This booklet is intended as an insightful update on daily shoulder management closely based on the content of closed consensus meetings of the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) Upper Extremity Committee (UEC). Section A provides a comprehensive review of the currently available classifications and outcome scores for shoulder disorders, illustrating their potential pitfalls and limitations. The authors emphasize the need for standardization of shoulder assessment and propose two novel classifications that are expected to facilitate tailoring of management. Section B describes pioneering techniques to re-establish shoulder function after dislocation of the acromio-clavicular joint and covers surgical indications and decision-making criteria. Section C describes the current state of evidence concerning rotator cuff disorders, providing novel theories regarding the underlying biomechanics and reconstruction techniques.

Eccentric muscle contraction, during which a muscle lengthens while under tension, is a fundamental process of human movement but a surprisingly under-researched area of exercise science. Evidence suggests that training programmes which incorporate both eccentric and concentric contractions can result in greater strength gains than concentric contractions alone, and this clearly has important implications for training and rehabilitation in sport and health.

In Eccentric Exercise, leading international sport scientist Hans Hoppeler introduces the fundamental physiology and pathophysiology of eccentric muscle work, and explores the key applications of eccentric exercise in sport, rehabilitation and health. The book examines the molecular mechanisms responsible for tissue and organismic adaptations and discusses eccentric muscle-related pathology, specifically delayed onset muscle soreness. It assesses the use of eccentric exercise training in the treatment of certain disease states such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart insufficiency and sarcopenia, while a concluding chapter points to open research questions, shows the limits of the available data and highlights problems with current exercise modalities.

This book is important reading for all sport and exercise scientists, clinicians working in rehabilitation, and high-level strength and conditioning coaches and trainers.

Packed with research and exercises that support you to build your strongest body - at home or in the gym. Is it time to lose weight, tone and sculpt, gain muscle and speed up your metabolism? This book gives you practical advice on how to do just that. It also gives you valuable insight into how nutrition and exercise can improve your health. Inside the pages of this strength training book, you'll discover: - The physiology and benefits of strength training - Workout plans for beginners, enthusiasts, and personal trainers - The hard dietary science that debunks common myths and important information to properly fuel your body - Depictions of 33 exercises: how to perfect them, common mistakes, and the benefits of each In this book, author Austin Current takes readers through the science of strength training, weight loss, nutrition and overall health. The book looks at why many people fear strength training, why they shouldn't, and how they can incorporate it into their daily lives. Filled with CGI artworks and science-backed information, this exercise book will help you transform your body and improve your wellbeing. This book also includes full workout plans and over 100 individual exercises. You'll learn how your muscles engage at each stage, how to do movements with correct form and how to prevent injury, and shows you different variations for home and gym. This book is also packed with nutritional information and includes dietary advice for vegans and vegetarians. DK's Science of series dives into the science of various types of exercises such as weight training, running, and yoga. Each book discusses the benefits of the specific type of workout and how you can transform your outlook about health and fitness. How The Book Works The first section - human physiology - introduces you to the wonder that is skeletal muscle and the mechanisms that underpin strength training's demands on the body. It will help you understand how muscles work and grow, and how the resistance work stimulates muscles to develop strength and size, alongside its positive impacts on bones and connective tissue. It also explains how the body powers muscular work and shows you how to calculate your own daily macronutrient requirements. Lastly, you're given an overview of the benefits to the brain, and the crucial role it plays in attitude and mental health. The second section - strength exercises - is devoted to a comprehensive collection of strength training exercises to perform, along with many variations offered to compliment your available training equipment, personal preferences, and level of challenge - at home or in the gym. Each exercise displays the muscles being used throughout the movement with detailed instruction on how to achieve proper form and technique; common mistakes are covered, too. The third section - preventing injury - explores common injuries related to resistance training, with explanations on how to avoid them and how to return to training if you do suffer an injury. A consistent and structured routine, including a proper warm-up, prepares the body for work, and the various mobility exercises and stretches given will help you tune in to how your body is responding to the training. The final section - how to train - outlines everything you need to know about the variables of effective strength training, such as training volume and fatigue management. Whether you want to build muscle, strength, or endurance, you'll find an easy-to-follow program to suit, as well as alternatives for those wanting to workout more often. Then programs form the base of your training and can be adjusted in the months and years to come.

Through 145 clinically-relevant cases, Musculoskeletal Imaging Cases covers the full spectrum of imaging for this field. Part of the Cases in Radiology series, this book follows the easy-to-learn case format of question and answer, complete with concise summaries and a generous amount of top-quality images. Pathologies addressed in the cases include: arthritis, bone and soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions, infection, trauma, internal derangement of joints, metabolic and hematologic disorders affecting the MSK system, bone marrow, infection, and pediatric problems. Within their sections, cases appear in a random order for the beneficial self-assessment experience of the reading cases as unknowns. Musculoskeletal Imaging Cases is ideal for the resident preparing for the boards, or the radiologist in need of a quick review.

What is the role of exercise in maintaining good health and preventing metabolic disease, hypertension, cardiorespiratory disease, cancer, and obesity? What is the optimal exercise level to prevent such common diseases and conditions? These important questions were addressed and discussed by researchers, therapists, and physicians at the international symposium "Optimal Exercise for Preventing Common Diseases," held in Fukuoka, Japan, in July 1998, in conjunction with the Fukuoka University Research Center. This book compiles the papers presented at the symposium, giving state-of-the-art information that will be especially valuable to exercise physiologists, physical therapists, and those working in the field of sports medicine.

A classic textbook and a student favourite, Tidy's Physiotherapy aims to reflect contemporary practice of physiotherapy and can be used as a quick reference by the physiotherapy undergraduate, for major problems that they may encounter throughout their study, or while on clinical placement. Tidy's Physiotherapy is a resource which charts a range of popular subject areas. It also encourages the student to think about problem-solving and basic decision-making in a practice setting, presenting case studies to consolidate and apply learning. In this fifteenth edition, new chapters have been added and previous chapters withdrawn, continuing its reflection of contemporary education and practice. Chapters have again been written by experts who come from a wide range of clinical and academic backgrounds. The new edition is complemented by an accompanying online ancillary which offers access to over 50 video clips on musculoskeletal tests, massage and exercise and an image bank along with the addition of crosswords and MCQs for self-assessment. Now with new chapters on: Reflection Collaborative health and social care / interprofessional education Clinical leadership Pharmacology Muscle imbalance Sports management Acupuncture in physiotherapy Management of Parkinson's and of older people Neurodynamics Part of the Physiotherapy Essentials series - core textbooks for both students and lecturers! Covers a comprehensive range of clinical, academic and professional subjects Annotated illustrations to simplify learning Definition, Key Point and Weblink boxes Online access to over 50 video clips and 100's of dowloadable images (http://evolve.elsevier.com/Porter/Tidy) Online resources via Evolve Learning with video clips, image bank, crosswords and MCQs! Log on and register at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Porter/Tidy Case studies Additional illustrations

This is another classic contribution by Braune and Fischer to the field of biomechanics. The pendulum method was employed to ascertain ac curately the moments and radii of inertia of the human body and its different parts about all axes - transverse, oblique or longitudinal. This elegant method is described in detail, together with the results. Relations were found between the centres of inertia on one hand and the lengths and diameters of the body segments on the other. These data were originally prepared for the authors' later work, The Human Gait, to determine the forces exerted on and by the parts of the body during walking. Such work is the basis for solving the mechanical prob lems related to any movement of the human body: thus, the original results presented here continue to be of im mense value to current research and practice. Aywaille, May 1988 P. Maquet v Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Experimental Determination of the Moments of Inertia of the Parts of the Body About Axes Through the Centre of Gravity and at Right Angles to the Longitudinal Axis, and About the Longitudinal Axis Itself . . . . 11 First Series of Experiments. . . . . 16 Second Series of Experiments. . . . 25 Oscillations of the Trunk and Head System. 29 Oscillations of the Trunk Without the Head 30 Oscillations of the Head. . . 31 Oscillations of the Left Leg. . . . . . . . 31 Oscillations of the Left Thigh. . . . . . . 31 Oscillations of the Left Lower Leg and Foot System . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Oscillations of the Left Lower Leg . . ."

Pediatric Sports Medicine: Essentials for Office Evaluation is a clinically relevant reference presented in a question-and-answer format designed to be a primary resource for all pediatric providers and health care professionals who work closely with children or young adults with sports related injuries. Dr. Chris Koutures and Dr. Valarie Wong explore the topics most commonly asked pertaining to pediatric sports medicine, in a casual, yet informative manner. The unique format of this cutting- edge book provides a rapid reference and "quick look-up" for today's busy practitioner. Pediatric Sports Medicine: Essentials for Office Evaluation includes unique chapters such as key sports medical terms and phrases, how to take a sports medicine history, what imaging studies to order, and how to determine safe return to play for many medical and musculoskeletal concerns. Additional features include: * Information on pediatric sports medicine rehabilitation * Tips on specialty referral * Generous use of tables and figures * Pictures of labeled images and radiographs that highlight key landmarks and points of emphasis With contributions from many of the experts in the field, Pediatric Sports Medicine: Essentials for Office Evaluation is an easy-to- read resource for any medical practitioner, including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, residents, medical students, physical therapists, and athletic trainers, and many more, seeking to quickly expand their knowledge of pediatric sports medicine.

The measurement of cardio-circulatory and gas-exchange parameters during phy sical exercise - the so-called ergo spirometry or cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) - as a basis of pathophysiological and clinical research has a long tradition in Cologne. Knipping and his coworkers, especially Hollmann, performed basic re search work in healthy subjects. In the area of sports medicine, bicycle or treadmill exercise testing with parallel serial lactate determinations has gained increasing im portance for the assessment of cardiac functional capacity. Also, in other medical disciplines, ergospirometry lost its importance. K. Wasserman in Los Angeles is to be credited for having further improved the method to its present standard, a computerized, on-line measuring and practicable cardiopulmonary exercise testing procedure. The prerequisites were technical innovations, such as continuously measuring gas analyzers and personal computers. Thereby, the knowledge about physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical circumstances of cardiocirculatory and re spiratory regulation during exercise were significantly extended. The working groups of W. Hollmann, Cologne, and K. Wasserman, Los Angeles, determined normal values for the gas-exchange parameters and derived values for healthy normals in large populations. Wasserman and coworkers were able to introduce a differential diagnostic concept for patients suffering from various cardiovascular and cardio pulmonary diseases. Many cardiologists, working, for example in myocardial failure or with rate-adaptive pacemakers, belong to those who recommended the modem, computerized ergo spirometry. Furthermore, this method is controversely discussed* by colleagues working in sports medicine and pulmonary function.

Doping in sports and the fight against it has gained increasing attention in recent years. The pharmacological basis for a possible performance enhancement in competitive sport through the administration of prohibited substances and methods as well as the analytical disclosure of such practices are comprehensively covered in 21 contributions by outstanding and distinctive authors.

It is interesting to observe the evolution of medical education over the years. The massive textbooks of the past have almost disappeared except as works of library reference. In their place we now find an increasing number of publications which explore the detail of particular specialities and sub-specialities. Once the young surgeon has acquired his basic knowledge of surgery in general (as it is now called), postgraduate education, whilst seeking to maintain the general scientific and humanistic principles of surgery, is forced to provide specialised reference works in a whole variety of fields, amongst which the postgraduate will choose his own future interest. This tendency emphasises the importance of the Conference on Surgery of the Shoulder organised by Professor Kessel and his colleagues. This first inter national gathering of surgeons and others in related disciplines who are interested in the disorders of the shoulder was self-funded under the aegis of the Institute of Orthopaedics and University of London, and it is to be hoped that other Universities, hospitals and medical foundations will give maximal financial and moral support for further ventures of this kind. This volume places on record the concepts and practices of those interested in the injury and disease of the shoulder joint, and thus becomes a reflection of our knowledge in this field in the second half of the twentieth century."

In the scientific theory of sport science four major questions can be considered: (1) What is the function of science? (2) What is the body of knowledge of a scientific field? (3) What is the appropriate research methodology? (4) How are research results applied to the practical field? This publication structures the body of knowledge of German sportscience and focuses on the second question. Answers to the other questions are given implicitly within the articles relating to the specific subdisciplines of sport science.

Both the diagnosis and the current therapeutic possibilities of the shoulder joint and the subacromial space are described in explicit detail in this book. The anatomy of the shoulder joint from an arthroscopic viewpoint is also briefly described. The diagnostic part of the book gives a description of the individual structures in the glenohumeral joint as well as the subacromial space with regard to their pathologic changes, and special attention is focused on differentiating between healthy and pathologic struc tures. The therapeutic part gives a detailed description of the Bankart refixation methods successfully applied by the authors which include a suturing technique, a refixation technique using absorbable tacks and an extra-articular screw fixation technique; furthermore the techniques of subacromial decompression, the removal of calcium deposits and the resection of the lateral end of the clavicle are described in detail. From the discussion about the indications for arthroscopy and/or arthroscopic therapy, the book then goes on to convey information on positioning, draping, necessary instruments and, finally, the performing the arthroscopic intervention itself. Thus, all the details which are required for arthroscopy of the shoulder are given."

The need for greater international collaboration is becoming increas. ingly clear. Practically every nation or people has, in addition to its own characteristics and history, its own medical tradition. Methods and ways of thinking that are successfully established in one place may not be accepted in another for some time. The medical tradition and training in different countries can take quite different forms. What would our present knowledge be - Without the creative, spontaneous ideas and contributions from the romance countries? - Without the opportunity of research, as it is practised on a large scale in the USA, where so many young Europeans took their first steps in experimental science? - Without the conscientious clinical work done in Central Europe and the valuable experience gained there? - Without, finally, the sober and critical scientific approach, as fostered in the cool heads of Northern Europe for generations? None of these qualities is sufficient without the others, but together they are a source of strength. Ultimately, we hope, through sensible con centration of efforts (while maintaining variety), to overcome the lack of an integrated approach in experimental science and to prevent repetition of painful mistakes. In this regard, the first two ESKA congresses have brought us great advances."

As indicated in the Preface, the contributions to this volume are based upon the papers presented at the symposium on Thermoreceptors and Temperature Regula tion held in July 1988 at the Institute of Physiology of the University of Marburg (Federal Republic of Germany) to celebrate and commemorate the life and achievements of HERBERT HENSEL, who directed that Institute from 1955 until his death in 1983, and whose most notable and significant contributions to thermo physiology were in the areas of the properties and characteristics of thermo sensors, mammalian thermoregulation more generally, and the psychophysiology of ther mal sensation. All the papers in this volume deal, to a greater or lesser extent, with these discernibly different but closely allied aspects of mammalian physiology. The editors have sought to achieve cohesion, flow, and balance both in the contributed articles and in their order of presentation, without either large gaps or redundancies in the coverage of the recent advances in the understanding of thermoreceptors and thermoregulation. At the same time we have sought to avoid such a degree of editorial control as to destroy the individuality of the contributions, and the judgements upon which they were based. We have also sought to look both backwards and forwards, and to include some legitimate extension of the con sideration of thermosensitivity and thermoregulation into such areas as climatic adaptation and fever. Hence the "greater or lesser" of the closeness of this series of papers to HERBERT HENSEL'S scientific interests.

Comprehensive Manuals in Pediatrics are designed to broaden the prac titioner's clinical scope by providing a wide range of diagnostic and management skills ordinarily considered to be the exclusive domain of the specialists. Although the series as a whole constitutes a comprehen sive text in pediatrics, each volume stands on its own as a self-contained the busy practitioner. reference for In order to maintain a uniform style and coverage of each subject, each manual is usually written by no more than one or two authors. Each author is an acknowledged expert in his or her field and provides a comprehensive, up-to-date account of the topic under discussion. Practi cally oriented, each volume offers concise guidelines and courses of treatment. Michael Katz E. Richard Stiehm Preface Much knowledge has been generated in recent years by scientists investigating the triad: child-exercise-health. Yet little of this infor mation is available in pediatric textbooks, for application by the clinician. This book is intended to bridge the resulting gap."

Throughout the twentieth century, interest in sport has evidenced a major increase worldwide and a new field of sports medicine has emerged. Sport spectators hip has been stimulated in part by the increased ease of international travel and the intro duction of new means of communication. Interest in professional sports and in such events as the World Cup and the Olympic Garnes has never been higher and the general popularity of sports has drawn increasingly greater numbers of young people to sports participation. Interest in sports participation has been strength ened both by the provision of numerous sports facilities to populations throughout the world and the accumulating information base that relates regular participation in programs of sport and exercise to health enhancement. Along with in creases in interest and participation has corne a need for a better understanding of the physiological changes accompanying muscular activity and of the trauma that can result from both competitive sport and recreational exercise.

Within the field of general medicine, the last two decades have seen the curative procedures increasingly supplemented by func tions that can be summed up under the heading of "preventive health care." There is a close link between this development and the changing morbidity pattern. In highly developed countries the morbidity rate attributable to infectious diseases has been much reduced, while the various types of arteriosclerosis, some tumorous conditions, and so-called functional syndromes have attained massive incidence rates. Systematic epidemiologic studies have yielded the concept of risk factors, i. e., certain exogenous and endogenous factors whose elimination, ideally, would make it possible to avoid the manifestation of an illness or to ensure it did not become mani fest until later in life or in a milder form. The socioeconomic and sociomedical significance of these aspects is considerable, as can be seen from all the statistics on the reasons for incapacity and early retirement and on the relative contributions of different ill nesses to total mortality. Effective avoidance of illnesses by primary prophylaxis (elimi nation of the causes of disease) or early detection of the symp toms of disease (secondary prophylaxis) leading to early treat ment would be a particularly significant step forward, since in the case of most of the conditions mentioned above only pallia tive forms of treatment are available, and none that have any cu rative effect."

The hand commonly is considered to have exerted great influence on the evolution of typically human characteristics, like upright posture, stereoscopic vision, "manipulative" handling of parts of the environment. The German term "Begreifen", which is commonly used for the understanding of complex relationships in a generalised, abstract sense, always implies the original meaning of seizing objects with the aid of the hands. The hands are also of greatest importance for the survival of the other, non-human primates. Hands are absolutely essential for locomotion in an arboreal habitat, and the intake of food is dependant on the use of the hands as well: primates very rarely take in food directly with their mouths, in the wast majority of cases they seize food items with their hands. Even drinking is often performed by dipping the hand into the water and licking the drops from hand and forearm. An organ of such importance will very probably be "adapted" to its "function". This statement is made so often, that any further considerations seem superfluous. Nobody doubts, that the hands of primates are highly adaptive organs, the general form and internal structure of which are closely related to the necessities of life. However, if one tries to go beyond this general statement, he finds himself confront ed with several problems: First of all, a point which W. GUTMANN has emphasized repeatedly: according to the results obtained by genetics, the first thing to appear is the mutated character.

This book has been written in response to the many physicians and scien tists working on the development of biological approaches to providing therapies for many orthopaedic disorders as well as to improving the healing of many tissues of the musculoskeletal system. The first goal of this book is to make the language compatible between the bench scientist and the clinician working in orthopaedic and sports medicine in order to cover specific areas of the orthopaedic discipline where the treatment can be improved and/or changed by the advancements in molecular medicine. Advancements in molecular biology, which encompass the study of the genetic basis of disease, have produced new diagnostic methods and drug therapies for genetic diseases and acquired disorders. The growth in the understanding of human genetics has also led to the initiation of many human gene therapy experiments. Although many approved therapeutic clinical trials using this new technology have been performed in the last ten years, the first clinical trial using this technology in the area of orthopaedics was performed at the University of Pittsburgh."

Sonography is an ideal real-time imaging technique for the evaluation of muscles and tendons of the extremities, and this book is a useful reference for both the technique of examination and normal ultrasound anatomy. The first part considers technical aspects of the examination such as sonographic equipment, water-path systems, and dynamic maneuvers. The basic sonographic patterns of normal muscles, tendons, and other components of the extremities are then presented. Emphasis has been placed on pitfalls and artifacts. The other available imaging techniques for muscles and tendons are also discussed. The second part comprises an atlas of normal ultrasound scans of shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, and foot, with accompanying explanatory line drawings.

Apley & Solomon's Concise System of Orthopaedics and Trauma is firmly established as the leading introductory textbook of orthopaedic practice and the principles of fracture and trauma management. Praised in previous editions for the systematic approach, balanced content and easy-to-read style, this fifth edition has been brought fully up to date under the direction of the new and distinguished authorial team, while remaining true to the teaching principles of Alan Apley and his successor Louis Solomon. Key features: Focused - on diseases and clinical signs with additional detail on anatomy where appropriate International - enhanced coverage of 'global orthopaedics' reflect the changing pattern of musculoskeletal disease and trauma around the world Relevant - provides helpful guidance on simple procedures without unnecessary operative detail Readable - increased emphasis on concise presentation Current - updates reflect developments in molecular biology, genetics and imaging technology This fifth edition remains the first choice for medical students, trainee surgeons and other health professionals seeking a convenient introduction to this large and complex subject and is a natural precursor to the more detailed coverage offered by its larger parent, Apley & Solomon's System of Orthopaedics and Trauma.

Written by an international board of experts, this comprehensive text provides an in-depth review on the treatment and rehabilitation of the most common sports-related injuries according to the latest scientific developments in functional rehabilitation and the most clinically relevant features of pathophysiology of sports lesions. The management of acute and overuse sports lesions are classified by body area -- spine, upper and lower extremity.

This volume is the work product of an international group of authors who are experienced in the field of musculoskeletal allografts. The chapters are written by experts in many differing areas of allografting and represents the current knowledge in this rapidly changing dynamic field. The reconstructive community and their patients owe a significant debt of gratitude to Doctors Czitrom and Winkler for this volume. William F. Enneking, M. D. Preface What follows is the result of a timely project bringing together the newest ideas of top experts worldwide in a rapidly growing technology: Orthopaedic Allograft Surgery. The title of the book reflects a method rather than a speciality. It transgresses well established subspecialities of orthopaedic surgery such as joint replacement, oncology, spine, trauma and sports medicine. The technology encompasses knowledge of tissue banking, biology and biomechanics, both in a research and clinical sense. The common denominator for those interested is the need and ability to provide or use allogeneic tissues in orthopaedic applications. Inherent to a multiauthored text based on chapters written by authors from many parts of the world is a variety in format and style. While we tried to some extent reducing large discrepancies, there was no attempt made to eliminate dissimilar ities. We did not aim for a homogeneous textbook. Rather, we asked for originality, novelty, individuality in the presentation of data and concepts. Consequently, chapters vary in format from that seen in a scientific article to that of a descriptive essay."

How do mammals manage to maintain their body temperature within the same narrow range in environments as different as polar regions and hot deserts? This advanced text describes the morphological features and physiological mechanisms by which humans and other mammals maintain their body temperature within a narrow range despite large variations in climatic conditions and internal heat production. Its 19 chapters deal with the physics of heat exchange with the environment, and the autonomic and behavioural mechanisms available to control the loss and production of heat. The neuronal basis of temperature regulation and current concepts of the central nervous interface between temperature signals generated in the body and control mechanisms are examined in detail. This book is of invaluable help for undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers, physicians and scientists.