A visitor vehicle emissions study was conducted for Joshua Tree National Park. This study was a joint effort between the NPS, the National Park Foundation (NPF), and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center's Environmental Measurement and Modeling Division (Volpe Center). The goal of this study was two-fold: (1) Develop a park-specific baseline vehicular emissions inventory of carbon monoxide (CO), the volatile organic compound (VOC) category of hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), 2.5-micron particulate matter (PM2.5), and 10-micron particulate matter (PM10) NOTE: PM in this document indicates total particulate matter, including exhaust PM (lead, gasoline PM, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and sulfates), brake PM, and tire PM]; and (2) develop a simplified methodology to produce vehicular emissions inventories for varying visitor traffic scenarios.

This document serves a guide to the basic concepts involved and issues to be addressed by National Park Service (NPS) staff in the of acquisition of vehicles, supporting infrastructure, as well as information on the need for maintenance facilities and specialized staff to operate and maintain transportation system to serve visitors to national parks, recreation areas, historic sites, and monuments. It identifies engineering principles and practices, codes and standards, and lessons learned that are applicable to the NPS. It contains numerous references to other publications and electronic links to websites for more in depth information.

This alternative transportation plan aims to define a more efficient transit plan for visitors to Morristown. Goals include protecting environmental resources, improving visitor experiences and safety, maximizing use of infrastructure, ensuring compatibility of goals between the park and the surrounding community, and determining cost-effective means to maximize ridership. The report identifies three transportation alternatives for Morristown and analyzes their respective benefits in terms of ridership, safety, visitor enjoyment, and efficiency, as well as costs of each plan.

"This revealing, dead-on investigation of the modern-day sports stadium boondoggle, and its often-devastating impact on American cities, is an essential read for anyone, sports fan or not, who wants to avoid getting fleeced."-Steve Lopez, Los Angeles Times columnist and former columnist for The Philadelphia Inquirer and Time magazine "Public Dollars, Private Stadiums helps us understand the political processes involved in using public money for new sports stadiums. . . . It is a must read for anyone interested in this important new issue." -Richard E. Lapchick, founder and director emeritus of the Center for the Study of Sport in Society at Northeastern University "Readable and smart . . . Kevin Delaney and Rick Eckstein show how conflicts over sports subsidies are emblematic of the kinds of power relationships that prevail in each community."-Lee Clarke, author of Mission Improbable: Using Fantasy Documents to Tame Disaster This book provides an eye-opening account of recent battles over publicly financed stadiums in some of America's largest cities. The authors' interviews with key decision makers present a behind-the-scenes look at how and why powerful individuals and organizations foist these sports palaces on increasingly unreceptive communities. In the face of studies demonstrating that new sports facilities don't live up to their promise of big money, proponents are using a new tactic to win public subsidies--touting intangible "social" rewards, such as prestige and community cohesion. The authors find these to be empty promises as well, demonstrating that new stadiums may exacerbate, rather than erase, many social problems. Public Dollars, Private Stadiums should be read by everyone with an interest in the future of sports and our cities. Kevin J. Delaney is an associate professor of sociology at Temple University and author of Strategic Bankruptcy. Rick Eckstein is an associate professor of sociology and assistant director of the Center for Peace and Justice Education at Villanova University, as well as the author of Nuclear Power and Social Power.

This report presents a case study of the partnerships that supported the implementation of the Island Explorer Shuttle Bus System, which was designed to respond to growing traffic congestion both in Maine's Acadia National Park and in the adjacent towns on Mount Desert Island, especially Bar Harbor. The system, which began operating in 1999 with six buses, is now comprised of 17 shuttle buses that in 2001 carried nearly 240,000 passengers. The Island Explorer is one of the most successful recent ATS within NPS.

In "BallBuster? True Confessions of a Marxist Businessman, Bertell Ollman recounts the challenges of finding American distribution for his revolutionary board game, Class Struggle (more than 250,000 copies sold). His misadventures explode the myth of capitalism, showing the struggles small-business owners face. This revised edition updates readers on what has happened in Ollman's life and work since 1983. Ollman finds himself questioning his role as a Marxist professor in a capitalist society. He ponders whether he is winning or losing, and if he will make it out of the jungle of capitalist business with his socialist principles still intact.

This report assesses the prospects for enhanced alternative transportation services and infrastructure at the National Park Service unit of the Fire Island National Seashore. The park staff believes that enhancement of alternative transportation services can help facilitate access to the resources of Fire Island, and support the needs of year-round residents, seasonal renters, and day visitors. The assessment is based upon a thorough survey of existing services, a market survey, and projections for modest visitation growth.

"Performance Appraisal for Sport and Recreation Managers" is the first book specifically designed to help sport management personnel use Management by Objective principles to conduct performance appraisals and set goals. Author Joanne MacLean explains procedures for developing job assessments, descriptions, and evaluation criteria.

The book includes-case studies that put the reader in the manager's shoes,

-23 sample job descriptions,

-11 sample appraisal forms and checklists,

-step-by-step instructions for implementing a performance appraisal process,

-explanation of the Management by Objectives goal-setting process, and

-comprehensive examples of performance appraisal issues for sport managers in all settings."Performance Appraisal for Sport and Recreation Managers" provides step-by-step instructions for analyzing a wide range of jobs in sport and recreation, giving management personnel a firm foundation to create solid job descriptions and performance appraisals.

By working through the case studies, sample forms, and checklists, managers can practice dealing with potential performance appraisal problems before they arise. "Performance Appraisal for Sport and Recreation Managers" also allows managers to work with staff to create specific goals that lead to continuous improvement in performance.

Now, management personnel in the sport and recreation industry have access to the popular Management by Objectives system for performance appraisal.

In this unique text you'll find practical business theory and professi onal practice guidelines specifically for the sport business manager. The basics of running a for-profit sport business, as well as influent ial management tips for survival in the 1990s, make this an ideal book for sport businesses.

Cases In Sport Marketing, Simulates Real-Life Scenarios For Sport Marketers As Exhibition Games In The Preseason Simulate The Regular Season For Professional Athletes. The Text Begins With Four Introductory Chapters To Explain The Case Study Method And Then Dedicates The Remaining Fifteen Chapters To Fifteen Sport Marketing Cases That Cover A Wide Range Of Issues And Sport Industry Segments. By Working Through The Cases, Students Can Examine An Array Of Situations And Gain Experience Grappling With Actual Problems Faced By Managers. Each Case Presents The Critical Issues At Hand, Possible Alternatives For Consideration, And The Criterion Necessary To Make An Informed Decision. The Final Chapter Provides An Overview Of The Sport Marketing Field.

An emerging segment of the world's largest and fastest-growing industry, sport tourism capitalizes on the relationship between tourism and the high-profile, multi-billion dollar sports industry.

Sport Tourism provides an in-depth analysis of the nature of sport, the nature of tourism, and the symbiotic relationship between the two. Standeven and De Knop present detailed case studies from around the world to illustrate the interplay between sport tourism and-the economy,

-sociocultural dynamics,

-people's health,

-the environment,

-urban development, and

-public policy.Paying special attention to cultural variations, Standeven and De Knop explore the way sport tourism is administered in countries around the world. They examine current trends and assess future prospects.

A useful reference for industry personnel and an illuminative text for students, Sport Tourism provides valuable insight into this dynamic industry.

In FIFA and the Contest for World Football Sugden and Tomlinson provide the first full-length study of FIFA (the Federation Internationale de Football Association) and its role in framing and controlling world football. Interviewing more than seventy influential leaders world-wide and drawing on exclusive documentary sources, the authors demonstrate FIFA's importance in twentieth-century sport, and in an increasingly global consumer culture.

The first part of the book covers the origins and organizational characteristics of FIFA, and of the European and South American federations. The second part considers how new and powerful players have emerged in FIFA in the wake of the collapse of empires. The book includes analyses of football's contributions to the growth of nationalism and anti-imperialism; the use of football by ruthless and sometimes corrupt officials and political despots; and its expansion under the influence of increasingly prominent commercial paymasters. Football's role in Africa, Asia and the USA is also illuminated, and FIFA's global mission and rhetoric evaluated.

The book is a valuable addition to the politics and social history of sport, and to the sociology of the global system and the changing world order. It will be of interest to students and researchers in the areas of sport studies, cultural studies and the sociology of popular culture, and to everyone concerned with the social organization of one of the world's most popular sports.

A small, poverty-stricken California Indian Tribe, the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, successfully fought a long legal battle for the right to operate the business of their choice on their barren reservation--a gambling casino. This is their story, the authorized history of their epic struggle, climaxing with their victory in a 1987 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, the now-famous Cabazon Decision. Their defeated opponents included California's City of Indio and County of Riverside (called one of the most racist in the U.S. by a non-Indian resident) as well as California and 29 other states that joined California's appeal.

This is also the fascinating story of the role played by a white family and its radical, socialist patriarch that helped create one of the world's most capital-intensive industries and triggered today's Indian Gaming Explosion throughout America. Hundreds of hours of taped interviews and years of documents, meeting records, and official correspondence are analyzed to give the reader a clear picture of the impact of this new massive capital on tribal life and the development of a possible future without gambling--as officials in league with Nevada and Atlantic City gambling interests continue their efforts to destroy Indian gaming. The Buffalo, literal and symbolic figure of earlier Indian financial independence, has returned in a new form--cash cow casinos.

With updated financial data throughout, this book exposes baseball's secret financial statistics. A postscript chapter presents recent events such as the dismissal of Fay Vincent as baseball's commissioner, the multimillion-dollar suit over decisions by the Seattle Mariners and San Francisco, a joint economic study report by the players and owners and the House and Senate hearing on Baseball's exemption from antitrust laws.

As every American knows, our nation's favorite pastime is also big business. The last fifteen years have been exceptionally good to the business of baseball-with the growth in fan attendance, the spread of cable television, the burgeoning interest in cards and other baseball memorabilia, the historical appreciation of franchise values, the emergence of a powerful players' union, and average salaries that are almost twenty times their pre-1976 levels. Yet at this time of prosperity, major economic issues trouble the sport: the threat of franchise relocation, the continual flash points in collective bargaining, the growing commercialization of the game, the club owners' collusive response to free agency, lingering concerns of race discrimination, and the arguably tenuous link between player pay and performance. This fascinating book examines these and other major issues and assesses their probable impact on the business of baseball. Contributors begin by examining the effect of the reserve clause on competitive league balance. They then investigate whether prior experience with the salary arbitration process affects player demands in subsequent settlements and compare salary differences between ineligible and arbitration-eligible players. They consider the role of the baseball fan as contributor to team winning, as season ticket purchase, and as card-collecting hobbyist. Diamonds Are Forever also looks at the link between player pay and performance. The authors question whether such high salaries are actually earned by players or are instead awarded by owners eager to have ""the winning team."" They also discuss the growth in unequal distribution of salaries among players. In the last section, the authors look at racial discrimination in baseball and the influence of a team's racial composition on salaries. From Babe Ruth to Nolan Ryan, Doubleday to Skydome, baseball cards to Homer Hankies, the nation has been enthralled for decades with the business of baseball. Although the authors look to the future and consider changes that might occur in this profitable pastime, they assure that diamonds are forever.

Effective marketing is essential for any successful sport organization, from elite international teams to local leagues. Now in a fully revised and updated third edition, Advanced Theory and Practice in Sport Marketing is still the only text to introduce key theory and best practice at an advanced level. This new edition goes beyond the introductory marketing course by exploring advanced marketing theories related to social responsibility, global issues, information systems, consumer behavior, product management, logistics, sales, promotions, and social/digital/mobile media. New to the edition are sections on branding, destination marketing, and performance evaluation that demonstrate how to measure impacts through sport marketing and how to use analytics to determine sport marketing success. Every chapter contains extended case studies and theory-to-practice insights from marketing professionals around the world and a companion website includes an impressive array of additional teaching and learning resources. Advanced Theory and Practice in Sport Marketing goes further than any other textbook to prepare students for the real world of sport marketing. It is essential reading for any upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate course in sport marketing or sport business.

This book deals with the topic of mass customisation in sports and focuses on the sneaker market. In this context, this well known marketing tool is examined from the consumers point of view. Moreover, a short consideration from the producers point of view has been implemented. The main subject areas are the willingness to pay by consumers and the consumers confusion as well as the topic brand loyalty in combination with mass customisation in the sneaker market. For this reason, the literature on individualisation and mass customisation is firstly analyzed to subsequently discuss the market for mass customised sneakers. Later, a total of 23 research hypotheses are proposed and empirically tested. To achieve this goal, an online-based quantitative research study including 254 questionnaires was conducted. On top of this, a comparison between the consumer's and producer's point of view has been addressed. Results reveal that creating individuality is an important intention for consumers to purchase customised sneakers. This is also positively associated with a higher willingness to pay. Regarding consumer confusion, the present work clearly points out that consumers prefer transparent and clean interactions. From a brand loyalty standpoint, this study confirms that the effect on the brand loyalty from mass customisation does not depend on the existing brand loyalty. Beyond this research contribution, an interesting view concerning the practical application of these findings is also offered. Specifically, what needs to be done to improve the attractiveness of mass-customised sneakers? How can manufacturers increase the willingness to pay? What is crucial in strengthening brand loyalty through mass customisation?

NEW EDITION A sports agent. In its simplest form, a sports agent is an individual or company who represents a sportsperson. They try to get them a better contract, a better endorsement, a better sponsorship, a better deal. Nothing wrong with that, is there? Or is there? The problem, inevitably, is money. So much money now sloshing around in professional sport today. And human greed - which can lead to conflicts of interest...So How to be a Sports Agent is a practical and down-to-earth book that reveals the secrets behind the art of being not just a good sports agent, but a good, honest sports agent. It includes: Analysis of what it is to be an agent and how to ensure a watertight legal contract between the agent and his client. The regulation of agents in various sports, and how to comply. The difference between a good agent and a bad agent. Creation of playing contracts, particularly in regard to soccer, cricket and rugby and covers the most common pitfalls. Marketing, merchandising, licensing and sponsorship deals. How to negotiate them and how to draft them. The art of negotiation, and the balance between on and off pitch activities. The role of the lawyer as agent and adviser. Keeping the clients happy, getting new clients and keeping the clients happy when you have new clients.

Your site and facilities, whether a beautiful building, a welcoming camp setting, or a natural wilderness area, are a large part of what draws participants to your property. They are also your largest financial investment, so proper management of them is crucial. "Outdoor Site and Facility Management: Tools for Creating Memorable Places" is a comprehensive resource for staff, board members, management, and owners charged with the complex and challenging task of managing and maintaining properties. The book offers a step-by-step property management plan that will help you to provide the safe environment and positive atmosphere so important to creating memorable experiences for your participants.

Rather than focus on the technical skills of facility maintenance or site development, this book offers a broad perspective of property management. It introduces an integrated systems approach to the management of a variety of organizations, such as overnight and day camps, conference centers, outdoor learning centers, government parks, dude and guest ranches, commercial camp grounds, schools, not-for-profit organizations, and religious organizations. You'll have creative strategies to manage day-to-day operations, such as these:

-Planning and forecasting

-Board and administrator responsibilities

-Working with volunteers

-Natural resource management

-Hiring staff

-Budgeting and financial oversight

-Time management

-Record keeping

-Risk managementYou'll also find practical advice to help you make sound decisions and form solutions that are tailored to your unique property.

The book spends a chapter on each of the key components of property management and includes 48 practical tools, such as forms and checklists; practical techniques and examples; sample job descriptions; a glossary; and a list of the indicators of successful management discussed in the chapter.

The bound-in CD-ROM contains the following features:

-65 editable forms and checklists, including maintenance schedules, staffing needs charts, inspection forms, financial plans, feedback forms, and strategic planning

-A list of editable job descriptions that you can use for defining job responsibilities and establishing the hiring process

-A comprehensive list of resources, including Web sites, articles, and books, so you can easily find specialized information and local resources

With "Outdoor Site and Facility Management: Tools for Creating Memorable Places," you'll gain a complete picture of your property's physical, ecological, financial, and personnel assets. Most important, you'll discover the best way to manage your property and ultimately increase the equity of your assets and the marketability and long-term viability of your operation.

These seven precedent-setting case studies taken from the files of the Nevada Gaming Control Board and Commission illustrate vital issues addressed in the first decade of Las Vegas' megaresorts.