standard specification and the spread of the use of fuses; and ends focusing on the updated national and international standards regarding fuses and the quality assurance and inspection methods used during manufacture to maintain the necessary high standards.

This book highlights the cutting-edge research on energy management within smart grids with significant deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV). These vehicles not only can be a significant electrical power consumer during Grid to Vehicle (G2V) charging mode, they can also be smartly utilized as a controlled source of electrical power when they are used in Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operating mode. Electricity Price, Time of Use Tariffs, Quality of Service, Social Welfare as well as electrical parameters of the network are all different criteria considered by the researchers when developing energy management techniques for PEVs. Risk averse stochastic energy hub management, maximizing profits in ancillary service markets, power market bidding strategies for fleets of PEVs, energy management of PEVs in the presence of renewable energy in distribution lines or microgrids and loss minimization in distribution networks based on smart coordination approaches using real time energy prices are some of the attractive and novel topics explored in this book. It will be an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers and industry professionals who are interested in getting a snapshot view of today's latest research on applying various smart energy management strategies for smart grids with high penetration of PEVs.

Why did nuclear energy policies in France, Sweden, and the United States, very similar at the time of the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974, diverge so greatly in the following years? In answering this question, James Jasper challenges one of the most popular trends in political analysis: explanations relying exclusively on political and economic structures to account for public policies. Jasper proposes a new cultural and state-centered approach--one heeding not only structural factors but cultural meanings, individual biographies, and elite discretion. Surveying the period from the successful commercialization of light-water-reactor technology in the early 1960s to the present, he explains the events that occurred after 1973: France built even more reactors than it needed, the United States canceled most reactor orders, and Sweden completed planned nuclear plants but decided to phase out nuclear energy by 2010.

This work is based on one hundred interviews with managers, policymakers, and activists in the three countries. In addition to providing a unique theoretical perspective, it broadens our understanding of nuclear policy by looking at three countries in depth and over a long historical span.

Originally published in 1990.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The demand for alternative energy sources fuels the need for electric power and controls engineers to possess a practical understanding of transformers suitable for solar energy. Meeting that need, Distributed Photovoltaic Grid Transformers begins by explaining the basic theory behind transformers in the solar power arena, and then progresses to describe the development, manufacture, and sale of distributed photovoltaic (PV) grid transformers, which help boost the electric DC voltage (generally at 30 volts) harnessed by a PV panel to a higher level (generally at 115 volts or higher) once it is inverted to the AC voltage form by the inverter circuit. Packed with real-life scenarios and case studies from around the globe, Distributed Photovoltaic Grid Transformers covers the key design, operation, and maintenance aspects of transformers suitable for solar energy. Topics include islanding, voltage flicker, voltage operating range, frequency and power factor variation, and waveform distortion. Multiple homework questions are featured in each chapter. A solutions manual and downloadable content, such as illustrated examples, are available with qualifying course adoption.

Nonlinear Estimation: Methods and Applications with Deterministic Sample Points focusses on a comprehensive treatment of deterministic sample point filters (also called Gaussian filters) and their variants for nonlinear estimation problems, for which no closed-form solution is available in general. Gaussian filters are becoming popular with the designers due to their ease of implementation and real time execution even on inexpensive or legacy hardware. The main purpose of the book is to educate the reader about a variety of available nonlinear estimation methods so that the reader can choose the right method for a real life problem, adapt or modify it where necessary and implement it. The book can also serve as a core graduate text for a course on state estimation. The book starts from the basic conceptual solution of a nonlinear estimation problem and provides an in depth coverage of (i) various Gaussian filters such as the unscented Kalman filter, cubature and quadrature based filters, Gauss-Hermite filter and their variants and (ii) Gaussian sum filter, in both discrete and continuous-discrete domain. Further, a brief description of filters for randomly delayed measurement and two case-studies are also included. Features: The book covers all the important Gaussian filters, including filters with randomly delayed measurements. Numerical simulation examples with detailed matlab code are provided for most algorithms so that beginners can verify their understanding. Two real world case studies are included: (i) underwater passive target tracking, (ii) ballistic target tracking. The style of writing is suitable for engineers and scientists. The material of the book is presented with the emphasis on key ideas, underlying assumptions, algorithms, and properties. The book combines rigorous mathematical treatment with matlab code, algorithm listings, flow charts and detailed case studies to deepen understanding.

Electrical power is harnessed using several energy sources, including coal, hydel, nuclear, solar, and wind. Generated power is needed to be transferred over long distances to support load requirements of customers, viz., residential, industrial, and commercial. This necessitates proper design and analysis of power systems to efficiently control the power flow from one point to the other without delay, disturbance, or interference. Ideal for utility and power system design professionals and students, this book is richly illustrated with MATLAB (R) and Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP (R)) to succinctly illustrate concepts throughout, and includes examples, case studies, and problems. Features Illustrated throughout with MATLAB and ETAP Proper use of positive/negative/zero sequence analysis of a given one-line diagram (OLD) associated with a grid, as well as finger-holding instructions to tackle a power system analysis (PSA) problem for a given OLD of a grid On-line evaluation of power flow, short-circuit analysis, and related PSA for a given OLD Appropriately learn the finer nuances of designing the several components of a PSA, including transmission lines, transformers, generators/motors, and illustrate the corresponding equivalent circuit Case studies from utilities and independent system operators

In this work we derive asymptotically stabilizing control laws for
electrical power systems using two nonlinear control synthesis techniques.
For this transient stabilization problem the actuator considered is
a power electronic device, a controllable series capacitor (CSC).
The power system is described using two different nonlinear models - the second order swing equation and the third order flux-decay model.

To start with, the CSC is modeled by the injection model which is
based on the assumption that the CSC dynamics is very fast as compared to the dynamics of the power system and hence can be approximated by an algebraic equation. Here, by neglecting the CSC dynamics, the input vector $g(x)$ in the open loop system takes a
complex form - the injection model. Using this model, interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC)
methodology is demonstrated on two power systems: a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system and a two machine system.
Further, IDA-PBC is used to derive stabilizing controllers for power systems, where the CSC dynamics are included as a first order system.

Next, we consider a different control methodology, immersion and invariance (I\&I), to synthesize an asymptotically stabilizing control law for the SMIB system with a CSC. The CSC is described by a first order system. As a generalization of I\&I, we incorporate the power balance algebraic constraints in the load bus to the
SMIB swing equation, and extend the design philosophy to a
class of differential algebraic systems. The proposed result is then demonstrated on another example: a two-machine
system with two load buses and a CSC. The controller performances are validated through simulations for all cases.

Electric machines have a ubiquitous presence in our modern daily lives, from the generators that supply electricity to motors of all sizes that power countless applications. Providing a balanced treatment of the subject, Electric Machines and Drives: Principles, Control, Modeling, and Simulation takes a ground-up approach that emphasizes fundamental principles. The author carefully deploys physical insight, mathematical rigor, and computer simulation to clearly and effectively present electric machines and drive systems.

Detailing the fundamental principles that govern electric machines and drives systems, this book:

Describes the laws of induction and interaction and demonstrates their fundamental roles with numerous examples

Explores dc machines and their principles of operation

Discusses a simple dynamic model used to develop speed and torque control strategies

Presents modeling, steady state based drives, and high-performance drives for induction machines, highlighting the underlying physics of the machine

Includes coverage of modeling and high performance control of permanent magnet synchronous machines

Highlights the elements of power electronics used in electric drive systems

Examines simulation-based optimal design and numerical simulation of dynamical systems

Suitable for a one semester class at the senior undergraduate or a graduate level, the text supplies simulation cases that can be used as a base and can be supplemented through simulation assignments and small projects. It includes end-of-chapter problems designed to pick up on the points presented in chapters and develop them further or introduce additional aspects. The book provides an understanding of the fundamental laws of physics upon which electric machines operate, allowing students to master the mathematical skills that their modeling and analysis requires.

Table of Contents

Physics of Electric Machines

Introduction

Laws of Induction and Interaction: A Qualitative View

Induction and Interaction: A Closer Look

Energy Conversion in Electromechanical Systems

Nonlinear Phenomena in Magnetic Circuits

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

Principles of Alternating Current Machines

Introduction

Arrangement of Windings in AC Machines

Poly-Phase Machine Windings

Increasing the Number of Poles

Examples of Winding Arrangements

Winding Inductances

Problems

Principles of Direct Current Machines

Introduction

Elementary Direct Current Machine

Field and Armature Interaction in a DC Machine

Dynamic Modeling of a Separately Excited DC Machine

Steady State Observations and a Lead to Drive Principles

Closed-Loop Speed Control of DC Machines

Converter Circuits for Speed Control

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

Induction Machine Modeling

Introduction

Machine Equations in the ABC Phase Domain

Reference Frame Transformation of Machine Equations

Derivation of a Steady State Model

Equivalent Circuit Parameter Determination and Preparation

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

Steady State Induction Machine Drives

Introduction

Analysis of the Steady State Model

Lead to the Development of Drive Strategies

Stator Voltage Control

Stator Frequency Control

Constant Terminal Volts/Hertz Control

Controlled Stator Current Operation

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

High-Performance Control of Induction Machines

Introduction

Field-Oriented Control (Vector Control)

Direct Torque Control

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

High-Performance Control of Synchronous Machines

Introduction

Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Modeling

Torque Control of a PMSM

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

Power Electronic Circuits for Electric Motor Drives

Introduction

Conversion from an AC Source

Conversion from a DC Source

Practical Considerations for Power Electronic Circuits

Closing Remarks

Problems

References

Simulation-Based Design of Electric Drive Systems

Introduction

Principles of Simulation-Based Optimization

Example Cases of Simulation-Based Optimal Design of Electric Drive Systems

Closing Remarks

References

Appendix A: Numerical Simulation of Dynamical Systems

Appendix B: Power Semiconductor Devices

Appendix C: Trigonometric Identities

Index

While most books on the subject present material only on sensors and actuators, hardware and simulation, or modeling and control, Mechatronics: An Integrated Approach presents all of these topics in a single, unified volume from which users with a variety of engineering backgrounds can benefit. The integrated approach emphasizes the design and instrumentation of mechatronic systems. A versatile text that spans several courses in mechatronics, the book offers a strong foundation in such core subjects as dynamic system modeling, electronic components and analysis, mechanical components and analysis, robotics, sensors/transducers and instrumentation, stepper motors, dc and ac motors and drives, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, fluidics, automatic control, digital processing and hardware, communication and interfacing, software tools, design, and prototyping. Appendices provide additional background on Laplace and Fourier transform techniques, and software tools including MATLABO, SIMULINKO, and LabVIEWO. The book emphasizes practical situations and applications with numerous worked examples, problems, and exercises. An entire chapter is devoted to practical case studies. Mechatronics: An Integrated Approach seamlessly incorporates advanced theory and concepts, various considerations of practical applications including tools, instrumentation, design issues, automatic control, and industrial techniques using a reader-friendly, snapshot style that is ideal for students with a basic engineering background

The essential guide that combines power system fundamentals with the practical aspects of equipment design and operation in modern power systems Written by an experienced power engineer, AC Circuits and Power Systems in Practice offers a comprehensive guide that reviews power system fundamentals and network theorems while exploring the practical aspects of equipment design and application. The author covers a wide-range of topics including basic circuit theorems, phasor diagrams, per-unit quantities and symmetrical component theory, as well as active and reactive power and their effects on network stability, voltage support and voltage collapse. Magnetic circuits, reactor and transformer design are analyzed, as is the operation of step voltage regulators. In addition, detailed introductions are provided to earthing systems in LV and MV networks, the adverse effects of harmonics on power equipment and power system protection. Finally, European and American engineering standards are presented where appropriate throughout the text, to familiarize the reader with their use and application. This book is written as a practical power engineering text for engineering students and recent graduates. It contains more than 400 illustrations and is designed to provide the reader with a broad introduction to the subject and to facilitate further study. Many of the examples included come from industry and are not normally covered in undergraduate syllabi. They are provided to assist in bridging the gap between tertiary study and industrial practice, and to assist the professional development of recent graduates. The material presented is easy to follow and includes both mathematical and visual representations using phasor diagrams. Problems included at the end of most chapters are designed to walk the reader through practical applications of the associated theory.

This comprehensive, two-volume resource provides a thorough introduction to lithium ion (Li-ion) technology. Readers get a hands-on understanding of Li-ion technology, are guided through the design and assembly of a battery, through deployment, configuration and testing. The book covers dozens of applications, with solutions for each application provided. Volume One focuses on the Li-ion cell and its types, formats, and chemistries. Cell arrangements and issues, including series (balance) and parallel (fusing, inrush current) are also discussed. Li-ion Battery Management Systems are explored, focusing on types and topologies, functions, and selection. Battery design, assembly, deployment, troubleshooting and repair are also discussed, along with modular batteries, split batteries and battery arrays. Written by a prominent expert in the field and packed with over 500 illustrations, these volumes contain solutions to practical problems, making it useful for both the novice and experienced practitioners.

The book entitled "Advancements in Smart City and Intelligent Building" is the Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart City and Intelligent Building (ICSCIB 2018) held in Hefei, China, September 15-16, 2018. It contains 58 papers in total categorized into 8 different tracks, on Building Energy Efficiency, Construction Robot and Automation, Intelligent Community and Urban Safety, Intelligentialization of Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning System, Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems, New Generation Intelligent Building Platform Techniques, Smart Home and Utility, and Smart Underground Space, which cover a wide range areas of smart cities and intelligent buildings. ICSCIB2018 provided an international forum for professionals, academics, and researchers to present the latest developments from interdisciplinary theoretical studies, computational algorithm developments and engineering applications in smart cities and smart buildings. This academic event featured many opportunities to network with colleagues from around the world in a wonderful environment. Its program covered invitation and presentations from scientists, researchers, and practitioners who have been working in the related areas to establish platforms for collaborative research projects in these fields. The conference invited leaders from industry and academia to exchange and share their experiences, present research results, explore collaborations and to spark new ideas, with the aim of developing new projects and exploiting new technology in these fields, and bridge theoretical studies and emerging applications in various science and engineering branches. This book addresses the recent development and achievement in the field of smart city and intelligent building. It is primarily intended for researchers and students for undergraduate and postgraduate programs in the background of multiple disciplines including computer science, information systems, information technology, automatic control and automation, electrical and electronic engineering, and telecommunications who wish to develop and share their ideas, knowledge and new findings in smart city and intelligent building.

This book surveys state-of-the-art research on and developments in lithium-ion batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles. It summarizes their features in terms of performance, cost, service life, management, charging facilities, and safety. Vehicle electrification is now commonly accepted as a means of reducing fossil-fuels consumption and air pollution. At present, every electric vehicle on the road is powered by a lithium-ion battery. Currently, batteries based on lithium-ion technology are ranked first in terms of performance, reliability and safety. Though other systems, e.g., metal-air, lithium-sulphur, solid state, and aluminium-ion, are now being investigated, the lithium-ion system is likely to dominate for at least the next decade - which is why several manufacturers, e.g., Toyota, Nissan and Tesla, are chiefly focusing on this technology. Providing comprehensive information on lithium-ion batteries, the book includes contributions by the world's leading experts on Li-ion batteries and vehicles.

"A fully comprehensive introduction to smart grid standards and their applications for developers, consumers and service providers"

The critical role of standards for smart grid has already been realized by world-wide governments and industrial organizations. There are hundreds of standards for Smart Grid which have been developed in parallel by different organizations. It is therefore necessary to arrange those standards in such a way that it is easier for readers to easily understand and select a particular standard according to their requirements without going into the depth of each standard, which often spans from hundreds to thousands of pages.

The book will allow people in the smart grid areas and in the related industries to easily understand the fundamental standards of smart grid, and quickly find the building-block standards they need from hundreds of standards for implementing a smart grid system. The authors highlight the most advanced works and efforts now under way to realize an integrated and interoperable smart grid, such as the "NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Release 2.0," the" IEC Smart Grid Standardization Roadmap," the ISO/IEC's "Smart Grid Standards for Residential Customers," the ZigBee/HomePlug's "Smart Energy Profile Specification 2.0," IEEE's P2030 "Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads," and the latest joint research project results between the world's two largest economies, US and China. The book enables readers to fully understand the latest achievements and ongoing technical works of smart grid standards, and assist industry utilities, vendors, academia, regulators, and other smart grid stakeholders in future decision making.

The book begins with an overview of the smart grid, and introduces the opportunities in both developed and developing countries. It then examines the standards for power grid domain of the smart grid, including standards for blackout prevention and energy management, smart transmission, advanced distribution management and automation, smart substation automation, and condition monitoring. Communication and security standards as a whole are the backbone of smart grid and their standards, including those for wired and wireless communications, are then assessed. Finally the authors consider the standards and on-going work and efforts for interoperability and integration between different standards and networks, including the latest joint research effort between the world's two largest economies, US and China. A fully comprehensive introduction to smart grid standards and their applications for developers, consumers and service providersCovers all up-to-date standards of smart grid, including the key standards from NIST, IEC, ISO ZigBee, IEEE, HomePlug, SAE, and other international and regional standardization organizations. The Appendix summarizes all of the standards mentioned in the bookPresents standards for renewable energy and smart generation, covering wind energy, solar voltaic, fuel cells, pumped storage, distributed generation, and nuclear generation standards. Standards for other alternative sources of energy such as geothermal energy, and bioenergy are briefly introducedIntroduces the standards for smart storage and plug-in electric vehicles, including standards for distributed energy resources (DER), electric storage, and E-mobility/plug-in vehicles

The book is written in an accessible style, ideal as an introduction to the topic, yet contains sufficient detail and research to appeal to the more advanced and specialist reader.

Oliver D. Doleski schildert vor dem Hintergrund, dass traditionelle Geschaftsmodelle der Energiewirtschaft angesichts von Digitalisierung und Dezentralisierung hinfallig werden, den epochalen Veranderungsprozess vom monopolistischen Versorgungs- zum digitalen Energiedienstleistungsunternehmen. Das kompakte essential beschrankt sich dabei nicht nur auf die reine Beschreibung des Transformationsprozesses. Vielmehr bietet es dem Leser daruber hinaus sowohl einen pragnanten UEberblick uber profitable Betatigungsfelder digitaler Energiedienstleistungsunternehmen (Utility 4.0) als auch eine anwendungsorientierte Methode zur Realisierung neuer Geschaftsideen in der digitalen Energiewelt von morgen. Mit einem intuitiv verstandlichen Leitfaden zur praktischen Umsetzung der digitalen Transformation in der Energiewirtschaft schliesst das Buch.

This rigorous treatment of transmission lines presents all the essential concepts in a clear and straightforward manner. Key principles are demonstrated by numerous practical worked examples and illustrations, and complex mathematics is avoided throughout. Early chapters cover pulse propagation, sinusoidal waves and coupled lines, all set within the context of a simple lossless equivalent circuit. Later chapters then develop this basic model by demonstrating the derivation of circuit parameters, and the use of Maxwell's equations to extend this theory to major transmission lines. Finally, a discussion of photonic concepts and properties provides valuable insights into the fundamental physics underpinning transmission lines. Covering DC to optical frequencies, this accessible text is an invaluable resource for students, researchers and professionals in electrical, RF and microwave engineering.

In lively and engaging language, this book describes our dependence on freight transport and its vulnerability to diminishing supplies and high prices of oil. Ships, trucks, and trains are the backbone of civilization, hauling the goods that fulfill our every need and desire. Their powerful, highly-efficient diesel combustion engines are exquisitely fine-tuned to burn petroleum-based diesel fuel. These engines and the fuels that fire them have been among the most transformative yet disruptive technologies on the planet. Although this transportation revolution has allowed many of us to fill our homes with global goods even a past emperor would envy, our era of abundance, and the freight transport system in particular, is predicated on the affordability and high energy density of a single fuel, oil. This book explores alternatives to this finite resource including other liquid fuels, truck and locomotive batteries and utility-scale energy storage technology, and various forms of renewable electricity to support electrified transport. Transportation also must adapt to other challenges: Threats from climate change, financial busts, supply-chain failure, and transportation infrastructure decay. Robert Hirsch, who wrote the "Peaking of World Oil Production" report for the U.S. Department of Energy in 2005, said that planning for peak world production must start at least 10, if not 20 years ahead of time. What little planning exists focuses mainly on how to accommodate 30 percent more economic growth while averting climate change, ignoring the possibility that we are at, or near, the end of growth. Taken for granted, the modern transportation system will not endure forever. The time is now to take a realistic and critical look at the choices ahead, and how the future of transportation may unfold.

This book presents papers based on the presentations and discussions at the international workshop on Big Data Smart Transportation Analytics held July 16 and 17, 2016 at Tongji University in Shanghai and chaired by Professors Ukkusuri and Yang. The book is intended to explore a multidisciplinary perspective to big data science in urban transportation, motivated by three critical observations: The rapid advances in the observability of assets, platforms for matching supply and demand, thereby allowing sharing networks previously unimaginable. The nearly universal agreement that data from multiple sources, such as cell phones, social media, taxis and transit systems can allow an understanding of infrastructure systems that is critically important to both quality of life and successful economic competition at the global, national, regional, and local levels. There is presently a lack of unifying principles and methodologies that approach big data urban systems. The workshop brought together varied perspectives from engineering, computational scientists, state and central government, social scientists, physicists, and network science experts to develop a unifying set of research challenges and methodologies that are likely to impact infrastructure systems with a particular focus on transportation issues. The book deals with the emerging topic of data science for cities, a central topic in the last five years that is expected to become critical in academia, industry, and the government in the future. There is currently limited literature for researchers to know the opportunities and state of the art in this emerging area, so this book fills a gap by synthesizing the state of the art from various scholars and help identify new research directions for further study.

Mit Energiefragen beschaftigte Ingenieure sollten neben umfangreichen Fachkenntnissen aus ver- schiedenen technischen Wissensgebieten auch uber Informationen energiewirtschaftlicher Grund- zusammenhange verfugen. Beeinflusst von einer Vielzahl oekonomischer, technischer und politischer Faktoren J?efindet sich die Energiewirtschaft in standigem strukturellen Wandel. Die daraus resultierenden Anderungen des beruflichen Umfeldes sind von Energiefachleuten zu berucksichtigen und in geeignete Massnahmen umzusetzen. Das betrifft sowohl Aufgaben der Planung und Projektierung neuer Anlagen als auch die Anpassung bestehender Energieversorgungssysteme und Energieanlagen an neue Strukturen und Bedingungen. Im Rahmen der Handbuchreihe Energieberatung/Energiemanagement sollen mit diesem Band volks- und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte der Energiewirtschaft vermittelt werden, um damit Zu- sammenhange und Entscheidungen uber rationelle und sparsame Energieverwendungen aus oeko- nomischer Sicht beurteilen zu koennen. Der vorliegende Band ist in zwei Bereiche gegliedert. Der erste Bereich beinhaltet die Darstellung und Erlauterung allgemeiner energiewirtschaftlicher Grundzusammenhange und im zweiten Be- reich werden Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnungen behandelt, die der Entscheidungsvorbereitung zur Durchfuhrung von Investitionen dienen. Aufbauend auf einer UEbersicht uber die Ressourcen und Reserven an Energietragern in der Welt und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden Energieverbrauch und dessen Determinanten analy- siert. Daran schliesst sich eine Beschreibung der Preisbildungsprinzipien auf Energiemarkten und die Darstellung energiepolitischer Ziele an. Weiterhin erfolgt die Erlauterung der Energiewirtschaft in der ehemaligen DDR.

This book documents the outcomes of a study designed to explore ways of increasing resilience in a complex city system against disasters by focusing on the transportation system in London. A survey was undertaken comprising interviews with upper level decision makers as well as questionnaires to personnel in the field and the general public. The results of this survey are presented, together with a brief description of the past and current situation in the city with respect to transportation, flood risk and other vulnerabilities. The sources of problems in responding adequately to disasters are analyzed and important lessons drawn. In particular, it is explained how failures derive from insistence upon the application of written plans in preference over redefinition of strategies and priorities and how flexible systems represent a better approach to crisis situations. The book will be of interest to all who are concerned with disaster planning and management and the societal response to disasters.

Der vorliegende erste Band dieses Buches, dessen Titel aus der von mir fur alle Maschinenbaustudenten der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum gehaltenen Pflichtvorlesung "Fluidenergiemaschinen" entlehnt ist, soll entsprechend der Wortneuschoepfung dem Streben naCH moeglichst gemeinsamer Behandlung von Stroemungs- und Verdran- germaschinen Ausdruck geben, was dem ursprunglichen Bochumer Konzept fur das Maschinenbaustudium entspricht. Nach diesem Konzept sollte das Grundlagenwis- sen filr den Maschinenbauingenieur, welches selbst von AEnderungen des physikali- schen Weltbildes in den kommenden Jahren voraussichtlich wenig beruhrt werden durfte, sehr intensiv vermittelt werden, wahrend die Auslegung und Konstruktion von Maschinen und Anlagen, welche den sich andernden Bewertungsmassstaben und dem sich wandelnden Zeitgeschmack unterliegen, nur an wenigen Beispielen der modernen Technik behandelt werden sollten. Als ein Beispiel in diesem Sinne ist die Stroemungsmaschine gewahlt worden, weil einerseits zu ihrer Auslegung das gesamte Grundlagenwissen angewendet werden kann, und andererseits gegenwartig ein gegenuber der Verdrangermaschine weiter- gehendes theoretisches Eindringen in die Funktionsablaufe moeglich ist. Die durch diese Wahl benachteiligten Verdrangermaschinen verlangten .jedoch auf- grund ihrer grossen Verbreitung und ihrer sowohl technischen als auch wirtschaft- lichen Bedeutung nach einer Berucksichtigung, ohne den Lehrstoff unnoetig aufzu- blahen, so dass eine mit der genannten Wortneuschoepfung bezeichnete gemeinsame Behandlung beider Maschinenarten aufgegriffen wurde. Im vorliegenden Band werden die Stroemungs- und Arbeitsvorgange nur vom Fluid aus betrachtet, wobei uber die geometrischen Abmessungen der gedachten Fluid- energiemaschinen noch nichts ausgesagt wird.