In this monograph, the authors demonstrate how the integration of adaptability, operability, and re-configurability in the design of complex systems is indispensable for the further digitization of engineering systems in smart manufacturing. Globalization of the customer base has resulted in distributed and networked manufacturing systems. However, current design methods are not suitable to address variations in product design, changes in production scale, or variations in product quality necessitated by dynamic changes in the market. Adaptability, operability, and re-configurability are key characteristics that are necessary to address the limitations of the current methods used to design networked manufacturing systems. In recent years, the digital transformation driving Industry 4.0 has had an enormous impact on globally distributed manufacturing. Digitalisation, the integration of digital technology into networked engineered systems, is increasingly being adopted to respond to changes in the market. This is achieved by means of (a) the concurrent design of adaptable systems, (b) addressing flexibility in design parameters, (c) conducting an operability analysis, and (d) employing a reconfiguration strategy to address faults and variances in product quality and re-establish connectivity among the elements in the system. The design of manufacturing systems in the age of Industry 4.0 is addressed in this monograph. The authors introduce the concept of a 'smart platform' and a computational framework for the digitalization of networked manufacturing systems. They also suggest how the framework and techniques in this monograph are applicable beyond the manufacturing domain for architecting networked engineered systems in other industries such as chemical processes and health care, that are being transformed through the adoption of the Industry 4.0 construct.

Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Heavy Gas and Risk Assessment, Bonn, Wissenschaftszentrum, November 12-13, 1984

Drives and Control for Industrial Automation presents the material necessary for an understanding of servo control in automation. Beginning with a macroscopic view of its subject, treating drives and control as parts of a single system, the book then pursues a detailed discussion of the major components of servo control: sensors, controllers and actuators. Throughout, the mechatronic approach a synergistic integration of the components is maintained, in keeping with contemporary practice.

The authors holistic approach does not preclude the reader from learning in a step-by-step fashion each chapter contains material that can be studied separately without compromising understanding. Drives are described in several chapters organized according to the way they are usually classified in industry, each comprised of its actuators and sensors. The controller is discussed alongside. Topics of recent and current interest piezoelectricity, digital communications and future trends are detailed in their own dedicated chapters.

Drives and Control for Industrial Automation is primarily written for engineers and researchers interested in the applications of sensors, actuators and control systems in the automated environment. The discussion is thorough with the basics laid out succinctly but in sufficient detail to be useful to non-expert readers so students will also find this monograph a profitable source of information."

This book is designed for the chemist, formulator, student, teacher, forensic scientist, or others who wish to investigate the composition of polymeric materials. Theinformationwithinthesepagesisintendedtoarmthereaderwiththenecessary workingknowledgetoanalyze, characterize, anddeformulatematerials. ThestructureoftheContentsisintendedtoassistthereaderinquicklylocating the subject of interest and proceed to it with a minimum of expended time and effort. The Contents provides an outline of major topics and relevant materials char- terizedforthereader'sconvenience. Anintroductiontoanalysisanddeformulation is provided in Chapter 1 to acquaint the reader with analytical methods and their applications. Extensive references are provided as additional sources ofinfor- tion. All tables arelocatedin theAppendix, beginning onp. 235. GUIDE FOR USE This is a practical book structured to efficiently use the reader's time with a minimum effort of searching for entries and information by following these brief instructions: 1. Searchthe Contents and/orIndex fora subject withinthe text. 2. Analysis/deformulation principles are discussed at the outset to familiarize the reader with analysis methods and instruments; followed by formu- tions, materials, and analysis ofpaint, plastics, adhesives, and inks; and finally reformulation methods to test the results of analysis. 3. Materials and a wide assortment of formulations are discussed within the text by chapter/section number. 4. Materials are referred toby various names (trivial, trade, and scientific), and these are listed in tables and cross-referenced to aid the reader.

Structure formation in crystallizing polymers, as occurring during processing, has not been treated so far in a coherent form. This fact explains, why this monograph is written as the ?rst book devoted to this subject. A quarter of a century ago the underdevelopment of this subject was obvious. Trial and error dominated. In fact, other apposite subjects as polymer melt rheology or heat transfer, had reached high levels. A great number of books has been devoted to them. Mold ?lling of amorphous polymers and the solidi?cation of these polymers by vitri?cation can nowadays be simulated numerically with a high degree of accuracy. In the solidi?ed sample even residual stresses and corresponding birefringence effects can accurately be 1 calculated . However, semicrystalline polymers, which form the majority of industrial po- mers, have been excluded from these considerations for good reasons. In fact, great uncertainties existed about the formation of quality determining crystalline str- tures. In particular, polyole?ns suffered from this shortcoming. In 1983 this fact instigated the polymer research group at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz to start with pertinent activities. The urgency of this kind of studies becomes evident, if advantages and hitches of these polymers are considered. 1. Versatility of processing: Injection molding into a great variety of shapes and sizes, from thin walled beakers to garden chairs, not to forget pipe and pro?le extrusion, cable coating, ?ber spinning, ?lm blowing. 2. Product qualities: Ductility, low density, good electric insulation, corrosion resistance, surface quality.

Design for Manufacturability and Statistical Design: A Comprehensive Approach presents a comprehensive overview of methods that need to be mastered in understanding state-of-the-art design for manufacturability and statistical design methodologies. Broadly, design for manufacturability is a set of techniques that attempt to fix the systematic sources of variability, such as those due to photolithography and CMP. Statistical design, on the other hand, deals with the random sources of variability. Both paradigms operate within a common framework, and their joint comprehensive treatment is one of the objectives of this book and an important differentation.

Direct Engineering (DE) is the creation of a product development cycle into a single, unified process. The design process in most industries is an evolutionary one (i.e., incremental changes to some existing design). DE is a manufacturing process that seeks to improve the design processes by providing complete archival documentation of existing designs. It uses three-dimensional geometric models with integrated manufacturing information throughout the design process. DE reduces the design cycle, and the variety and number of engineering changes. This process decreases the design cycle time, increases productivity, and provides a higher quality product. The required technologies and methodologies that will support the development of the DE environment are: (1) product representation using feature-based modeling; (2) knowledge-based applications that will support the entire product development cycle; (3) an engineering environment implemented around distributed computing and object-oriented systems; (4) direct manufacturing techniques using rapid prototyping. Direct Engineering: Toward Intelligent Manufacturing addresses the following recent topics related to the development, implementation, and integration of the DE environment: (1) the current scope of the research in intelligent manufacturing; (2) the results of the technologies and tools developed for integrated product and process designs, and (3) examination of the methodologies and algorithms used for the implementation of direct engineering.

This thesis reports on an innovative production-scheduling model for virtual computer-integrated manufacturing (VCIM) systems. It also describes a robust genetic algorithm for production scheduling in VCIM systems. The model, which is the most comprehensive of its kind to date, is not only capable of supporting collaborative shipment scheduling and handling multiple product orders simultaneously, but also helps cope with multiple objective functions under uncertainties. In turn, the genetic algorithm, characterised by an innovative algorithm structure, chromosome encoding, crossover and mutation, is capable of searching for optimal/suboptimal solutions to the complex optimisation problem in the VCIM production- scheduling model described. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified in a comprehensive case study.

The scientific theme of the book is "Virtualisation - a multifaceted key enabler of Industry 4.0 from holonic to cloud manufacturing" which is addressed in the framework of cyber-physical system development. The book approaches cyber-physical systems for manufacturing with emergent digital technologies: Internet of Things, digital twins (based on the virtualization of production models embedded in the design, virtual commissioning, optimization and resilience of processes and fault tolerance of resources), big data, cloud control and computing, machine learning and cobots, that are applied in the book's chapters to industry and service sectors such as manufacturing, energy, logistics, construction and health care. The novelty of this approach consists in interpreting and applying the characteristics of RAMI4.0-the reference architecture model of the Industry 4.0 framework-as combinations of virtualized cyber-physical system elements and IT components in life cycle value stream models. The general scope of the book is to foster innovation in smart and sustainable manufacturing and logistics systems and in this context to promote concepts, methods and solutions for the digital transformation of manufacturing through service orientation in holonic and agent-based control with distributed intelligence. The book's readership is comprised by researchers and engineers working in the manufacturing value chain area who develop and use digital control solutions in the "Industry of the Future" vision. The book also addresses to master's and Ph.D. students enrolled in Engineering Sciences programs.

During the last two decades, a tremendous growth in the popularity and applications of computers in manufacturing has occurred. Computer aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, flexible manufacturing systems, group technology and many others are considered by many manufacturing executives as the most promising technologies and philosophies that, if successfully implemented, can reduce costs and enable the US manufacturing companies to become more competitive in the global market. In the computer-integrated manufacturing environ ment, the decision processes are often more involved. The decision makers are frequently required to have access to a vast amount of data to support and analyze their complex decision problems at strategic and tactical levels. Decision support systems are often referred to as computer-based information technologies that allow the decision makers to interactively communicate and solve the decision problems. Manufacturing Decision Support Systems is intended to report the latest developments and address the central issues in this area. This volume consists of 14 refereed chapters, written by leading researchers from academia and industry."

This is the proceedings of the selected papers presented at 2011 International Conference on Engineering Education and Management (ICEEM2011) held in Guangzhou, China, during November 18-20, 2011. ICEEM2011 is one of the most important conferences in the field of Engineering Education and Management and is co-organized by Guangzhou University, The University of New South Wales, Zhejiang University and Xi'an Jiaotong University. The conference aims to provide a high-level international forum for scientists, engineers, and students to present their new advances and research results in the field of Engineering Education and Management.

This volume comprises 121 papers selected from over 400 papers originally submitted by universities and industrial concerns all over the world. The papers specifically cover the topics of Management Science and Engineering, Engineering Education and Training, Project/Engineering Management, and Other related topics. All of the papers were peer-reviewed by selected experts. The papers have been selected for this volume because of their quality and their relevancy to the topic. This volume will provide readers with a broad overview of the latest advances in the field of Engineering Education and Management. It will also constitute a valuable reference work for researchers in the fields of Engineering Education and Management.

In important branches of manufacturing industries, especially those producing chemicals, polymers, semiconductors, ceramics, metals and alloys, analytical process control is already an integral part of the company. Far reaching decisions with respect to quality, ecology and economy are based on the respective analytical data. The goal of this practice-oriented book is to introduce chemists, engineers and technicians to the strategies, techniques and efficiency of modern process analytical chemistry. The author is especially aiming at those professionals in small and medium enterprises who have to carry out process control tasks in a "solo-run".

Applies the methods of modern quality to the testing of digital integrated circuits. Explains new paradigms and techniques ranging from SSI to high-level VLSI, and how to match testing methods to the design and physical layout of the device. Accounts for the change in the electronics industry from a

Human reliability, error, and human factors in the area of power generation have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. Each year billions of dollars are spent in the area of power generation to design, construct/manufacture, operate, and maintain various types of power systems around the globe, and such systems often fail due to human error. This book compiles various recent results and data into one volume, and eliminates the need to consult many diverse sources to obtain vital information. It enables potential readers to delve deeper into a specific area, providing the source of most of the material presented in references at the end of each chapter. Examples along with solutions are also provided at appropriate places, and there are numerous problems for testing the reader's comprehension.

Chapters cover a broad range of topics, including general methods for performing human reliability and error analysis in power plants, specific human reliability analysis methods for nuclear power plants, human factors in control systems, and human error in power plant maintenance. They are written in such a manner that the potential reader requires no previous knowledge to understand their contents. "Human Reliability, Error, and Human Factors in Power Generation" will prove useful to many individuals, including engineering professionals working in the power generation industry, researchers, instructors, and undergraduate and graduate students in the field of power engineering.

Modern computer-based control systems are able to collect a large amount of information, display it to operators and store it in databases but the interpretation of the data and the subsequent decision making relies mainly on operators with little computer support. This book introduces developments in automatic analysis and interpretation of process-operational data both in real-time and over the operational history, and describes new concepts and methodologies for developing intelligent, state space-based systems for process monitoring, control and diagnosis. The book brings together new methods and algorithms from process monitoring and control, data mining and knowledge discovery, artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, and causal relationship discovery, as well as signal processing. It also provides a framework for integrating plant operators and supervisors into the design of process monitoring and control systems.

This book focusses on Industry 4.0 which is one of the most challenging trends for all categories of manufacturing enterprises. In this book, variety of mechatronic solutions are discussed to develop a manufacturing control system for small and medium-sized enterprises as they impose to improve their capabilities by integration into Industry 4.0 standards.

This book presents an analysis of the dynamics and the complexity of new product development projects which are organized according to the concept of concurrent engineering. The approach of the authors includes both a theoretical and an empirical treatment of the topic, based on the theory of design structure matrices. Readers will discover diverse perspectives and mathematical models, as well as an extensive discussion of two case studies.

The proceedings contain papers accepted for the 17th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, which was held in Cracow, Poland, September 6-10, 2010. Concurrent Engineering (CE) has a history of over twenty years. At first, primary focus was on bringing downstream information as much upstream as possible, by introducing parallel processing of processes, in order to prevent errors at the later stage which would sometimes cause irrevocable damage and to reduce time to market. During the period of more than twenty years, numerous new concepts, methodologies and tools have been developed. During this period the background for engineering/manufacturing has changed extensively. Now, industry has to work with global markets. The globalization brought forth a new network of experts and companies across many different domains and fields in distributed environments. These collaborations integrated with very high level of profesionalism and specialisation, provided the basis for innovations in design and manufacturing and succeeded in creating new products on a global market.

This book presents the proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym), which is a multi/trans/interdisciplinary event offering an excellent forum for presentations and discussions of the latest scientific and technological developments in various areas of research, with an emphasis on smart design and future technologies. It brings together researchers, students and professionals from the industrial and academic sectors to discuss current technological issues. Among the main topics covered in this book, we can highlight Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Vision, Security Applications, Web Tool, Cloud Environment, Network Functions Virtualization, Software-Defined Networks, IoT, Residential Automation, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Image Processing, Infrared Images, Patters Recognition, Digital Video Processing, Precoding, Embedded Systems, Machine Learning, Remote Sensing, Wireless Sensor Network, Heterogeneous Networks, Unmanned Ground Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial System, Security, Surveillance, Traffic Analysis, Digital Television, 5G, Image Filter, Partial Differential Equation, Smoothing Filters, Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator, Difference Amplifier, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, Cosmic Radiation Effects, Radiation Hardening Techniques, Surface Electromyography, Sickle cell disease methodology, MicroRNAs, Image Processing Venipuncture, Cognitive Ergonomics, Ecosystem services, Environmental, Power Generation, Ecosystem services valuation, Solid Waste and University Extension.

This book focuses on basic fundamental and applied aspects of micro-LED, ranging from chip fabrication to transfer technology, panel integration, and various applications in fields ranging from optics to electronics to and biomedicine. The focus includes the most recent developments, including the uses in large large-area display, VR/AR display, and biomedical applications. The book is intended as a reference for advanced students and researchers with backgrounds in optoelectronics and display technology. Micro-LEDs are thin, light-emitting diodes, which have attracted considerable research interest in the last few years. They exhibit a set of exceptional properties and unique optical, electrical, and mechanical behaviors of fundamental interest, with the capability to support a range of important exciting applications that cannot be easily addressed with other technologies. The content is divided into two parts to make the book approachable to readers of various backgrounds and interests. The first provides a detailed description with fundamental materials and production approaches and assembly/manufacturing strategies designed to target readers who seek an understanding ofof essential materials and production approaches and assembly/manufacturing strategies designed to target readers who want to understand the foundational aspects. The second provides detailed, comprehensive coverage of the wide range of device applications that have been achieved. This second part targets readers who seek a detailed account of the various applications that are enabled by micro-LEDs.

The term risk is known from many fields, and we are used to references to contractual risk, economic risk, operational risk, legal risk, security risk, and so forth. We conduct risk analysis, using either offensive or defensive approaches to identify and assess risk. Offensive approaches are concerned with balancing potential gain against risk of investment loss, while defensive approaches are concerned with protecting assets that already exist. In this book, Lund, Solhaug and Stolen focus on defensive risk analysis, and more explicitly on a particular approach called CORAS. CORAS is a model-driven method for defensive risk analysis featuring a tool-supported modelling language specially designed to model risks. Their book serves as an introduction to risk analysis in general, including the central concepts and notions in risk analysis and their relations. The authors' aim is to support risk analysts in conducting structured and stepwise risk analysis. To this end, the book is divided into three main parts. Part I of the book introduces and demonstrates the central concepts and notation used in CORAS, and is largely example-driven. Part II gives a thorough description of the CORAS method and modelling language. After having completed this part of the book, the reader should know enough to use the method in practice. Finally, Part III addresses issues that require special attention and treatment, but still are often encountered in real-life risk analysis and for which CORAS offers helpful advice and assistance. This part also includes a short presentation of the CORAS tool support. The main target groups of the book are IT practitioners and students at graduate or undergraduate level. They will appreciate a concise introduction into the emerging field of risk analysis, supported by a sound methodology, and completed with numerous examples and detailed guidelines.

"An Industrial Product-Service System is characterized by the integrated and mutually determined planning, development, provision and use of product and service shares including its immanent software components in Business-to-Business applications and represents a knowledge-intensive socio-technical system." - Meier, Roy, Seliger (2010) Since the first conference in 2009, the CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems has become a well-established international forum for the review and discussion of advances, research results and industrial improvements. Researchers from all over the world have met at previous IPS(2) conferences in Cranfield (2009), Linkoeping (2010), Braunschweig (2011) and Tokyo (2012). In 2013, the 5th CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems is held in Bochum. Important topics of IPS(2) research presented at the conference are: planning and development, sustainability, business models, operation, service engineering, knowledge management, ICT, modeling and simulation, marketing and economic aspects as well as the role of the human in IPS(2).

This book gathers the proceedings of the I-ESA'20 Conference, which was organised by the National Engineering School of Tarbes (ENIT), on behalf of the European Virtual Laboratory, for Enterprise Interoperability (INTEROP-VLab) and the Pole Grand Sud-Ouest (PGSO) and was held virtually in Tarbes, France, in November 2020. It presents contributions ranging from academic research and case studies to industrial and administrative experiences with interoperability. These contributions show how, in a globalised market scenario-where the ability to cooperate with other organisations efficiently is essential in order to remain economically, socially and environmentally cost-effective-the most innovative digitised and networked enterprises ensure that their systems and applications can interoperate across heterogeneous collaborative networks of independent organisations. The focus of this edition of the conference is on interoperability in the era of artificial intelligence and so particular attention is paid to Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things. The content also addresses smart services and the business impact of enterprise interoperability on organisations. Many of the papers in this tenth volume of the I-ESA Conference proceedings include examples and illustrations to help deepen readers' understanding and generate new ideas. Offering a detailed guide to the state of the art in systems interoperability, the book will be of great value to all engineers and computer scientists working in manufacturing and other process industries, and to software engineers and electronic and manufacturing engineers working in academic settings.