Spine-related pain is the world's leading disabling condition, affecting every population and a frequent reason for seeking medical consultation and obtaining imaging studies. Numerous spinal phenotypes (observations/traits) and their respective measurements performed on various spine imaging have been shown to directly correlate and predict clinical outcomes. Atlas of Spinal Imaging: Phenotypes, Measurements and Classification Systems is a comprehensive visual resource that highlights various spinal phenotypes on imaging, describes their clinical and pathophysiological relevance, and discusses and illustrates their respective measurement techniques and classifications. Complies the knowledge and expertise of Dr. Dino Samartzis, the preeminent global authority on spinal phenotypes who has discovered and proposed new phenotypes and classification schemes; Dr. Howard S. An, a leading expert in patient management and at the forefront of 3D imaging of various spinal phenotypes; and Dr. Philip Louie, a young surgeon who is involved in one of the largest machine learning initiatives of spinal phenotyping. *Includes a Foreword by renowed spine surgeons Alexander Vaccaro and Max Aebi* Helps readers better understanding spinal phenotypes and their imaging, and how today's knowledge will facilitate new targeted drug discovery, novel diagnostics and biomarker discovery, and outcome predictions. Features step-by-step instructions on performing the radiographic measurements with examples of normal and pathologic images to demonstrate the various presentations. Presents clinical correlation of the phenotypes as well as the radiographic measurements with landmark references. Includes validated classification systems that complement the phenotypes and radiographic measurements. Complies the knowledge and expertise of Dr. Dino Samartzis, the preeminent global authority on spinal phenotypes who has discovered and proposed new phenotypes and classification schemes; Dr. Howard S. An, a leading expert in patient management and at the forefront of 3D imaging of various spinal phenotypes; and Dr. Philip Louie, a prolific surgeon who is involved in one of the largest machine learning initiatives of spinal phenotyping.

Radiation Protection in Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology focuses on the professional, operational, and regulatory aspects of radiation protection. Advances in radiation medicine have resulted in new modalities and procedures, some of which have significant potential to cause serious harm. Examples include radiologic procedures that require very long fluoroscopy times, radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, and intravascular brachytherapy. This book summarizes evidence supporting changes in consensus recommendations, regulations, and health physics practices associated with these recent advances in radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiation oncology. It supports intelligent and practical methods for protection of personnel, the public, and patients. The book is based on current recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and is complemented by detailed practical sections and professional discussions by the world's leading medical and health physics professionals. It also includes substantial information on international aspects of radiation protection, with sections covering Africa, Asia and Oceania, the European Union, the Middle East, and North and Latin America.

This guide - a companion to the Radiation Oncology Self-Assessment Guide - is a comprehensive physics review for anyone in the field of radiation oncology looking to enhance their knowledge of medical physics. It covers in depth the principles of radiation physics as applied to radiation therapy along with their technical and clinical applications. To foster retention of key concepts and data, the resource utilizes a user-friendly "flash card" question and answer format with over 800 questions. The questions are supported by detailed answers and rationales along with reference citations for source information. It is comprised of 14 chapters that lead the reader through the radiation oncology physics field, from basic physics to current practice and latest innovations. Aspects of basic physics covered include fundamentals, photon and particle interactions, and dose measurement. A section on current practice covers treatment planning, safety, regulations, quality assurance, and SBRT, SRS, TBI, IMRT, and IGRT techniques. A chapter unique to this volume is dedicated to those topics in diagnostic imaging most relevant to radiology, including MRI, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, mammography, PET, SPECT, and CT. New technologies such as VMAT, novel IGRT devices, proton therapy, and MRI-guided therapy are also incorporated. Focused and authoritative, this must-have review combines the expertise of clinical radiation oncology and radiation physics faculty from the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute. Key Features: A one-stop guide for those studying the physics of radiation oncology including those wishing to reinforce their current knowledge of medical physics. Includes more than 800 questions with detailed answers and rationales. Delivered in a "flash card" format to facilitate recall of key concepts and data. Presents a unique chapter on diagnostic imaging topics most relevant to radiation oncology. Content provided by a vast array of contributors, including physicists, radiation oncology residents, dosimetrists, and physicians.

This easy-to-understand pocketbook in the highly respected Clark's stable of diagnostic imaging texts is an invaluable tool for students, sonographers and other ultrasound practitioners, providing practical guidance on clinical ultrasound procedures, summarising current relevant literature and professional body guidelines. The content is arranged by anatomical system and organ for ease of reference, with each section comprising a short introduction, the indications for the procedure, patient preparation, the imaging procedure itself, along with an image analysis, supported throughout by positioning photographs and clinical images. Clark's Essential Guide to Clinical Ultrasound is ideal for all users of clinical ultrasound at both undergraduate and postgraduate level and will also provide a convenient distillation of the latest best practice and guidelines for sonographers, midwives, vascular technologists, ECG technologists, medical doctors, sports injury specialists, paramedics, and other health professionals.

This book describes radionanomedicine as an integrated medicine using exogenous and endogenous This book describes radionanomedicine as an integrated approach that uses exogenous and endogenous nanomaterials for in vivo and human applications. It comprehensively explains radionanomedicine comprising nuclear and nanomedicine, demonstrating that it is more than radionanodrugs and that radionanomedicine also takes advantage of nuclear medicine using trace technology, in which miniscule amounts of materials and tracer kinetic elucidate in vivo biodistribution. It also discusses exogenous nanomaterials such as inorganic silica, iron oxide, upconversion nanoparticles and quantum dots or organic liposomes labelled with radioisotopes, and radionanomaterials used for targeted delivery and imaging for theranostic purposes. Further, it examines endogenous nanomaterials i.e. extracellular vesicles labelled with radioisotopes, known as radiolabelled extracellular vesicles, as well as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which elucidate the biodistribution and potential for therapeutic success.

This study guide will be a reliable support and easy-to-use source of information for students in the fields of dosimetry, physics, radiation oncology, and therapy as they progress through the educational levels in preparation for board examinations. The theoretical and practical knowledge gained by students on previous courses or in clinical settings is reinforced by means of almost 1200 questions and accompanying detailed analytical answers. In order to cater for the needs of all students, the questions are arranged according to three levels of difficulty. The level 1 questions are mainly intended for those hoping to pass the Medical Dosimetrist Certification Board (MDCB) exam but will also be beneficial for Medical Physics candidates taking written exams and for Radiation Oncology residents. The level II questions are in general clinically related and will be relevant for any student, while the level III questions are advanced and are especially suitable for American Board of Radiology candidates or those taking equivalent exams elsewhere in the world. The study guide is broken down into different subject areas, with provision of multiple questions and answers on each subject. In addition, the mathematical and physics questions include brief explanations of how the student can solve each problem. At the end of the guide, three practice tests are included with the same number of questions as are found in the MDCB exam. These tests will help students to test their knowledge and improve their test-taking speed.

Understand Quantitative Radiobiology from a Radiation Biophysics Perspective In the field of radiobiology, the linear-quadratic (LQ) equation has become the standard for defining radiation-induced cell killing. Radiotherapy Treatment Planning: Linear-Quadratic Radiobiology describes tumor cell inactivation from a radiation physics perspective and offers appropriate LQ parameters for modeling tumor and normal tissue responses. Explore the Latest Cell Killing Numbers for Defining Iso-Effective Cancer Treatments The book compiles radiation mechanism information from biophysical publications of the past 50 years, addressing how ionizing radiation produces the killing of stem cells in human tumors. It presents several physical and chemical parameters that can modulate the radiation response of clonogenic cells in tumors. The authors describe the use of the LQ model in basic radiation mechanism studies with cells of relatively homogeneous radiation response and then extend the model to the fitting of survival data generated with heterogeneous cell populations (tumors). They briefly discuss how to use the LQ model for predicting tumor (local) control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). The book also examines potential molecular targets related to alpha- and beta-inactivation and gives suggestions for further molecular characterizations of these two independent processes. Develop Efficacious, Patient-Friendly Treatments at Reduced Costs Focusing on quantitative radiobiology in LQ formulation, this book assists medical physicists and radiation oncologists in identifying improved cancer treatments. It also encourages investigators to translate potentially improved radiotherapy schedules based on TCP and NTCP modeling into actual patient benefit.

Radiofrequency Ablation of Cancer: Current Techniques, Indications and Outcomes discusses the principles and techniques of safe usage of radiofrequency current for the treatment of malignancies. Throughout the text, indications and outcomes data are stressed. Edited and authored by pioneers in the field, the book features extensive discussion of RFA for hepatic tumors, including treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer, combined modality therapy for liver metastases, treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with RFA, laparoscopic RFA, percutaneous RFA, and hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, chapters consider the emerging role of RFA in the management of primary breast cancer, primary bone tumors as well as metastatic bone tumors, renal tumors, and lung tumors. The principles and instrumentation as well as the imaging aspects of RFA are presented with comprehensive chapters on ultrasound, MRI, PET and CT by leaders in the field. Complemented by 90 illustrations, this text is the gold standard reference on the use of RFA in treating a wide variety of malignant processes. It will serve as a valuable reference for all physicians engaged in the care of cancer patients.

Radiation therapy has developed and advanced dramatically in the last few decades. However, very little has been published or done in the area of biologically optimized treatment planning. Development of Biologically Optimized Radiation Therapy aims to fill and close an important gap in the literature with a well-focused and in-depth content. The book covers the biological, physical and clinical background of advanced biologically based radiation therapy optimization with focus on modern radiation therapy modalities such as electron, photon and light ion therapy. Highly recommended for its strong interdisciplinary profile, the book contains a meritorious compilation of previously unpublished materials in many areas of modern science. Undergraduates, researchers and practitioners such as oncologists, medical physicists and radiation biologists alike should find the book immensely informative and comprehensively thorough.

Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy is an up-to-date guide to using proton and carbon ion therapy in modern cancer treatment. The book covers the physics and radiobiology basics of proton and ion beams, dosimetry methods and radiation measurements, and treatment delivery systems. It gives practical guidance on patient setup, target localization, and treatment planning for clinical proton and carbon ion therapy. The text also offers detailed reports on the treatment of pediatric cancers, lymphomas, and various other cancers. After an overview, the book focuses on the fundamental aspects of proton and carbon ion therapy equipment, including accelerators, gantries, and delivery systems. It then discusses dosimetry, biology, imaging, and treatment planning basics and provides clinical guidelines on the use of proton and carbon ion therapy for the treatment of specific cancers. Suitable for anyone involved with medical physics and radiation therapy, this book offers a balanced and critical assessment of state-of-the-art technologies, major challenges, and the future outlook of proton and carbon ion therapy. It presents a thorough introduction for those new to the field while providing a helpful, up-to-date reference for readers already using the therapy in clinical settings.

External-beam radiotherapy has long been challenged by the simple fact that patients can (and do) move during the delivery of radiation. Recent advances in imaging and beam delivery technologies have made the solution adapting delivery to natural movement a practical reality. Adaptive Motion Compensation in Radiotherapy provides the first detailed treatment of online interventional techniques for motion compensation radiotherapy.

This authoritative book discusses:

• Each of the contributing elements of a motion-adaptive system, including target detection and tracking, beam adaptation, and patient realignment
• Treatment planning issues that arise when the patient and internal target are mobile
• Integrated motion-adaptive systems in clinical use or at advanced stages of development
• System control functions essential to any therapy device operating in a near-autonomous manner with limited human interaction
• Necessary motion-detection methodology, repositioning techniques, and approaches to interpreting and responding to target movement data in real time

Medical therapy with external beams of radiation began as a two-dimensional technology in a three-dimensional world. However, in all but a limited number of scenarios, movement introduces the fourth dimension of time to the treatment problem. Motion-adaptive radiation therapy represents a truly four-dimensional solution to an inherently four-dimensional problem. From these chapters, readers will gain not only an understanding of the technical aspects and capabilities of motion adaptation but also practical clinical insights into planning and carrying out various types of motion-adaptive radiotherapy treatment.

Each year, almost twenty million people worldwide receive the grim diagnosis of cancer, yet few are prepared for the difficult emotional journey ahead. Shortly after Dr. Charles Hayter graduated as a cancer specialist, his father was diagnosed with terminal cancer. As with many doctors, he found that his medical training did not prepare him for the anguish and turmoil he witnessed in himself, his patients, and their loved ones - anguish often worsened by the stigma and shame surrounding cancer and radiation. In Cancer Confidential, Dr. Hayter shares behind-the-scenes stories of people dealing with cancer and death - often through avoidance, denial, and conflict, but also as shining examples of quiet courage, resilience, and humour. The backdrop for the stories is the specialty of radiation oncology. One in three cancer patients will receive radiation therapy, yet it remains a mysterious and often maligned area of medicine. Told in a vivid, dramatic style, Cancer Confidential sheds light on this poorly understood field and reveals intimate stories of individuals and their families in difficult circumstances. It will lend insight, compassion, and support to anyone facing the diagnosis of cancer.

The second edition of this easy-to-understand pocket guide remains an invaluable tool for students, assistant practitioners and radiographers. Providing an accessible introduction to the subject in a reader-friendly format, it includes diagrams and photographs to support the text. Each chapter provides clear learning objectives and a series of MCQs to test reader assimilation of the material. The book opens with overviews of image production, basic mathematics and imaging physics, followed by detailed chapters on the physics relevant to producing diagnostic images using X-rays and digital technologies. The content has been updated throughout and includes a new chapter on CT imaging and additional material on radioactivity, dosimetry, and imaging display and manipulation. Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers supports students in demonstrating an understanding of the fundamental definitions of physics applied to radiography ... all you need to know to pass your exams!

This book provides a state-of-the-art review of the role of radiation therapy in various pelvic malignancies as well as the consequences of the radiation in the pelvic tissues. With sections covering the role of radiation therapy in the various pelvic malignancies, the pathophysiology of radiation related injury and the risk factors that increase the possibility of such an injury, and the latest in medical, endoscopic and surgical therapies for these radiation related complications the text offers a concise yet comprehensive overview of radiation therapy in the human pelvis, its role and the adverse effects on the pelvic organs. Written by experts in the field with readers in mind, Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancy and its Consequences is the first of its kind standalone reference on the subject. Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancy and its Consequences is of great value to urologists, medical radiation and gynecological oncologists, and gastroenterologists.

Perfect for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and residents in both fields, Practical Radiation Oncology Physics provides a concise and practical summary of the current practice standards in therapeutic medical physics. A companion to the fourth edition of Clinical Radiation Oncology, by Drs. Leonard Gunderson and Joel Tepper, this indispensable guide helps you ensure a current, state-of-the art clinical practice. Covers key topics such as relative and in-vivo dosimetry, imaging and clinical imaging, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and brachytherapy. Describes technical aspects and patient-related aspects of current clinical practice. Offers key practice guideline recommendations from professional societies throughout - including AAPM, ASTRO, ABS, ACR, IAEA, and others. Includes therapeutic applications of x-rays, gamma rays, electron and charged particle beams, neutrons, and radiation from sealed radionuclide sources, plus the equipment associated with their production, use, measurement, and evaluation. Features a "For the Physician" box in each chapter, which summarizes the key points with the most impact on the quality and safety of patient care. Provides a user-friendly appendix with annotated compilations of all relevant recommendation documents. Includes an enhanced Expert Consult eBook with open-ended questions, ideal for self-assessment and highlighting key points from each chapter. Download and search all of the text, figures, and references on any mobile device.

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Surgery continues to be the most effective treatment of solid tumors in terms of recovery, while its combination with other treatments improves the survival curves especially in the advanced forms of the disease. The aim of my task first of all has been to provide readers with both the current and constantly evolving pathophysiologic knowledge required for building the foundation of a specific education enabling surgeons to meet the fundamental targets in surgical oncology. Secondly, this volume aims to present an update on the real possibilities offered by the cooperation between surgeon and pathologist and by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy in the treatment of tumors in the light of the most recent scientific achievements. Lastly, the report presents the experiences and cases drawn mostly from our School regarding some of the major issues in oncologic surgery. This overview does not pretend to elucidate or to summarize all aspects of oncologic surgery, but rather to be the result of a general consideration on cancer surgery, on its rational bases, on its interaction with other treatment modalities, on its desirable and expected developments and on its probable future evolution.

Good and effective treatment in radiotherapy requires careful consideration of the complex variables involved as well as critical assessment of the techniques. This new edition of an established classic takes into account advances in imaging and treatment delivery and reflects the current state of the art in the practice of radiotherapy, emphasizing the underlying principles of treatment that can be applied for conventional, conformal, and novel treatments.

Sonography has emerged as a substantial diagnostic tool today. This handbook aims to cover ultrasound physics, abdominal and obstetric sonography, color Doppler, high resolution sonography and USG guided interventions with multiple choice questions and case reports for practical orientation.

Common factors that lead to treatment failure in head and neck cancer are the lack of tumour oxygenation, the accelerated division of cancer cells during treatment, and radioresistance. These tumour-related challenges and possible ways to overcome them are covered in this book, authored by three medical physicists and a clinical oncologist who explain how different radiobiological findings have led to the development of various treatment techniques for head and neck cancer. Novel treatment techniques as supported by current scientific evidence are comprehensively explored, as well as the major challenges that arise in the retreatment of patients who have already undergone a form of radiotherapy for primary head and neck cancer. Features: Uses an interdisciplinary approach, encompassing clinical aspects of radiotherapy, radiation biology, and medical physics Applies content by relating all radiobiological characteristics to their respective clinical implications Explains the radiobiological rationale for all previous and current clinical trials for head and neck cancer

Focusing on the high-yield information needed by trainee radiologists and those preparing for exams, Musculoskeletal Imaging: The Core Requisites, 5th Edition, solves the "information overload" problem with highly relevant, easy-to-digest content needed for today's examinations and clinical practice. This fully revised resource emphasizes the essential knowledge you need during rotations and throughout the core and certifying exam process. A new, easy-to-read hybrid format of traditional text and bullet points helps you quickly learn and retain essential facts and information. Emphasizes the essentials in a templated, quick-reference format that includes numerous outlines, tables, pearls, boxed material, and bulleted content for easy reading, reference, and recall. Prioritizes and explains the key information that you will be tested on to help you efficiently and effectively prepare for board exams. Helps you build and solidify core knowledge to prepare you for clinical practice with critical, up-to-date information on sports injuries and other trauma, joint diseases, musculoskeletal tumors and infection, bone marrow imaging, pediatric conditions, and basic image-guided musculoskeletal procedures. Includes sample report templates and numerous tips on effective communication of imaging findings. Features more than 1,200 high-quality images spanning the diagnosis of conditions and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. All imaging modalities are covered, including MRI, ultrasound, CT, radiography, and nuclear medicine. Published as part of the newly reimagined Core Requisites series, an update to the popular Requisites series aimed at radiology trainees and today's busy clinicians. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

In this issue of PET Clinics, guest editors Arman Rahmim, Babak Saboury, and Eliot Siegel bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Artificial Intelligence and PET Imaging. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on the latest updates in AI and PET Imaging, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Clinical conformal radiotherapy is the holy grail of radiation treatment and is now becoming a reality through the combined efforts of physical scientists and engineers, who have improved the physical basis of radiotherapy, and the interest and concern of imaginative radiotherapists and radiographers. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy describes in detail the physics germane to the development of a particular form of clinical conformal radiotherapy called intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). IMRT has become a topic of tremendous importance in recent years and is now being seriously investigated for its potential to improve the outcome of radiation therapy. The book collates the state-of-the-art literature together with the author's personal research experience and that of colleagues in the field to produce a text suitable for new research workers, Ph.D. students, and practicing radiation physicists that require a thorough introduction to IMRT. Fully illustrated, indexed, and referenced, the book has been prepared in a form suitable for supporting a teaching course.

This book, written by leading international experts, describes alternate fractionation strategies in which technology-driven precise targeting and dosing allow for improved conformance and decreased volumes, with concordant lessening of toxicity, reduction in treatment time, and lower overall health care expense. The aim is to provide the advanced clinician with an up-to-date evidence-based reference that will assist in the delivery of enhanced patient care in daily practice. Traditional multi-week fractionation schedules were established at a time when the inclusion of relatively large amounts of normal tissue was unavoidable owing to the lack of accurate target localization during treatment. Such schedules are time and resource consuming, difficult for patients, and expensive. Nevertheless, acceptance of alternate fractionation strategies has been slow in some countries. The paradigm is, however, changing as evidence accumulates to demonstrate improved local control, equivalence of tolerance, or both. In documenting these alternate strategies, this book will be of value for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and oncologists worldwide.

Use the GPU Successfully in Your Radiotherapy Practice With its high processing power, cost-effectiveness, and easy deployment, access, and maintenance, the graphics processing unit (GPU) has increasingly been used to tackle problems in the medical physics field, ranging from computed tomography reconstruction to Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation. Graphics Processing Unit-Based High Performance Computing in Radiation Therapy collects state-of-the-art research on GPU computing and its applications to medical physics problems in radiation therapy. Tackle Problems in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy The book first offers an introduction to the GPU technology and its current applications in radiotherapy. Most of the remaining chapters discuss a specific application of a GPU in a key radiotherapy problem. These chapters summarize advances and present technical details and insightful discussions on the use of GPU in addressing the problems. The book also examines two real systems developed with GPU as a core component to accomplish important clinical tasks in modern radiotherapy. Translate Research Developments to Clinical Practice Written by a team of international experts in radiation oncology, biomedical imaging, computing, and physics, this book gets clinical and research physicists, graduate students, and other scientists up to date on the latest in GPU computing for radiotherapy. It encourages you to bring this novel technology to routine clinical radiotherapy practice.