The purpose of this book is to provide an update on some of the latest research and applications in the broad field of ionic liquids. This volume spans research and development activities ranging from fundamental and experimental investigations to commercial applications. A brief history of the field is included, as well as both new developments and reviews organized in the general topical areas of applications, materials, biomass processing, and fundamental studies. This book attempts to propel the field forward by bringing together contributions from some of the foremost researchers on ionic liquids. Recent products and new large-scale processes using ionic liquids, both in operation and being announced, indicate that an exciting new chapter in this field is about to begin. The authors summarize some of the history, applications, conferences, books, databases, issues related to data quality and toxicity for researchers working in the field of ionic liquids and includes an overview for each proceeding chapter with an introduction about the authors.

This work is a unique introductory A-Z resource detailing the scientific achievements of the contemporary world and analyzing the key scientific trends, discoveries, and personalities of the modern age. Space exploration. Cloning. The Internet. In the past, such modern scientific marvels would have been dismissed as the wildest excesses of science fiction. Yet the age in which humans discovered DNA-the blueprint of all life on earth-has also seen the development of terrifying weapons capable of destroying all such life, as well as a heightened public consciousness about science and technology. An authoritative reference survey of the modern age of scientific discovery, Science in the Contemporary World is a scholarly yet accessible chronicle of scientific achievement from the discovery of penicillin to the latest developments in space exploration and cloning. Over 200 A-Z entries cover the full spectrum of contemporary science, with emphasis on its diverse nature.

Developed for the new International A Level specification, these new resources are specifically designed for international students, with a strong focus on progression, recognition and transferable skills, allowing learning in a local context to a global standard. Recognised by universities worldwide and fully comparable to UK reformed GCE A levels. Supports a modular approach, in line with the specification. Appropriate international content puts learning in a real-world context, to a global standard, making it engaging and relevant for all learners. Reviewed by a language specialist to ensure materials are written in a clear and accessible style. The embedded transferable skills, needed for progression to higher education and employment, are signposted so students understand what skills they are developing and therefore go on to use these skills more effectively in the future. Exam practice provides opportunities to assess understanding and progress, so students can make the best progress they can.

The UK's most trusted A level Mathematics resources With over 900,000 copies sold (plus 1.3 million copies sold of the previous edition), Pearson's own resources for Pearson Edexcel are the market-leading and most trusted for AS and A level Mathematics. Our A level Mathematics Statistics and Mechanics Year 2 Practice Book helps you get exam-ready with confidence and practice at the right pace. Coverage: the practice workbooks cover all Pure, Statistics and Mechanics topics Quantity: the most A level question practice available, with over 2,000 extra questions per book Practice at the right pace: start with the essentials, build your skills with various practice questions to make connections between topics, then apply this to exam-style questions at the end of each chapter Get exam-ready with confidence: differentiated questions including 'Bronze, Silver, Gold' in each chapter, and a mixed problem-solving section for each book, will guide and help you to develop the skills you need for your exams Designed to be used flexibly, the practice books are fully mapped to the scheme of work and textbooks so you can use them seamlessly in and out of the classroom and all year round. Use them lesson by lesson, topic by topic, for homework, revision and more - the choice is yours Great value practice materials that are cheaper than photocopying, saves more time than independently sourcing questions and answers, and are all in one place Pearson Edexcel A level Mathematics Statistics & Mechanics Year 2 Practice Book matches the Pearson Edexcel exam structure and is fully integrated with Pearson Edexcel's interactive scheme of work. Practice books are also available offering the most comprehensive and flexible AS/A level Maths practice with over 2000 extra questions. Pearson's revision resources are the smart choice for those revising for Pearson Edexcel AS and A level Mathematics - there is a Revision Workbook for exam practice and a Revision Guide for classroom and independent study. Practice Papers Plus+ books contain additional full length practice papers, so you can practice answering questions by writing straight into the book and perfect your responses with targeted hints, guidance and support for every question, including fully worked solutions.

Most of us believe everything happens for a reason. Whether it is "God's will," "karma", or "fate," we want to believe that an overarching purpose undergirds everything, and that nothing in the world, especially a disaster or tragedy, is a random, meaningless event. Abraham's Dice explores the interplay between chance and randomness, as well as between providence and divine action in the monotheistic religious traditions, looking at how their interaction has been conceptualized as our understanding of the workings of nature has changed. This lively historical conversation has generated intense and engaging theological debates, and provocative responses from science: what of the history of our universe, where chance and law have played out in complex ways? Or the evolution of life, where random mutations have challenged attempts to find purpose within evolution and convinced many that human beings are a "glorious accident." The enduring belief that everything happens for a reason is examined through a conversation with major scholars, among them holders of prestigious chairs at Oxford and Cambridge universities and the University of Basel, as well as several Gifford lecturers, and two Templeton prize winners. Now, as never before, confident scientific assertions that the world embodies a profound contingency are challenging theological claims that God acts providentially in the world. The random and meandering path of evolution is widely used as an argument that God did not create life. Organized historically, Abraham's Dice provides a wide-ranging scientific, theological, and biblical foundation to address the question of divine action in a world shot through with contingency.

The Art of 2D Transesophageal Echocardiography provides in a practical and systematic way an overview of basic concepts and state of-the-art techniques in transesophageal echocardiography. It summarizes established application, provides hundreds of real-time videos of various cardiac diseases that expand the knowledge of every cardiologist, intensivist, and cardiovascular physicians in their daily practice of transesophageal echocardiography.

The UK's most trusted A level Mathematics resources With over 900,000 copies sold (plus 1.3 million copies sold of the previous edition), Pearson's own resources for Pearson Edexcel are the market-leading and most trusted for AS and A level Mathematics This book can be used alongside the Year 1 book to cover all the content needed for the Edexcel A level Pure Mathematics exams Enhanced focus on problem-solving and modelling, as well as supporting the large data set and calculators Packed with worked examples with guidance, lots of exam-style questions, practice papers, and plenty of mixed and review exercises Full worked solutions to every question available free and online for quick and easy access. Plus free additional online content with GeoGebra interactives and Casio calculator tutorials Practice books also available offering the most comprehensive and flexible AS/A level Maths practice with over 2000 extra questions Includes access to an online digital edition (valid for 3 years once activated) Pearson Edexcel A level Mathematics Pure Mathematics Year 2 Textbook + e-book matches the Pearson Edexcel exam structure and is fully integrated with Pearson Edexcel's interactive scheme of work. All of the books in this series focus on problem-solving and modelling, as well as supporting the large data set and calculators. They are packed with worked examples with guidance, lots of exam-style questions, practice papers, and plenty of mixed and review exercises. There are full worked solutions to every question available free and online for quick and easy access. You will also have access to lots of free additional online content with GeoGebra interactives and Casio calculator tutorials. There are separate Pure and Applied textbooks for AS and A level Maths, and a textbook per option for AS and A level Further Maths. Practice books are also available offering the most comprehensive and flexible AS/A level Maths practice with over 2000 extra questions. Pearson's revision resources are the smart choice for those revising for Pearson Edexcel AS and A level Mathematics - there is a Revision Workbook for exam practice and a Revision Guide for classroom and independent study. Practice Papers Plus+ books contain additional full length practice papers, so you can practice answering questions by writing straight into the book and perfect your responses with targeted hints, guidance and support for every question, including fully worked solutions.

Beverages derived from fruits and vegetables are a rich source of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolics and polyphenolics as well as other bioactives. The bioactives in nutraceutical beverages may act synergistically with one another and their effect may be amplified through fortification, cultivating practices, or biotechnological means. This book discusses factors in the formulation, chemistry, nutrition, and health effects of nutraceutical beverages.

Exam Board: Salters Nuffield Level: A level Subject: Science / Biology First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017 An ActiveBook is included with every Student Book, giving your students easy online access to the content in the Student Book. They can make it their own with notes, highlights and links to their wider reading. Perfect for supporting revision activities. Student Book 1 supports a standalone AS course and provides the first year of a two-year A level course; Student Books 1and 2 together support the full A level course. A cumulative approach to learning constantly builds on what has previously been learnt. Each topic is introduced within a wider context. Concepts are revisited and developed in later topics. Integrated math sand stats support directs students to online maths resources. Thinking Bigger spreads require students to use knowledge in new contexts and think about connections and develop essential assessment skills throughout course. Real-life articles engage students with current biological writing and develop scientific literacy skills needed for A level and beyond. Checkpoints consolidate knowledge through summarizing tasks Practical activities provide opportunities for students to practise their skills and develop understanding of practical requirements. Material has been updated to reflect revisions, additions and deletions to changes in the subject content.

Thomas C. Vinci aims to reveal and assess the structure of Kant's argument in the Critique of Pure Reason called the "Transcendental Deduction of the Categories." At the end of the first part of the Deduction in the B-edition Kant states that his purpose is achieved: to show that all intuitions in general are subject to the categories. On the standard reading, this means that all of our mental representations, including those originating in sense-experience, are structured by conceptualization. But this reading encounters an exegetical problem: Kant states in the second part of the Deduction that a major part of what remains to be shown is that empirical intuitions are subject to the categories. How can this be if it has already been shown that intuitions in general are subject to the categories? Vinci calls this the Triviality Problem, and he argues that solving it requires denying the standard reading. In its place he proposes that intuitions in general and empirical intuitions constitute disjoint classes and that, while all intuitions for Kant are unified, there are two kinds of unification: logical unification vs. aesthetic unification. Only the former is due to the categories. A second major theme of the book is that Kant's Idealism comes in two versions-for laws of nature and for objects of empirical intuition-and that demonstrating these versions is the ultimate goal of the Deduction of the Categories and the similarly structured Deduction of the Concepts of Space, respectively. Vinci shows that the Deductions have the argument structure of an inference to the best explanation for correlated domains of explananda, each arrived at by independent applications of Kantian epistemic and geometrical methods.

Energy, water, affordable healthcare and global warming are four major concerns resulting from resource depletion, record high oil prices, clean water shortages, high costs of pharmaceuticals, and changing climate conditions. Among many potential solutions, advance in membrane technology is one of the most direct, effective and feasible approaches to solve these sophisticated issues. This membrane book presents cutting-edge membrane research and development for water reuse and desalination, energy development including biofuels, CO2 capture, pharmaceutical purification and separation, and biomedical applications.

Considered by many during his lifetime as the most well-known scientist in the world, Stephen Jay Gould left an enormous and influential body of work. A Harvard professor of paleontology, evolutionary biology, and the history of science, Gould provided major insights into our understanding of the history of life. He helped to reinvigorate paleontology, launch macroevolution on a new course, and provide a context in which the biological developmental stages of an organism's embryonic growth could be integrated into an understanding of evolution. This book is a set of reflections on the many areas of Gould's intellectual life by the people who knew and understood him best: former students and prominent close collaborators. Mostly a critical assessment of his legacy, the chapters are not technical contributions but rather offer a combination of intellectual bibliography, personal memoir, and reflection on Gould's diverse scientific achievements. The work includes the most complete bibliography of his writings to date and offers a multi-dimensional view of Gould's life-work not to be found in any other volume.

The AQA A level Lab Books support students in completing the A level Practical requirements. This lab book includes: All the instructions students need to perform the required practicals, consistent with AQA's requirements and CPAC skills Writing frames for students to record their results and reflect on their work Questions that allow students to consolidate learning and develop reflective skills in their practical work Apparatus and Techniques (AT) skills self-assessment, so that students can track their progress covering AT practical requirements a full set of answers at the back. This lab book is designed to help students to: Structure their A level lab work to ensure that they cover the required Practical assessment criteria Track their progress in the development of A level practical skills Create a record of all of the practical work they will have completed, in preparation for revision.

Chiral molecules are ubiquitous in nature. Thus, it is not surprising to come across this phenomenon in the world of flavor substances. This book provides an overview on the analytical procedures currently applied to analyze chiral flavor substances at trace levels. It demonstrates several examples for the application of these techniques to determine naturally occurring enantiomeric compositions of chiral key flavor compounds in various natural systems. In addition to the analytical aspects, the contributions focus on the sensory properties of enantiomers and enlarge our knowledge on the correlation between configurations and odor properties and intensities of chiral flavor compounds. The practical importance of the topic is reflected by a discussion of merits and limitations of chiral analysis for the authenticity control of food flavorings. In addition, examples for the use of enzymes and microorganisms to obtain enantiopure flavor substances and thus to meet legal requirements for "natural" labeling are presented. Finally, the book covers aspects recently getting more and more in the focus of flavor science: What are the physiological mechanisms underlying the perception of sensory properties and does chirality matter in that respect?

How does a mudskipper fish manage to “walk” on land? Why is the Hoatzin also known as ‘The Stinkbird’? And once the female Pipa toad has laid her eggs, where does she put them? The answers? The mudskipper can “walk” using its pectoral fins, the Hoatzin has a unique digestive system which gives the bird a manure-like odour, and the female Pipa Toad embeds its eggs on its back where they develop to adult stage. Illustrated throughout with outstanding colour photographs, Strange Animals presents the most unusual aspects of 100 of the most unusual species. The selection spans a broad spectrum of wildlife, from the tallest land living mammal, the giraffe, to the light, laughing chorus of Australian kookaburra birds, from the intelligence of the Bottlenose dolphin to octopuses that change colour when they dream to the slow pace of the three-toed sloth. Arranged geographically, the photographs are accompanied by fascinating captions, which explain the quirky characteristics of each entry. Including egg-laying mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, cannibalistic insects and other invertebrates, Strange Animals is a compelling introduction to some of nature’s most curious beasts.

Ancient Greek Philosophy routinely relied upon concepts of number to explain the tangible order of the universe. Plotinus' contribution to this tradition, however, has been often omitted, if not ignored. The main reason for this, at first glance, is the Plotinus does not treat the subject of number in the Enneads as pervasively as the Neopythagoreans or even his own successors Lamblichus, Syrianus, and Proclus. Nevertheless, a close examination of the Enneads reveals that Plotinus systematically discusses number in relation to each of his underlying principles of existence--the One, Intellect, and Soul. Plotinus on Number offers the first comprehensive analysis of Plotinus' concept of number, beginning with its origins in Plato and the Neopythagoreans and ending with its influence on Porphyry's arrangement of the Enneads. It's main argument is that Plotinus adapts Plato's and the Neopythagoreans' cosmology to place number in the foundation of the intelligible realm and in the construction of the universe. Through Plotinus' defense of Plato's Ideal Numbers from Aristotle's criticism, Svetla Slaveva-Griffin reveals the founder of Neoplatonism as the first post-Platonic philosopher who purposefully and systematically develops what we may call a theory of number, distinguishing between number in the intelligible realm and number in the quantitative, mathematical realm. Finally, the book draws attention to Plotinus' concept as a necesscary and fundamental linke between Platonic and late Neoplatonic schools of philosophy.

This book offers a broad discussion of the concepts required to understand the thermodynamic stability of molecules and bonds and a description of the most important condensed-phase techniques that have been used to obtain that information. Above all, this book attempts to provide useful guidelines on how to choose the "best" data and how to use it to understand chemistry. Although the book assumes some basic knowledge on physical-chemistry, it has been written in a "textbook" style and most topics are addressed in a way that is accessible to advanced undergraduate students. Many examples are given throughout the text, involving a variety of molecules.
This text will provide a good starting point for those who wish to initiate in the field or simply to understand how to assess, to estimate, and to use thermochemical data. It will therefore appeal to a broad range of practicing chemists and particularly to those interested in energetics-structure-reactivity relationships.

In 1996, the Argentine government authorized the use of genetically modified (GM), herbicide-resistance soybean seeds. By the mid-2000s, GM soybeans were cultivated on more than half of the arable land in Argentina and represented one-fourth of the country's exports. While this agricultural boom has benefitted agribusiness companies and fed tax revenues, it also has a dark side: it has accelerated the deforestation of native forests, prompted the eviction of indigenous and peasant families, and spurred episodes of contamination. In Soybeans and Power, Pablo Lapegna investigates the ways in which rural populations have coped with GM soybean expansion in Argentina. Based on over a decade of ethnographic research, Lapegna reveals that many communities initially resisted, yet ultimately adapted to the new agricultural technologies forced upon them by public officials. However, rather than painting the decline of the protests in an exclusively negative light, Lapegna argues that the farmers played an active role in their own demobilization, switching to tactics of negotiation and accommodation in order to maneuver the situation to their advantage. Lapegna offers a rare, on the ground glimpse into the life cycle of a social movement, from mobilization and protest to demobilization and resigned acceptance. Through the case study of Argentina, a major player in the use and export of GM crops, Soybeans and Power gives voice to the communities most adversely affected by GM technology, as well as the strategies that they have enacted in order to survive.

The field of quantum chemistry has grown so immensely that the importance of some of the earliest work and the earliest pioneers of quantum chemistry is unfamiliar to many of today's youngest scientists in the field. Thus, this book is an attempt to preserve some of the very valuable, early history of quantum chemistry, providing the reader with not only a perspective of the science, but a perspective of the early pioneers themselves, some of whom were quite interesting characters. The symposium on which this book is based came about because one of the co-editors (ETS) came to a conviction that the contributions such as those by George Wheland to quantum chemistry and Otto Schmidt to free electron theory should be better appreciated and known. He organized a symposium in which quantum chemistry pioneers, both those celebrated by everyone and those seemingly overlooked by posterity, would be recognized. While this volume is certainly not a history of quantum chemistry, it does cover many highlights over a period of about sixty years. This volume consists of chapters based upon ten of the presentations at the symposium "Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry" held March 28, 2011, at the 241st ACS National Meeting in Anaheim, CA.

Please note that this Floris Books edition has been revised for UK and European notation, language and metric systems. From the early peoples who marvelled at the geometry of nature -- the beehive and bird's nest -- to ancient civilisations who questioned beautiful geometric forms and asked 'why?', the story of geometry spans thousands of years. Using only three simple tools -- the string, the straight-edge and the shadow -- human beings revealed the basic principles and constructions of elementary geometry. Weaving history and legend, this fascinating book reconstructs the discoveries of mathematics's most famous figures. Through illustrations and diagrams, readers are able to follow the reasoning that lead to an ingenious proof of the Pythagorean theorem, an appreciation of the significance of the Golden Mean in art and architecture, or the construction of the five regular solids. This insightful and engaging book makes geometry accessible to everyone. Readers will be fascinated with how the knowledge and wisdom of so many cultures helped shape our civilisation today. String, Straight-edge and Shadow is also a useful and inspiring book for those teaching geometry in Steiner-Waldorf classrooms.

Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has become one of the main statistical tools for the analysis of economic and financial data. This book is the first to provide an intuitive introduction to the method combined with a unified treatment of GMM statistical theory and a survey of recent important developments in the field. Providing a comprehensive treatment of GMM estimation and inference, it is designed as a resource for both the theory and practice of GMM: it discusses and proves formally all the main statistical results, and illustrates all inference techniques using empirical examples in macroeconomics and finance. Building from the instrumental variables estimator in static linear models, it presents the asymptotic statistical theory of GMM in nonlinear dynamic models. Within this framework it covers classical results on estimation and inference techniques, such as the overidentifying restrictions test and tests of structural stability, and reviews the finite sample performance of these inference methods. And it discusses in detail recent developments on covariance matrix estimation, the impact of model misspecification, moment selection, the use of the bootstrap, and weak instrument asymptotics.

Starting from a clear, concise introduction, the powerful finite element and boundary element methods of engineering are developed for application to quantum mechanics. The reader is led through illustrative examples displaying the strengths of these methods using applications to fundamental quantum mechanical problems and to the design/simulation of quantum nanoscale devices.

"Calculations in AS and A Level Chemistry fills a gap in the market and provides excellent coverage of the calculations needed at A Level. Chapters are clearly laid out, with plenty of worked examples, and there are helpful notes throughout." The Times Educational Supplement, April 2001. Suitable for use with all AS and A Level specifications, it helps students to understand mathematical concepts specific to AS and A Level Chemistry. Assumes only a basic knowledge of GCSE Chemistry to help bridge the gap between GCSE and AS/A Level. Ideal as a self-study text to build students' knowledge and competence in completing calculations. Uses simple language to clearly explain the basic principles. Guides students through each exercise with help and hint boxes as they gradually progress through the text. Covers variants of each type of calculation.