Studies on integer optimization in emergency management have attracted engineers and scientists from various disciplines such as management, mathematics, computer science, and other fields. Although there are a large number of literature reports on integer planning and emergency events, few books systematically explain the combination of the two. Researchers need a clear and thorough presentation of the theory and application of integer programming methods for emergency management. Integer Optimization and its Computation in Emergency Management investigates the computation theory of integer optimization, developing integer programming methods for emergency management and explores related practical applications. Pursuing a holistic approach, this book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, intended for graduate students who are interested in operations research and optimization, researchers investigating emergency management, and algorithm design engineers working on integer programming or other optimization applications.

Towards 4D Printing presents the current state of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and its recent offspring, 4D bioprinting. These are attractive approaches to tissue engineering because they hold the promise of building bulky tissue constructs with incorporated vasculature. Starting with the discussion of 3D and 4D printing of inanimate objects, the book presents several 3D bioprinting techniques and points out the challenges imposed by living cells on the bioprinting process. It argues that, in order to fine-tune the bioprinter, one needs a quantitative analysis of the conditions experienced by cells during printing. Once the printing is over, the construct evolves according to mechanisms known from developmental biology. These are described in the book along with computer simulations that aim to predict the outcome of 3D bioprinting. In addition, the book provides the latest information on the principles and applications of 4D bioprinting, such as for medical devices and assistive technology. The last chapter discusses the perspectives of the field. This book provides an up-to date description of the theoretical tools developed for the optimization of 3D bioprinting, presents the morphogenetic mechanisms responsible for the post-printing evolution of the bioprinted construct and describing computational methods for simulating this evolution, and discusses the leap from 3D to 4D bioprinting in the light of the latest developments in the field. Most importantly, Towards 4D Printing explains the importance of theoretical modeling for the progress of 3D and 4D bioprinting.

Food Process Engineering Principles and Data provides an overview of topics surrounding safety and quality in processing foods. The book covers a range of physical properties of foods, providing background information on the physical, chemical and engineering properties of foods to ensure food safety and perform engineering calculations. Chapters are self-contained, with comprehensive charts of food properties, making this unique a great reference for scientists who need a single, handy source of information. Written by an authority on the physical properties of foods and food engineering, this book is ideal for food scientists, technologists, manufacturers and processors. In addition, chemical engineers and biotechnologists will also benefit from the content of this comprehensive title.

Emerging Thermal Processes in the Food Industry, a volume in the Unit Operations and Processing Equipment in the Food Industry series, explains the processing operations and equipment necessary for thermal processing, including infrared heating, microwave processing, sonication, UV processing, ohmic heating and dielectric processing. These processes and unit operations are very important in terms of achieving favorable sensory properties and energy usage. Chapters emphasize basic texts relating to experimental, theoretical, computational and/or applications of food engineering principles and relevant processing equipment for emerging thermal unit operations. Written by experts in the field of food engineering in a simple and dynamic way, this book targets industrial engineers working in the field of food processing and within food factories to make them more familiar with food processing operations and equipment.

Functional Materials from Carbon, Inorganic and Organic Sources: Methods and Advances describes the basic principles, mechanisms and theoretical background of functional materials. Sections cover Carbon-based functional materials, Inorganic functional materials for renewable and sustainable energy applications, and Organic and biological based functional materials. Applications such as energy storage and conversion, electronic and photonics devices, and in medicine are also explored. Sections dive into photovoltaic devices, light emitting devices, energy storage materials and quantum dot devices, solar cell fundamentals and devices, perovskite materials and ceramic thin films. Final sections emphasize green approaches to synthesis in semiconductor nanoparticles, quinolone complexes, biomaterials and biopolymers.

Plant Polysaccharides as Pharmaceutical Excipients explores innovative techniques and applications of plant-derived polysaccharides as pharmaceutical excipients. Plant polysaccharides are sustainable, renewable and abundantly available, offering attractive properties in terms of water solubility, swelling ability, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These qualities have resulted in extensive exploration into their applications as excipients in a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms. This book takes a comprehensive, application-oriented approach, drawing on the very latest research that includes sources, classification and extraction methods of plant polysaccharides. Subsequent chapters focus on plant polysaccharides for individual pharmaceutical applications, enabling the reader to understand their preparation for specific targeted uses. Throughout the book, information is supported by illustrations, chemical structures, flow charts and data tables, providing a clear understanding. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are reviewed and discussed.

Power Generation Technologies: Foundations, Design and Advances provides a comprehensive introduction to the latest developments in renewable and non-renewable generation technologies considered at micro and large-scale, and for traditional facility scale and modern distributed power generation systems. Each chapter provides a foundation in the topic enriched with practical solved examples, end chapter exercises and technical references. Provided computer codes can be instrumentalized to investigate practical examples at a granular level. In addition to the fundamental and theoretical discussions, operational and maintenance guidelines for power equipment are provided to prepare students for work in power plants. The work provides new international standards and regulation for power generation as well as content devoted to the thermo-economics of power generation and power plants. It is supported by a solution manual for end-chapter exercises and a slide show presentation of the book for instructors and students.

Metal Oxide-Based Heterostructures: Fabrication and Applications provides information on synthesis strategies, structural and hierarchical features, morphological characteristics of metal oxide-based heterostructures, and their diverse applications. This book begins with an introduction to the various multidimensional heterostructures, synthesis aspects, and techniques used to control the formation of heterostructures. Then, the impact of synthesis routes on the formation of mixed metal oxide heterostructures and their properties are analyzed. The effect of nonmetal doping, metal doping, and composites of metal oxide heterostructures on the properties of heterostructures is also addressed and that also includes opportunities for optimization of the material's performance for specific applications. Special attention is given to the surface characteristics of the metal oxide heterostructures and their impact on the material's performance, and the applications of metal oxide heterostructures in various fields such as environmental remediation, sensing, organic catalysis, photovoltaics, light emitting materials, and hydrogen production.

Perovskite-based ceramics are a significant class of innovative materials with fascinating physical properties, which are now receiving intensive research attention in condensed matter physics and in the area of practical device applications. Perovskite Ceramics provides a state-of-the-art review on the latest advances in perovskite-based ceramic materials, as well as the development of devices from these materials for different applications. Perovskite Ceramics: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses on the basics of perovskite-based ceramic materials and includes chapters on the fundamentals, synthesis and processing, characterization, and properties of these materials. Chapters are also included on bulk and thin materials, phase transitions, polaronic effects and the compensation and screening of ferroelectricity. This section will allow the reader to familiarize themselves with the standard traditional approach, but it will also introduce new concepts that are fast evolving in this field. The second part presents an extensive review of up-to-date research on new and innovative advances in perovskite-based ceramic materials. Chapters cover multiferroic applications, lead-free perovskites, energy storage applications, perovskite-based memories, light manipulation and spectral modifications, and solar cells and fuel cells. All these fields of research are rapidly evolving, so the book acts a platform to showcase latest results on optical strategies and materials for light manipulation, and spectral up- and down-conversion too (mainly rare earth doped oxides and complexes). The book will be an essential reference resource for academic and industrial researchers working in materials research and development particularly in functional and oxide ceramics and perovskites.

Nanotechnology in Human Health: Current Research and Future Trends details the various challenges faced in human healthcare settings and how nanotechnology can be used to target and improve outcomes. The book describes the application of nanoparticles in the diagnosis of human diseases, including metabolic diseases, cancer, bacterial infection, organ degeneration and the various targeted, nano-based treatments available. Several chapters look at how microbial biofilms - a key clinical concern - can be mitigated using nanomaterials and nanotechnology. In addition, the book covers how different nanoparticle types can be utilized as therapeutic agents. This book combines materials science concepts and techniques with clinical insights and understanding to provide an interdisciplinary reference for materials scientists, microbiologists, biomedical engineers and clinicians with an interest in nanotechnology.

Novel Platforms for Drug Delivery Applications covers diverse aspects in the design, synthesis and characterization of novel drug delivery platforms and devices. This book comprehensively details the development, application and performance of various novel molecular frameworks as potent drug delivery vehicles. Chapters cover a range of materials and molecular platforms for drug delivery, from hydrogels, nanocarriers and metal-organic-frameworks, to ?-cyclodextrin and polyphosphazene. Each chapter discusses the benefits and limitations of each drug delivery system, as well as toxicological and safety implications. This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to this fast-moving topic, bridging the disciplines of materials science and pharmacology.

Power System Frequency Control: Modeling and Advances evaluates the control schemata, secondary controllers, stability improvement methods, optimization considerations, microgrids, multi-microgrids, and real-time validation required to model and analyze the dynamic behavior of frequency in power systems. Chapters review a range of advanced modeling and analytical considerations for single to multi-area networks using traditional and hybrid sources, including renewable sources, FACT devices and storage. The work also considers broad aspects of upstream and downstream control mechanisms which enable novel solutions in the area of automatic generation control in power system networks. Highly recommended for power system engineers, researchers and practitioners with interests in load frequency control, automatic generation control, linearized models of isolated microgrid, and multi-microgrid, and hybrid LFC scheme, this book is an ideal resource on the topics discussed.

After more than 30 years, The Book of Fructans represents the first and most comprehensive coverage of fructans generated by pioneer glycoscientists from the field. It outlines the fundamentals of all fructan types, their terminology, chemical and structural-functional features, biosynthetic enzymes that make and break them, their presence and possible roles in nature, their evolutionary aspects and their microbial, enzymatic, and plant-based production. Additional sections cover the applications of fructans, specifically, the agro/chemical and biomedical applications, health, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, fructans in food and feed, fructan nanotechnology, the immunomodulatory and antiviral effects of fructans and the perspectives for fructans in circular economies and sustainable societies. Intended for scientists, entrepreneurs, academicians and students working in related fields, this book will be a useful resource for all who wish to learn more about these extraordinary carbohydrates.

Presents a key overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, engineering and fabrication of carbon quantum dots for sustainable technologies

Biological Fuel Cells: Fundamental to Applications offers a comprehensive update on the latest microbial fuel cells technologies and their systems development and implementation. Taking a practical approach to MFCs, the book provides guidance on analytical methods and tools, economic and performance analyses of various technologies and systems, and engineering aspects. Established and newly developed technologies are presented alongside their applications within the context of cost, practicality and future technologies, which are discussed within the context of other renewable energy systems. This book is a comprehensive reference for users working in the field of fuel cells, microbial fuel cells and bioenergy.