Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology: A Guide for Clinicians is designed for the application of practical concepts in machine learning to clinical radiation oncology. It addresses the existing void in a resource to educate practicing clinicians about how machine learning can be used to improve clinical and patient-centered outcomes. This book is divided into three sections: the first addresses fundamental concepts of machine learning and radiation oncology, detailing techniques applied in genomics; the second section discusses translational opportunities, such as in radiogenomics and autosegmentation; and the final section encompasses current clinical applications in clinical decision making, how to integrate AI into workflow, use cases, and cross-collaborations with industry. The book is a valuable resource for oncologists, radiologists and several members of biomedical field who need to learn more about machine learning as a support for radiation oncology.

In this issue of Neuroimaging Clinics, guest editor Dr. Tchoyoson Lim Choie Cheio brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Central Nervous System Infections. Infections can involve any part of the CNS and often, multiple parts of the CNS are involved at the same time. The imaging surrounding them is constantly evolving, and in this issue, key international experts provide a thorough update of the imaging of these common and pervasive infections. Contains 13 practice-oriented topics including emerging public health, multidisciplinary teams and pitfalls in CNS infection imaging; acute neurological complications of COVID-19; subacute to chronic neuroimaging findings in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection; imaging of opportunistic infections and HIV/AIDS; imaging of head and neck infections; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on central nervous system infections, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

In this issue of PET Clinics, guest editor Dr. Rathan M. Subramaniam brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Head and Neck Cancers. Top experts in the field provide important updates on planning, treatment, and individual head and neck cancers, with articles such as PET/CT: laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers; PET/CT: thyroid cancers; PET/CT: oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers; and more. Contains 10 relevant, practice-oriented topics including PET/CT: post-therapy follow-up in head and neck cancer; PET/CT: therapy response assessment in head and neck cancer; PET/CT: radiation therapy planning in head and neck cancer; PET/CT: nasopharyngeal cancers; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on head and neck cancers, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

In this issue of Neuroimaging Clinics, guest editors Drs. Prashant Raghavan, Robert E. Morales, and Sugoto Mukherjee bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Imaging of the Post-Treatment Head and Neck. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as imaging of the postoperative temporal bone, imaging after sinonasal surgery, imaging after dental and TMJ surgery, advanced CT and MR imaging of the post-treatment head and neck, and more. Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including NI-RADS to predict residual or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; lymph node dissection: principles and postoperative imaging; surgical free flaps and grafts in head and neck reconstruction: principles and postoperative imaging; imaging after facial fracture fixation; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on imaging of the post-treatment head and neck, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Proton beam therapy is an emerging technology with promise of revolutionizing the treatment of cancer. While nearly half of all patients diagnosed with cancer in the US receive radiation therapy, the majority is delivered via electron accelerators, where photons are used to irradiate cancerous tissue. Because of the physical properties of photon beams, photons may deposit energy along their entire path length through the body. On the other hand, a protonbeamdirected ata tumor travels in a straight trajectory towards its target, gives off most of its energy at a defined depth called the Bragg peak, and then stops. While photons often deposit more energy within the healthy tissues of the body than within the cancer itself, protons can deposit most of their cancer-killing energy within the area of the tumor. As a result, in the properly selected patients, proton beam therapy has the ability to improve cure rates by increasing the dose delivered to the tumor and simultaneously reduce side-effects by decreasing the dose to surrounding tissue. The benefits of proton beam therapy in delivering a lethal hit to the target while sparing surrounding normal tissues from radiation are becoming applicable to an increasing number of patients and a growing list of conditions. In this book, the author will guide the reader through existing evidence supporting proton beam therapy for pediatric cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, brain tumors, spinal tumors, and several other conditions. The book will discuss which conditions are suitable for treatment with proton beam therapy, how the treatment is delivered, and the current data supporting its use."

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This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Total Body PET Imaging, and is edited by Drs. Lorenzo Nardo, Ramsey Badawi, Joel S. Karp and Austin Pantel. Articles will include: UC Davis update on the uEXPLORER; Zhongshan update on the uEXPLORER; UPenn update on the PennPET Explorer; Total body imaging instrumentation design considerations; 3D/4D reconstruction and quantitative total body imaging; Analysis of 4D data for total body imaging; Total body imaging and cancer; Total body imaging and metabolic disease; Total body imaging and infection; Total body imaging and musculoskeletal disease; Total body imaging and cardiovascular disease; Total body imaging and cardiac applications; Total body imaging and neuroimaging; and more!

In this issue of Neuroimaging Clinics, guest editors Salmaan Ahmed and J. Matthew Debnam bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Thyroid and Parathyroid Imaging. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on Thyroid and Parathyroid Imaging, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

On request, the IAEA performs comprehensive audits of radiotherapy programmes to assess the whole process, including aspects such as organization, infrastructure and clinical and medical physics components. The objective of a comprehensive clinical audit is to review and evaluate the quality of all components of the practice of radiotherapy at the institution, including its professional competence, with a view to quality improvement. A multidisciplinary team, known as Quality Assurance Team in Radiation Oncology (QUATRO), comprising a radiation oncologist, a medical physicist and a radiation therapist, are required to carry out the audit. The present publication provides revisions of the QUATRO guidelines published in 2007, by incorporating new procedures relevant to newer technologies and modalities that have become routinely used in radiotherapy centres in the interim period.

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Total Body PET Imaging, and is edited by Drs. Lorenzo Nardo, Ramsey Badawi, Joel S. Karp and Austin Pantel. Articles will include: UC Davis update on the uEXPLORER; Zhongshan update on the uEXPLORER; UPenn update on the PennPET Explorer; Total body imaging instrumentation design considerations; 3D/4D reconstruction and quantitative total body imaging; Analysis of 4D data for total body imaging; Total body imaging and cancer; Total body imaging and metabolic disease; Total body imaging and infection; Total body imaging and musculoskeletal disease; Total body imaging and cardiovascular disease; Total body imaging and cardiac applications; Total body imaging and neuroimaging; and more!

Advances in Clinical Radiology was established to review the year's most important questions in clinical radiology. A distinguished editorial board, headed by Dr. Frank Miller, identifies key areas of major progress and controversy, and invites preeminent specialists to contribute original articles devoted to these topics. These insightful overviews in radiology bring concepts to a clinical level and explore their everday impact on patient care.

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Recent Advances in Imaging with PET, CT, and MR Techniques and is edited by Drs. Habib Zaidi, Abass Alavi and Drew A. Torigian. Articles will include: Total-body PET imaging: Developments in instrumentation; Prospects for total-body PET imaging using plastic scintillators; Total-body imaging: Potential clinical applications; New challenges for PET image reconstruction for total-body imaging; Advances in preclinical PET instrumentation; Applications of hybrid PET/MRI in CNS disorders; Applications of hybrid PET-MRI in MSK disorders; Assessment of total body atherosclerosis burden by PET-CT; Recent advances on CT and MR imaging in radiology; Potential impact of Total Body PET imaging in measuring global disease burden in systemic inflammatory disorders; Applications of PET-MRI in CV disorders; and more!

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on State of the Art Evaluation of the Head and Neck and is edited by Dr. Ashok Srinivasan. Articles will include: Diffusion MR in the head and neck: Principles and applications; Perfusion imaging in the head and neck: Go with the flow; MR spectroscopy of the head and neck: Principles, applications and challenges; Technological improvements in head and neck MR: At the cutting edge; Dual Energy CT in head and neck imaging: Pushing the envelope; Role of Ultrasound in head and neck evaluation; PET imaging in the head and neck: Current state and future directions; Patient centric head and neck cancer radiation therapy: Role of advanced imaging; AI in head and neck imaging: Glimpse into the future; NIRADS: Principles and implementation; Common data elements in head and neck reporting; and more!

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Evolving Role of PET in Assessing the Efficacy of Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Malignant Disorders, and is edited by Drs. Charles B. Simone II, Nicolas Aide, and Abass Alavi (the Consulting Editor of PET Clinics). Articles will include: The Value of PET Imaging to Guide Target Delineation for Radiation Oncology; PET Imaging to Determine Radiation Dose, Adapt Radiation Plans, and Predict Patterns of Failure and Overall Survival for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; The Utility of PET/CT for Radiation Oncology Planning, Surveillance, and Prognosis Prediction for Gastrointestinal Tumors; Evolving Role of PET Based Novel Quantitative Techniques to Detect Radiation-induced Complications; Current and Future PET Based Quantitative techniques to Assess Response to Radiation Therapy; Diagnosis, Staging, Radiation Treatment Response Assessment, and Prognostication; FDG PET/CT for Assessing Tumour Response to Immunotherapy and Detecting Immune-related Side Effects: A Checklist for the PET Reader; PET Imaging with Therapeutic Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Tracers; FDG PET/CT for Assessing Tumour Response to Immunotherapy in Lymphomas; FDG PET/CT for Assessing Tumour Response to Immunotherapy in Solid Tumours: Melanoma and Beyond; and more!

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Imaging the Hospitalized Patient, and is edited by Drs. Travis S. Henry and Vincent M. Mellnick. Articles will include: Imaging of bowel wall thickening in the hospitalized patient; Imaging of acute hepatobiliary dysfunction; Imaging of GI tract perforation; Imaging of abdominal postoperative complications; Imaging of acute renal failure in the hospital setting; Imaging of diffuse lung disease in the ICU patient; Perioperative complications of cardiothoracic surgery; Approach to abnormal chest CT contrast enhancement in the hospitalized patient; Imaging of the misplaced venous catheter; Altered mental status in the hospitalized patient; Neuroimaging in the ICU patient: Pearls and pitfalls; Imaging of cardiovascular support; and more!

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Brain Embryology and the Cause of Congenital Malformations and is edited by Drs. Thierry A.G.M. Huisman and Avner Meoded. Articles will include: Neuroimaging of normal brain development; Ultrasound and MRI of the normal fetal brain; Spinal dysraphia, Chiari 2 malformation, unified theory and advances in fetoscopic repair; Posterior fossa malformations; Synopsis of brain embryology; Cerebral dysplasia and overgrowth syndromes; Disorders of ventral induction/spectrum of holoprosencephaly; Classification and neurogenetics of intracranial vascular anomalies; DTI of brain malformations: Exploring the internal architecture; Connectomics in brain malformations: How is the malformed brain wired?; Commissural anomalies; and more!

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on PET in the Management of Hematologic Malignancies and is edited by Drs. Abass Alavi (the Consulting Editor of PET Clinics), Gary Ulaner, Jakub Svoboda, and Lale Kostakoglu. Articles will include: PET-CR as a surrogate to replace PFS in assessment of efficacy of DLBCL treatments; PET-Derived Quantitative Metrics for Response and Prognosis; Evolving Role of PET Based Novel Quantitative Techniques in the Management of Hematological Malignancies; Critical Role of FDG/NaF imaging in Assessment of Skeletal Involvement in Patients with Multiple Myeloma; Response adapted treatment strategies in Hodgkin lymphoma using PET scans; FDG PET/CT as a staging tool in multiple myeloma; FDG PET/CT as a predictor of prognosis in multiple myeloma; PET/CT as a response evaluation tool in multiple myeloma; PET imaging in CLL and Richter's transformation; Current Overview and Future Directions of PET for Hematologic Malignancies; and more!

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Imaging of the Upper Limb and is edited by Drs. Giuseppe Guglielmi and Alberto Bazzocchi. Articles will include: Functional and surgical anatomy of the upper limb: what the radiologist needs to know; Overuse injuries of the shoulder; The acutely injured shoulder; Overuse injuries of the elbow; The acutely injured elbow; Overuse injuries of the wrist; The acutely injured wrist; Imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the upper limb; Imaging of upper limb tumours and tumour-like pathology; Imaging the post-surgical upper limb, the radiologist perspective; MR imaging of the upper limb: pitfalls, tricks & tips; Ultrasound imaging dynamic evaluation of the upper limb; Upper limb intervention; Imaging of peripheral nerves; and more!

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Emergent Neuroimaging: A Patient Focused Approach, and is edited by Dr. Diego B. Nunez. Articles will include: The adult patient with acute neurologic deficit: an update on imaging trends; The patient with thunderclap headache; Imaging considerations in the patient with intracerebral hemorrhage; Emergent neuroimaging in the oncologic and immunosuppressed patient; Emergent neuroimaging during pregnancy and puerperium; Imaging the unconscious "found down" patient in the ED; Neurological emergencies in the pediatric patient including accidental and non-accidental trauma; Head and neck injuries: special considerations in the elderly patient; Current challenges in the use of CT and MRI in suspected cervical spine trauma; Radiation considerations in emergent neuroimaging; Blunt cranio-cervical trauma: Does the patient have a cerebral vascular injury?; New and emerging patient-centered CT imaging and image-guided treatment paradigms for maxillofacial trauma; Acute neurological syndromes beyond stroke: The role of emergent MRI; and more!

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Gynecologic Oncology, and is edited by Drs. Drew Torigian and Domenico Rubello. Articles will include: The role of CT and MRI in gynecologic oncology; The utility of ultrasonography in gynecologic oncology; FDG-PET assessment of cervical cancer; FDG-PET assessment of ovarian cancer; FDG-PET assessment of other gynecologic cancers; The role of PET imaging in gynecologic radiation oncology; The utility of non-FDG PET in gynecologic oncology; Normal variants and pitfalls encountered in PET assessment of gynecologic malignancies; The role and future of quantitative imaging assessment in gynecologic oncology; Emerging molecular imaging techniques in gynecologic oncology; and more!

This book describes the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression that determine therapeutic interventions in the era of genomics, when the rapid evolution in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment necessitates critical review of new results to integrate advances into practice. The text opens with background and emerging information regarding the molecular biology of lung cancer pathogenesis. Updated results regarding lung cancer prevention and screening are discussed, followed by chapters on diagnostic techniques and pathological evaluation. This leads on to a detailed presentation of treatment modalities, from surgery and radiation therapy to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. The coverage includes resistance to therapy and the emergence of immunotherapy for lung cancer; in addition, the current evidence in respect of small cell lung cancer is summarized. The book presents insights from experts across disciplines to emphasize the importance of collaborative care. Advances in our understanding of issues in geriatric oncology and palliative care complete the comprehensive discussion of lung cancer.

Successful clinical use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) represents a significant advance in radiation oncology. Because IMRT can deliver high-dose radiation to a target with a reduced dose to the surrounding organs, it can improve the local control rate and reduce toxicities associated with radiation therapy. Since IMRT began being used in the mid-1990s, a large volume of clinical evidence of the advantages of IMRT has been collected. However, treatment planning and quality assurance (QA) of IMRT are complicated and difficult for the clinician and the medical physicist. This book, by authors renowned for their expertise in their fields, provides cumulative clinical evidence and appropriate techniques for IMRT for the clinician and the physicist. Part I deals with the foundations and techniques, history, principles, QA, treatment planning, radiobiology and related aspects of IMRT. Part II covers clinical applications with several case studies, describing contouring and dose distribution with clinical results along with descriptions of indications and a review of clinical evidence for each tumor site. The information presented in this book serves as a valuable resource for the practicing clinician and physicist.

Prostate brachytherapy has been the subject of heated debate among surgeons and the proponents of the various brachytherapy methods. This very first interdisciplinary book on the subject provides a comprehensive overview of innovations in low dose rate (LDR), high dose rate (HDR), and pulsed dose rate (PDR) interstitial brachytherapy for the management of local or locally advanced prostate cancer. In addition to detailed chapters on patient selection and the use of imaging in diagnostics, treatment guidance, and implantation control, background chapters are included on related medical physics issues such as treatment planning and quality assurance. The results obtained with the different treatment options and the difficult task of salvage treatment are fully discussed. All chapters have been written by internationally recognized experts who for more than a decade have formed the teaching staff responsible for the successful GEC-ESTRO/EAU Prostate Brachytherapy Teaching Course.

This issue of the Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America is devoted to Practical Radiation Oncology and is Guest Edited by Dr. Christopher Willett. Articles in this issue include: Radiotherapy After Mastectomy; Contemporary Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer; Image Guided Brachytherapy: An Update for Gynecologic Surgeons; Radiation Therapy in the Current Management of Anal and Rectal Cancer; Novel Approaches to Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Metastases Using Thermal Ablation and Thermosensitive Liposomes; Contemporary Integration of Radiation Oncology with Surgery as Combined Modality Treatment; Chemoradiation Therapy: Localized Esophageal, Gastric, and Pancreatic Cancer; Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Pulmonary Malignancies; Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery for Tumors of the Central Nervous System; Practical Radiation Oncology for Extremity Sarcomas; Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer; and Present and Future Innovations in Radiation Oncology.

Dating Neurological Injury: A Forensic Guide for Radiologists, Other Expert Medical Witnesses, and Attorneys presents a unique way to approach the dating of neurological injury as imaged by modern computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US). Chapters are presented in a logical progression beginning with the general appearance of normal brain and progressing to the way abnormalities manifest themselves. The emphasis in these discussions is on the appearance of edema and of hemorrhage, as these two findings are the brain's most common response to injury. This volume presents in a systematic fashion the principles involved in the interpretation of images of the central nervous system specifically in a medical-legal setting where concern exists about the occurrence and timing of an injury. Dating Neurological Injury: A Forensic Guide for Radiologists, Other Expert Medical Witnesses, and Attorneys is a welcome addition to institutional, medical, and legal libraries, and to the personal libraries of malpractice defense and plaintiff lawyers and physicians in the neurosciences (neurosurgery, neurology, neuropathology, and neuroradiology) involved in medical-legal issues.