Corrosion is a high-cost and potentially hazardous issue in numerous industries. The potential use of diverse carbon nanoallotropes in corrosion protection, prevention and control is a subject of rising attention. This book covers the current advancements of carbon nanoallotropes in metal corrosion management, including the usage of nanostructure materials to produce high-performance corrosion inhibitors and corrosion-resistant coatings.

For many years it was believed that translational symmetry would be the fundamental property of crystal structures of natural and synthetic compounds. It is now recognised that many compounds crystallise without translational symmetry of their atomic structures. "Incommensurate Crystallography" gives a comprehensive account of the superspace theory for the description of crystal structures and symmetries of these incommensurately modulated crystals and incommensurate composite crystals. It thus provides the necessary background for quantitative analysis of incommensurate crystals by methods in Solid State Chemistry and Solid State Physics. The second half of "Incommensurate Crystallography" is devoted to crystallographic methods of structural analysis of incommensurate compounds. Thorough accounts are given of the diffraction by incommensurate crystals, the choice of parameters in structure refinements, and the use of superspace in analysing crystal structures. The presentation of methods of structure determination includes modern methods like the Maximum Entropy Method and Charge Flipping.

This book offers comprehensive information on the developments and applications of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The first part of the book briefly introduces readers to the fundamentals of SPME, while subsequent sections describe the applications of SPME technique in detail, including environmental analysis (air, water, soil/sediments), food analysis (volatile/nonvolatile compounds), and bioanalysis (plants, animal tissues, body fluids). The advantages and future challenges of the SPME technique are also discussed. Including recent research advances and further developments of SPME, the book offers a practical reference guide and a valuable resource for researchers and users of SPME techniques. The target audience includes analytical chemists, environmental scientists, biological scientists, material scientists, and analysts, as well as students at universities/institutes in related fields. Dr. Gangfeng Ouyang is a Professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Dr. Ruifen Jiang is an Associate Professor at the School of Environment, Jinan University, China.

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive treatment of theories and applications in the rapidly expanding field of the crystallography of modular materials. Molecules are the natural modules from which molecular crystalline structures are built. Most inorganic structures, however, are infinite arrays of atoms and some kinds of surrogate modules, e.g. co-ordination polyhedra, are usually used to describe them. In recent years the attention has been focused on complex modules as the basis for a systematic description of polytypes and homologous/polysomatic series (modular structures). This representation is applied to the modelling of unknown structures and understanding nanoscale defects and intergrowths in materials. The Order/Disorder (OD) theory is fundamental to developing a systematic theory of polytypism, dealing with those structures based on both ordered and disordered stacking of one or more layers. Twinning at both unit-cell and micro-scale, together with disorder, causes many problems, "demons", for computer-based methods of crystal structure determination. This book develops the theory of twinning with the inclusion of worked examples, converting the "demons" into useful indicators for unravelling crystal structure. In spite of the increasing use of the concepts of modular crystallography for characterising, understanding and tailoring technological crystalline materials, this is the first book to offer a unified treatment of the results, which are spread across many different journals and original papers published over the last twenty years.

Since the first date of publication of this book in 1991, the subject of phosphors and luminescence has assumed even more importance in the overall scheme of technological development. Many new types of displays have appeared which depend upon phosphors in their operation. Some of these were pure conjecture in 1991 but are a reality in 2004. Descriptions have been included of the newer (as well as the older) types of displays in this edition along with an annotated portrait of the phosphors used in each category. Many of these new light sources promise to displace and make obsolete our current light sources, such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps and the ubiquitous colour Cathode Ray Tube now used in TV and computer monitors.
The importance of solid state science are summarized in the introductory chapters of this edition, and many of the chapters have been completely rewritten or revised.
Each chapter has a special contribution to make in the overall understanding of the solid state science of phosphors and luminescence.
- Introduces the reader to the science and art of preparing inorganic luminescent materials.
- Describes how and why luminescent materials exhibit such specific intrinsic properties.
- Describes the science of the solid state and presents the exact formulas and conditions required to make all of the phosphors known at that time.

This book is a chemist's approach to the subject. Many concepts of solid state science have been explained in a simple lucid manner so that undergraduate students can read it independently. Some chapters have been rewritten for this edition and new chapters have been added. It is recommended to serve as a textbook for courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

The rare earths play a unique role in science. These seventeen related elements afford a panoply of subtle variations deriving from the systematic development of their electronic configurations, allowing a test of theory with excellent resolution. In contrast they find widespread use in even the most mundane processes such as steel making, for polishing materials and gasoline cracking catalysts. In between are exotic uses such as TV screen phosphors, lasers, high strength permanent magnets and chemical probes. This multi-volume handbook covers the entire rare earth field in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student alike, a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.

This book addresses the most important aspects of solid state physics, reviewing basic properties, related experimental techniques, and summarizing research over six decades. In addition, Micro- and Macro-Properties of Solids provides data on new materials such as rare-earth metals, semiconductors, ferroelectrics, mixed-valence compounds, superionic conductors, optical and optoelectronic materials and biomaterials.

In this book, the problem of electron and hole transport is approached from the point of view that a coherent and consistent physical theory can be constructed for transport phenomena. Along the road readers will visit some exciting citadels in theoretical physics as the authors guide them through the strong and weak aspects of the various theoretical constructions. Our goal is to make clear the mutual coherence and to put each theoretical model in an appropriate perspective. The mere fact that so many partial solutions have been proposed to describe transport, be it in condensed matter, fluids, or gases, illustrates that we are entering a world of physics with a rich variety of phenomena. Theoretical physics always seeks to provide a unifying picture. By presenting this tour of many very inventive attempts to build such a picture, it is hoped that the reader will be inspired and encouraged to help find the unifying principle behind the many faces of transport.

Quasielastic neutron scattering has made many important contributions to the atomistic elucidation of diffusion processes in solids. The aim of this book is to inform researchers in solid state physics, solid state chemistry, and inorganic materials science of the potential of quasielastic neutron scattering. The book has been written for experimentalists and contains in its first part the theoretical background on neutrons, neutron scattering, and solid state diffusion, which is essential for the proper use of quasielastic neutron scattering. This general part should be useful for non-experts in the field of neutron scattering and diffusion as well. The second part of the book addresses the experts in this vivid field of research. It summarizes the scientific applications of quasielastic neutron scattering to special solid state materials systems, as for example to hydrogen in metals or to diffusion in solid state ionic conductors.

The book contains the only available complete presentation of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) of complex dynamics of glass-forming liquids, dense polymer melts, and colloidal suspensions. It describes in a self-contained manner the derivation of the MCT equations of motion and explains that the latter define a model for a statistical description of non-linear dynamics.
It is shown that the equations of motion exhibit bifurcation singularities, which imply the evolution of dynamical scenarios different from those studied in other non-linear dynamics theories. The essence of the scenarios is explained by the asymptotic solution theory of the equations of motion. The leading-order results deal with scaling laws and the range of validity of these general laws is obtained by the derivation of the leading-correction results.
Comparisons of numerical solutions of the MCT equations of motion with the results of the analytic results of the asymptotic analysis demonstrate various facets of the MCT dynamics. Some comparisons of MCT results with data are used to show the relevance of MCT for the discussion of amorphous matter dynamics.

Solid State Chemistry is a general textbook, composed for those with little background knowledge of the subject, but who wish to learn more about the various segments of solid state theory and technology.
The information is presented in a form that can easily be understood and will be useful to readers wishing to build on their own store of knowledge and experience.
Well presented in easy to understand format.
Informative textbook aimed primarily at the novice.
Comprehensively covers the segments of solid state theory and technology.

The current volume in the series "Vibrational Spectra and Structure" is a single topic volume on the vibrational spectra of molecules containing silicon in the solid state. "Molecular Approaches to Solids" has been treated by the workers in the Institute for Silicate Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science in St. Petersburg for the past two decades. In the last 15 years, a number of publications have originated from the laboratory where quantum mechanical computations for suitably selected molecules have been utilized to explain the origins of some structure bonding interrelationships and silicates and to evaluate their force constants.

Since most of the developments in this area have been published in the Russian literature they remain relatively inaccessible to the Western scientists. This volume is a compilation of many of these publications and summarizes the essential conclusions of these studies.

Unfortunately, Professor Lazarev passed away after he had submitted the volume for publication.

The fundamentals of astrochemistry in the gas phase are relatively well established, in contrast to the special relevance attributed to processes involving interstellar dust grains - the solid component of matter diffused among the stars.
This book presents the state of the art in relation to the ways grains interact with gases, the catalytic role played by dust that allows key molecular species (H2 as well as many complex, possibly prebiotic species) to be formed on its surface - which cannot be obtained efficiently by any other mechanisms, and the interaction between solids (dust grains, icy mantles, cometary nuclei, satellites of the giant planets and minor bodies in the Solar system) in space and energetic agents such as UV photons and fast particles.
The presence and importance of PAH, which may represent the smallest component of the grains, is considered in relation to possible astrobiological pathways and the ever-present mystery of the ubiquitous presence of Diffuse Interstellar Bands and their carriers.

Surfaces and interfaces play an increasingly important role in today's solid state devices. In this book the reader is introduced, in a didactic manner, to the essential theoretical aspects of the atomic and electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces. The book does not pretend to give a complete overview of contemporary problems and methods. Instead, the authors strive to provide simple but qualitatively useful arguments that apply to a wide variety of cases. The emphasis of the book is on semiconductor surfaces and interfaces but it also includes a thorough treatment of transition metals, a general discussion of phonon dispersion curves, and examples of large computational calculations. The exercises accompanying every chapter will be of great benefit to the student.

The close relationship between experimentalists and theorists whether solid state chemists or physicists has, in the last few years, inspired much research in the field of materials with quasi one-dimensional structures.

This volume, Part I of a two-volume set, reviews the basic theories describing the physical properties of one-dimensional materials including their superconducting characteristics. This description is mainly based on the properties of transition metal trichalcogenides. The novel collective transport mechanism for electronic conduction, exhibited by some of the latter compounds NbSe3 being considered as the prototype is surveyed according to a classical theory and a theory including macroscopic quantum effects. In addition, the book contains a description of the properties of non-linear excitations, or solitons, in one-dimensional systems. "

This book is intended for postgraduate students, researchers and engineers engaged in research into oxide conductors. It presents an overview of electronic transport phenomena, including a discussion of high-Tc superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance in two chapters, one of which reviews all the conducting oxides. In another nine chapters representative oxides are discussed in detail. Since electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions greatly influence conducting properties, two chapters are devoted to their explanation. More than 1200 references will serve as a useful guide to those entering into this vast field of research.