In this book, distributional justice theories developed by John Rawls and Amartya Sen are applied to the governance of today's media, proposing a fresh, and innovative assessment of the potential role for media in society. Three case studies describe the utilization of new media by marginalized communities in Israel - Ethiopian immigrants, the Bedouin and Palestinians - and set the stage for media policy scholars, teachers and students to discuss an analytic framework for media policy that is fresh, different, innovative and original. Departing from the utilitarian principles that dominate Western liberal regimes, and that have led to the proliferation of media systems in which control is concentrated in the hands of the few, this work proposes an alternative that focuses on redistributing power and voice.

Journalists have often lost constitutional rights for coverage and commentary during America's wars. Based on analysis of two hundred years of law and history, this study argues that press freedom cannot and should not be suspended during armed conflict. The military and the media must work together because neither has authority over the other.

Thirty years ago American political life was all relentless, painful, and confounding: the Tet Offensive brought new intensity to the Vietnam War; President Lyndon Johnson would not seek re-election; Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy were assassinated; student protests rocked France; a Soviet invasion ended "socialism with a human face" in Czechoslovakia; the Mexican government massacred scores of peaceful demonstrators; and Richard M. Nixon was elected president. Any one of the events of 1968 bears claim to historical significance. Together they set off shock waves that divided Americans into new and contending categories: hawks and doves, old and young, feminists and chauvinists, straights and hippies, blacks and whites, militants and moderates. As citizens alive to their own time and as reporters responsible for making sense of it, journalists did not stand aside from the conflicts of 1968. In their lives and in their work, they grappled with momentous issues--war, politics, race, and protest.

The contributors to 1968: Year of Media Decision establish not only what journalism meant in 1968, but also gauge the distance and direction that news reporting has traveled since then. There are contrasting essays by David Halberstam, a former war correspondent, and Winant Sidle, a retired major general; former reporter and author Jules Witcover, Jack Newfield on Robert Kennedy's final hour, Curtis Gans on the "Dump Lyndon Johnson" campaign, Dan T. Carter on George C. Wallace, Tom Wicker on Richard Nixon, and Robert Shogan on the new political order. In "Race" Pamela Newkirk discusses the origins and impact of the Kerner report. Robert Lipsyte explores the 1968 Olympics. Robert Friedman details the Columbia University strike, Claude-Jean Bertrand examines the French protests, and there are essays by Mary Holland on Northern Ireland, Madeline K. Albright on the press of the Prague Spring, Suzanne Levine on "the bra that was never burned," and Raymundo Riva Palacio on the Mexican media.

With the perspective of thirty years we can see that the events of 1968, which once seemed to erupt out of nowhere, were the consequences of powerful trends. At the same time gauging the distance between then and now can help make it clear which aftershocks of 1968 are with us and which collectively, have disappeared. This volume tells us important things about not only where journalism has been but where it is going.

Walter Lippmann began his career as a brilliant young man at Harvard--studying under George Santayana, taking tea with William James, a radical outsider arguing socialism with anyone who would listen--and he ended it in his eighties, writing passionately about the agony of rioting in the streets, war in Asia, and the collapse of a presidency. In between he lived through two world wars, and a depression that shook the foundations of American capitalism.

Walter Lippmann (1889-1974) has been hailed as the greatest journalist of his age. For more than sixty years he exerted unprecedented influence on American public opinion through his writing, especially his famous newspaper column "Today and Tomorrow." Beginning with The New Republic in the halcyon days prior to Woodrow Wilson and the First World War, millions of Americans gradually came to rely on Lippmann to comprehend the vital issues of the day.

In this absorbing biography, Ronald Steel meticulously documents the philosophers and politics, the friendships and quarrels, the trials and triumphs of this man who for six decades stood at the center of American political life. Lippmann's experience spanned a period when the American empire was born, matured, and began to wane, a time some have called "the American Century." No one better captured its possibilities and wrote about them so wisely and so well, no one was more the mind, the voice, and the conscience of that era than Walter Lippmann: journalist, moralist, public philosopher.

The airwaves in America are being used by armed militias, conspiracy theorists, survivalists, the religious right, white supremacists, neo-Nazis, and other radical groups to reach millions with their messages of hate and fear. Waves of Rancor examines the origin, nature, and impact of right-wing electronic media, including radio, television, cable, the internet, and even music CDs.

Exploring the interactions that swirl around scientific uncertainty and its coverage by the mass media, this volume breaks new ground by looking at these issues from three different perspectives: that of communication scholars who have studied uncertainty in a number of ways; that of science journalists who have covered these issues; and that of scientists who have been actively involved in researching uncertain science and talking to reporters about it. In particular, "Communicating Uncertainty" examines how well the mass media convey to the public the complexities, ambiguities, and controversies that are part of scientific uncertainty.
In addition to its new approach to scientific uncertainty and mass media interactions, this book distinguishes itself in the quality of work it assembles by some of the best known science communication scholars in the world. This volume continues the exploration of interactions between scientists and journalists that the three coeditors first documented in their highly successful volume, "Scientists and Journalists: Reporting Science as News, " which was used for many years as a text in science journalism courses around the world.

"Covering the Courts" shows how writers and journalists deal with present-day major trials, such as those involving Timothy McVeigh and O.J. Simpson. The volume features such outstanding contributors as Linda Deutsch and Fred Graham, and provides an in-depth look at the performance of the court in an age of heightened participation by reporters, camera operators, social scientists, major moguls of network radio and television, and advocates of special causes. The volume does far more than discuss specific cases. Indeed, it is a major tool in the study of the new relationships between a free press and a fair trial. Interestingly, a consensus is described in which the parties involved in efforts to balance freedom of the press and the right to a fair trial are moving in tandem. In this regard, sensitive issues ranging from the universality of law to the particularity of racial, religious, and gender claims, are explored with great candor. The volume also turns the intellectual discourse to its major players: the members of the press, the lawyers, and the judiciary. Has there been a shift from reporting functions to entertainment values? Does television and live presentation shift the burden from the contents of a case to the photogenic and star quality of players? What excites and intrigues the public: serious disturbances to the peace and mass mayhem, such as the Oklahoma bombings or sexual adventures of entertainment and sports figures? The findings are sometimes disturbing, but the reading is never dull. This book will be of interest to journalists, lawyers, and the interested general public. This volume is the latest in the Transaction Media Studies Series edited by Everette E. Dennis, dean of the school of communication at Fordham University. The volume itself is edited by "Robert Giles," the editor, and "Robert W. Snyder," the managing editor, of "Media Studies Journal." The original contributions were initially presented at The Freedom Forum and its Media Studies Center.

How are events turned into news pictures that define them for the audience? How do events become commodified into pictures that both capture them and reiterate the values of the agencies that sell them? This book looks at every stage of the production of news photographs as they move to and from the ground and are sold around the world. Based on extensive fieldwork at a leading international news agency that includes participant observation with photographers in the field, at the agency's local and global picture desks in Israel, Singapore, and the UK, in-depth interviews with pictures professionals, and observations and in-depth interviews at The Guardian's picture desk in London, the findings in this book point to a wide cultural production infrastructure hidden from - and yet also nurtured and thus very much determined by - the consumer's eye.

Draws on media's past strengths to define a more responsive role for journalism's future. This work covers many current trends: minority voices, providing interactive community forums, reconciling informational and entertainment functions, understanding bias and creating public opinion.

This volume, marking the eightieth anniversary of the journal The Political Quarterly, contains a selection of articles from eight decades of progressive writing and provides both a fascinating window on the past and a stimulus to thought and action in the present. * A free-thinking platform for the leading voices of the progressive tradition in British politics * Spans eight decades of progressive writing from voices which still have something to say to us now * Aims to bridge the divide between thought and action and to provide an intellectual foundation for practical reform and for progressive politics

Most great transformations are not apparent as we live through them. Only in hindsight do individual moments acquire layers of meaning that give them great significance. Looking back is not something that comes naturally to journalists, immersed as they are in breaking events and relentless deadlines. But there is still good reason for journalists, scholars, and people who care about journalism to think about the critical episodes in its recent evolution. In "Defining Moments in Journalism, "such authors vividly describe episodes of this kind.

Some of the chapters and contributors include: "The Lessons of Little Rock" by Harry S. Ashmore; "Vietnam and War Reporting" by Peter Arnett; "Photo-journalists--Visionaries Who Have Changed Our Vision" by Jane M. Rosett; "The Weight of Watergate" by Ellen Hume; "Women Sportswriters--Business as Usual" by Mary Schmitt; "The Connie Chung Phenomenon" by Somini Sengupta; and "Covering Politics--Is There a Female Difference?" by Judy Woodruff.

The years since the Great Depression and World War II have seen vast changes in America and also in its journalism. Journalists' relationship to power and authority is more complex; the press corps has become more diverse; the technology of news reporting is almost unrecognizably different from that of fifty years ago; and economic reorganization of the media has bundled news and entertainment organizations into conglomerates of extraordinary size. "Defining Moments in Journalism "is a fascinating read for communications scholars and professionals, historians, and political scientists.

Between 1988 and 1992 a technologically sophisticated entrepreneurial leadership at the Christian Science Monitor led a costly campaign to diversify beyond the failing newspaper into radio, the Internet, multimedia publishing, and the highest ticket item of all -- a CNN-style, 24-hour news and public affairs cable TV channel. In 1992, the entire enterprise came crashing down. Sue Bridge tells the whole story here, setting it in the historical context of Monitor journalism, beginning with the paper's founding in 1908, through the rise of television in the fifties and sixties, and ending with the effective loss of the Monitor as a significant voice in American journalism, at a time when thoughtful and balanced sources of information are increasingly lost in the mass communications marketplace

Making the Local News is a comprehensive assessment of contemporary local news production which traces the shifting position of local newspapers within local, national and multi-national media. Besides analysing the rapid technological advances of recent years, this unique textbook investigates the distinctive editorial formats of local daily and weekly papers, free papers and alternative press, local press regulation, the coverage of political and business news, and the contribution of national and local government agencies to the construction of local news agendas.

Magazine Law is a comprehensive guide to the law for magazine journalists, editors and managers. Written by a barrister experienced in publishing and copyright law and a former magazine journalist and law lecturer, the book addresses the special needs of the magazine industry and explains the laws that regulate and seek to determine what journalists can and cannot publish, and how these laws are applied in everyday situations.
Written specifically for all those in the magazine industry, as well as students of magazine journalism, the authors address issues which directly affect day to day practice. The legal and regulatory framework is illustrated with case studies and up-to-date examples of precedent setting cases.
Topics covered include:
* the legal process and the distinction between criminal and civil law
* the role of the courts and reporting court procedure
* defamation, fair-comment and libel
* product testing and criticism
* copyright and passing off
* law for photographers, picture researchers and the use of illustrations
* privacy and trespass
* competition, lotteries and magazine promotion
* sub-editing errors and inaccurate copy
* ethical and professional issues facing journalists
Codes of Practice published by the Press Complaints Commission and National Union of Journalists are set out in appendices, as are requirements for the award of a National Vocational Qualification in Periodical Journalism in Press Law and Ethics. A glossary of legal terms is included.

In this political communication text, Richard M. Perloff examines the various ways in which messages are constructed and communicated from public officials and politicians through the mass media to the ultimate receivers-the people. With a focus on the history of political communication, he provides an overview of the most significant issues in the study of politics and the media.
In addition to synthesizing facts and theories, and highlighting the scholarly contributions made to the understanding of political communication effects, "Political Communication" addresses such factors as the rhetorical accomplishments of American presidents, the ongoing tangles between the press and the presidency, and the historical roots of politics as it is practiced and studied today. It also addresses major issues about the press and politics that continually resurface, such as question of press bias and the use and manipulation of media by politicians to accomplish national goals.
As a comprehensive and engaging introduction to contemporary political communication, this volume provides all readers with a historical perspective on American politics and press and offers a unique appreciation of the strengths and virtues of political communication in America.

In this political communication text, Richard M. Perloff examines the various ways in which messages are constructed and communicated from public officials and politicians through the mass media to the ultimate receivers-the people. With a focus on the history of political communication, he provides an overview of the most significant issues in the study of politics and the media.
In addition to synthesizing facts and theories, and highlighting the scholarly contributions made to the understanding of political communication effects, "Political Communication" addresses such factors as the rhetorical accomplishments of American presidents, the ongoing tangles between the press and the presidency, and the historical roots of politics as it is practiced and studied today. It also addresses major issues about the press and politics that continually resurface, such as question of press bias and the use and manipulation of media by politicians to accomplish national goals.
As a comprehensive and engaging introduction to contemporary political communication, this volume provides all readers with a historical perspective on American politics and press and offers a unique appreciation of the strengths and virtues of political communication in America.

Basic TV Reporting is a practical, easy to read guide to the skills needed to become a successful television reporter - arguably the most demanding and glamorous job in journalism. The book describes the role in detail, how reporters fit into the editorial team and where their duties begin and end.

Basic TV Reporting is a practical, easy to read guide to the skills needed to become a successful television reporter - arguably the most demanding and glamorous job in journalism. The book describes the role in detail, how reporters fit into the editorial team and where their duties begin and end.
The late Ivor Yorke has enjoyed a wealth of experience to pass on to aspiring broadcast journalists, having spent more than 20 years as a writer, reporter, producer and editor, before becoming Head of Journalist Training, BBC News and Current Affairs. He was also a freelance training consultant. He is the author of Television News (now in its third edition) and co-author with the late Bernard Hesketh of An Introduction to ENG, also published by Focal Press.
Reviews:
This is a short, well-constructed book which is of as much value to the interviewed as to the interviewer. It is practical and down-to-earth (keep off the gin, and stick to the tonic') and delightfully easy to read.'
British Journal of Educational Technology.
' Easy to read guide to the skills needed to become a successful TV
reporter.'
Voice of the Listener
Learn how to be a successful anchorman and commentator
Read how to handle difficult interviewees and multi-interview programmes and talkshows
take care when working on dangerous assignments The legal constraints and ethical considerationsfaced by reporters are also covered.

Sacred Sites, Sacred Places explores the concept of 'sacred' and what it means to people in differing cultures. Archaeologists, legislators and those involved in heritage management sometimes come into conflict with local populations over sites which these communities consider to be sacred. This volume is unique in attempting to describe the belief systems surrounding such sites, and in relating these beliefs and practices to the practical problems of heritage management. The book demonstrates the need to accommodate those beliefs which are a vital part of ongoing cultural identity.
The geographical coverage of this collection is exceptionally wide and its range of contributors, including indigenous peoples, archaeologists, anthropologists and heritage professionals, is unrivalled in any other publication.

Michael Wharton, of course, was Peter Simple of the Daily Telegraph. A Dubious Codicil is the second and more rare volume of his autobiography. It takes up his story in 1957 when the author first started working for the Daily Telegraph where he remained for thirty-three years writing the Way of the World column. He soon established a name as the funniest and most mordant columnist in Britain, combining splendid comic characters, for example, Mrs Dutt-Pauker the Hampstead thinker and Julian Birdbath the depressed man of letters, with philippics on the evils of the age, from television and mass tourism to flights to the moon and almost any activity involving scientists and men in white coats. And yet, by a pleasing paradox, his dislike of the permissive society did not prevent him from leading an unconventional life which, as he gleefully points out, might have shocked more hidebound journalists, dutifully making their way to suburban homes while the arch-eccentrics of the Telegraph gathered in Fleet Street's Kings and Keys. Their world and their highly unorthodox behaviour are vividly brought to life. But this bohemian existence was troubled, in Michael Wharton's case, by a growing sense of futility and time passing. Temporary salvation, at least, lay to hand in his beloved Westmorland where, with congenial local companions, he helped to save the Eden Valley from the onslaught of developers. A Missing Will, the first volume of his autobiography, is also available in Faber Finds. '. . . .Yet the book is quite fascinating to read . . . It is partly the fascination of following a well-known and well-loved character through this vales of tears - however much he may suppose he has hidden himself behind the personality of Peter Simple, however unknown and unloved he may imagine himself to be, there can be few readers of Peter Simple who will not ''identify'' with him. It is also partly the high interest of watching a giant among familiar contemporary scenes, as if Shakespeare had emerged in the garb of Mr Pooter.' Auberon Waugh, Sunday Telegraph

For journalists and reporters, the allegation of hegemonic practices constitute a most serious condemnation. It supposes that the media is working in the interest of the political establishment to create a false counsciousness. However, starting with Raymond Williams's refined definition of hegemony, the author shows how hegemony is an almost unwitting process which supports the status quo and the establishment. This text illustrates how this "soft hegemony" is manifest in the everyday workings of the media, and all the more so, when the media are on one side of a serious conflict. Considering the reporting of the Israel-Arab conflict and the 1991 Gulf War, Liebes demonstrates how national journalism supports the dominant ideology. This unintentional assimilation is the result of shared values, the inaccessibility of the other side, the preference for celebrating success rather than exposing failure, and a wish to be popular with the public. It shows how journalists abandon their watch-dog role, however, unintentionally, to support "our side", especially in time of war.

Conducting computer analyses for the purposes of revealing information of significance to the press represents an extension of one of the most important forms of American journalism into the contemporary era of new technologies. Investigative reporting had its start with the establishment of the metropolitan newspaper during the early decades of the 1900s. At the time, it was a continuation of the evolving tradition of freedom of the press that had characterized American political life since colonial times. As it developed, investigative reporting stressed "facts" rather than the opinions of the editor or reporter. In turn, that tradition had its own intellectual roots. Today, computer-assisted investigative reporting (CAIR) extends that marketplace of ideas into systematic examinations of the electronic records of government. In addition, computer analyses of other kinds of information systematically gathered by journalists can provide the press with insights into trends and patterns unlikely to be revealed by other means.
This unique volume addresses procedures and issues in investigative journalism that have not been explained in other publications. It sets forth -- for the first time -- a detailed and specific "methodology" for conducting computer-assisted investigative analyses of both large and small scale electronic records of government and other agencies. That methodology consists of the logic of inquiry, strategies for reaching valid conclusions, and rules for reporting what has been revealed by the analyses to the public in clear ways. Such systematic methodologies are essential in social and other sciences and the development of a counterpart for investigative journalism has been badly needed.
That systematic methodology is developed within a context that explains the origin and major characteristics of those elements that have come together in American society to make computer-assisted investigative reporting both possible and increasingly a part of standard newsroom practices. These include the development of traditional investigative journalism, the evolution of computer technology, the use of computers by government to keep records, the legal evolution of freedom of information laws, the rapid adoption of computers in newsrooms, the increasing importance of precision journalism, and the sharp increase in recent times of computer-assisted investigative reporting by American newspapers both large and small. The issues addressed in this book are discussed in a very readable context with an abundance of examples and illustrations drawn from the real world of journalism as it is practiced daily in newsrooms around the country. Explanations of concepts, principles, and procedures are set forth in layperson's terms that require very little in the way of knowledge of computers or statistical methods.

This volume addresses some of the central issues of journalism today -- the nature and needs of the individual versus the nature and needs of the broader society; theories of communitarianism versus Enlightenment liberalism; independence versus interdependence (vs. co-dependency); negative versus positive freedoms; Constitutional mandates versus marketplace mandates; universal ethical issues versus situational and/or professional values; traditional values versus information age values; ethics of management versus ethics of worker bees; commitment and compassion versus detachment and professional distance; conflicts of interest versus conflicted disinterest; and talking to versus talking with. All of these issues are discussed within the framework of the frenetic field of daily journalism--a field that operates at a pace and under a set of professional standards that all but preclude careful, systematic examinations of its own rituals and practices. The explorations presented here not only advance the enterprise, but also help student and professional observers to work through some of the most perplexing dilemmas to have faced the news media and public in recent times.
This lively volume showcases the differing opinions of journalistic experts on this significant contemporary issue in public life. Unlike previous books and monographs which have tended toward unbridled enthusiasm about public journalism, and trade press articles which have tended toward pessimism, this book offers strong voices on several sides of this complex debate.
To help inform the debate, a series of voices--journalistic interviews with practitioners and critics of public journalism -- is interspersed throughout the text. At the end of each essay, a series of quotes from a wide variety of sources -- In other words... -- augments each chapter with ideas and insights that support and contradict the points used by each chapter author.

This volume addresses some of the central issues of journalism today -- the nature and needs of the individual versus the nature and needs of the broader society; theories of communitarianism versus Enlightenment liberalism; independence versus interdependence (vs. co-dependency); negative versus positive freedoms; Constitutional mandates versus marketplace mandates; universal ethical issues versus situational and/or professional values; traditional values versus information age values; ethics of management versus ethics of worker bees; commitment and compassion versus detachment and professional distance; conflicts of interest versus conflicted disinterest; and talking to versus talking with. All of these issues are discussed within the framework of the frenetic field of daily journalism--a field that operates at a pace and under a set of professional standards that all but preclude careful, systematic examinations of its own rituals and practices. The explorations presented here not only advance the enterprise, but also help student and professional observers to work through some of the most perplexing dilemmas to have faced the news media and public in recent times.
This lively volume showcases the differing opinions of journalistic experts on this significant contemporary issue in public life. Unlike previous books and monographs which have tended toward unbridled enthusiasm about public journalism, and trade press articles which have tended toward pessimism, this book offers strong voices on several sides of this complex debate.
To help inform the debate, a series of voices--journalistic interviews with practitioners and critics of public journalism -- is interspersed throughout the text. At the end of each essay, a series of quotes from a wide variety of sources -- In other words... -- augments each chapter with ideas and insights that support and contradict the points used by each chapter author.

Since its founding in 1937, "Partisan Review" has been one of the most important and culturally influential journals in America. Under the legendary editorship of William Phillips and Philip Rahv, "Partisan Review" began as a publication of the John Reed Club, but soon broke away to establish itself as a free voice of critical dissent. As such, it counteracted the inroads of cultural Stalinism and took up the fight for aesthetic modernism at a time when the latter was fiercely contested by both the political left and right. In this work, William Phillips offers an account of his own part in the magazine's eventful history. As the magazine's editor, Edith Kurzweil, notes in her introduction, many of the literary and political disagreements that famously marked "Partisan Review"'s history originated in the editors' initial adherence to a programme of radical politics and avant-gardism. Although this proved increasingly unworkable, Phillips and Rahv, even from the outset, never allowed sectarian narrowness to determine the magazine's contents. Over the decades, "Partisan Review" published work by authors as far from radicalism as T.S. Eliot and Wallace Stevens or from Marxist orthodoxy as Albert Camus and George Orwell. In literature, its contributors were as stylistically and intellectually varied as Saul Bellow, Vladimir Nabokov, Robert Lowell and Isaac Bashevis Singer. In short, "Partisan Review" featured the best fiction, poetry and essays of the 1940s and postwar decades. Beyond its literary preeminence, Partisan Review was famed as the most representative journal of the New York Intellectuals.