Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! Lippincott (R) Connect Featured Title Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott (R) Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments. Comprehensive and evidence-based, Foundations of Athletic Training, 7th Edition, integrates basic medical concepts and related scientific information to help readers develop a strong foundation in athletic training best practices. The text's practical, problem-solving approach to the prevention, recognition, assessment, management, and disposition of sports-related injuries and diseases helps students learn to think like practitioners. Fully aligned with the BOC competencies, the 7th Edition has been extensively updated, expanded, and reorganized to reflect the changing role of today's athletic trainer and includes a powerful suite of engaging learning tools to help students succeed. New chapters on Healthcare Administration, Leadership and Advocacy Professionalism, and Patient-Centered Care and extensively revised content throughout reflects the latest practices and helps you meet the challenges of today's healthcare environment. Application strategies offer step-by-step instructions on how to perform skills, conduct assessments, and teach injury prevention exercises. EMS alerts highlight emergency situations requiring immediate medical attention. Critical thinking scenarios and questions teach you to critically analyze information and apply decision-making knowledge and skills to problems presented. Full-color images and anatomical illustrations help you confidently locate key muscles, nerves, and blood vessels and recognize sports-related injuries and medical conditions. Application questions challenge you to apply what you've learned. Lippincott (R) Connect features: Full access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience. Carefully curated resources, such as interactive diagrams, audio and video tutorials, and self-assessment, all designed to facilitate further comprehension. Lippincott (R) Connect also allows users to create Study Collections to further personalize the study experience. With Study Collections you can: Pool content from books across your entire library into self-created Study Collections based on discipline, procedure, organ, concept or other topics. Display related text passages, video clips and self-assessment questions from each book (if available) for efficient absorption of material. Annotate and highlight key content for easy access later. Navigate seamlessly between book chapters, sections, self-assessments, notes and highlights in a single view/page.

Exercise Biochemistry, 2nd Edition translates a potentially difficult and technical subject into a clear explanation of how exercise affects molecular-level functioning. The text is written in a very conversational style making it an ideal resource for students. This new second edition has been significantly updated to include the latest research. It includes coverage of metabolism, endocrinology and assessment all in one volume. Other updates to this second edition include new chapters, examinations of caffeine as an ergogenic acid and up-to-date findings on how different types of exercise can affect lipid metabolism. To help with student learning, Exercise Biochemistry incorporates chapter objectives, summaries, key terms, sidebars and questions throughout. Split into four parts, the first section introduces students to biochemistry basics. The second part applies the basic to explore neural control of movement and muscle activity. The third section details exercise metabolism related to carbohydrates, lipids and protein. And, the final section covers biochemical assessment of people who exercise. Exercise Biochemistry, 2nd Edition is an authoritative resource that arms future sport and exercise scientists with a clear understanding of the effects of exercise on the function of the human body.

5 Stars! Doody's Review Service! (1st Edition Review) Preventing Sudden Death in Sport and Physical Activity, Second Edition examines the etiology, prevention, recognition, treatment, and return-to-play protocol of the common causes of sudden death in sport. Chapters are written by content area experts, offering a blend of clinical, scientific, and research expertise regarding each medical condition that is discussed. Sudden death on the field is a growing concern in sports and physical activity. This groundbreaking text arms readers with the knowledge and skills they need to make the correct decision when confronted with an emergency situation. Key Features: NEW! - Includes two new chapters, Developing Safety Policies for Organized Sports and Sports Law NEW! - Recently released NATA positioning statements have been incorporated into their four respective chapters: Heat Illness, Cervical Spine Injuries, Lightning, and Brain Injuries. UPDATED! - The Epidemiology chapter has been updated to include the 5 most recent years into the stats and information EXPANDED! - The traumatic injuries chapter has been extensively expanded, and now includes greater discussion on hemothorax, pulmonary embolism, and considerations for returning athletes who have sustained abdominal injuries

Can sports drinks improve the way you play and exercise? Athletes-both competitive and recreational-turn to the consumption of sports drinks to optimize their performance. A volume in the Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Series, Sports Drinks: Basic Science and Practical Aspects provides a review of current knowledge on issues relating to the formulation and consumption of these popular drinks. The only single volume that addresses these subjects, this text also covers in depth the science that underpins the physiological, biochemical and nutritional roles of the sports beverage.

For more than a decade, Sports Emergency Care: A Team Approach has filled a void in athletic training education on the subject of emergency care. Now, this updated Third Edition continues to pave the way to prepare athletic training students beyond traditional first aid training as well as providing specific information on emergency situations in sports for emergency medical services (EMS) professionals. In this updated Third Edition, Dr. Robb S. Rehberg and Dr. Jeff G. Konin, along with their 13 contributors, have created a resource that can be used in athletic training education programs as a core text in a sports emergency care course; a supplemental text in several courses that address immediate care within an athletic training education curriculum; and it can be used by EMS educators in developing continuing education programs for prehospital providers. Some of the topics included in the Third Edition: • Assessment of Sports Emergencies • Cardiovascular Emergencies • Management of Traumatic Brain Injury • Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries • Managing Mental Health Emergencies • Care of Athletes with Disabilities • Emergencies in Sports for the Aging Athlete Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional materials to be used for teaching in the classroom. Regardless of discipline, it is important for all health care providers caring for ill or injured athletes to be knowledgeable and proficient in managing sports emergencies. This ability can only be achieved through preparation and practice, and Sports Emergency Care: A Team Approach, Third Edition continues to be a groundbreaking text that gives access to the essential resources health care providers need to address sports emergencies. This includes but is not limited to athletic trainers, emergency medical technicians and paramedics, and physicians.

Indispensable for both surgeons and sports medicine physicians, DeLee, Drez, & Miller's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice, 5th Edition, remains your go-to reference for all surgical, medical, rehabilitation and injury prevention aspects related to athletic injuries and chronic conditions. Authored by Mark D. Miller, MD and Stephen R. Thompson, MD, this 2-volume core resource provides detailed, up-to-date coverage of medical disorders that routinely interfere with athletic performance and return to play, providing the clinically focused information you need when managing athletes at any level. Provides a unique balance of every relevant surgical technique along with extensive guidance on nonsurgical issues-making it an ideal reference for surgeons, sports medicine physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and others who provide care to athletes. Offers expanded coverage of revision surgery, including revision ACL and revision rotator cuff surgery. Features additional coverage of cartilage restoration procedures and meniscal transplantation. Provides significant content on rehabilitation after injury, along with injury prevention protocols. Includes access to a comprehensive video collection, with more than 100 videos new to this edition. Retains key features such as coverage of both pediatric and aging athletes; a streamlined organization for quick reference; in-depth coverage of arthroscopic techniques; extensive references; levels of evidence at the end of each chapter; and "Author's Preferred Technique" sections. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book looks historically at the harm that has been inflicted in the practice of sport and at some of the issues, debates and controversies that have arisen as a result. Written by experts in history, sociology, sport journalism and public health, the book considers sport and injury in relation to matters of social class; gender; ethnicity and race; sexuality; political ideology and national identity; health and wellbeing; childhood; animal rights; and popular culture. These matters are, in turn, variously related to a range of sports, including ancient, pre- and early industrial sports; American football; boxing; wrestling and other combat sports; mountaineering; horseracing; cycling; motor racing; rugby football; cricket; association football; baseball; basketball; Crossfit; ice hockey; Olympic sports; Mixed Martial Arts; and sport in an imagined dystopian future.

The fifth edition of the retitled Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries sharpens its focus on the treatment of sports injuries, providing the most complete evidence-based guide for physiotherapists, sports therapists and medical practitioners working with athletes. Opening with chapters that examine the underlying science of tissue healing and principles of rehabilitation, the book employs a systematic approach, with chapters covering each area of the body, from facial through to ankle and foot injuries. Every chapter includes in-depth discussion and guidance on the treatment of common sports injuries through physiotherapeutic modalities, drawing on the author's wealth of personal experience and the latest peer-reviewed research. A complete pedagogical resource, Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries is highly illustrated in full colour, and is an important text for students of sports therapy, physiotherapy, sport medicine and athletic training, interesting further reading for sport and exercise science or kinesiology students with an interest in sports injury, and a crucial reference for practicing physiotherapists and athletic trainers and the related disciplines.

Now in its eighth edition, this highly respected core textbook is essential reading for all healthcare students learning about the bones and joints of the body. The information is logically ordered and easy to read; comprehensive enough for students and health professionals alike, but not so dense as to be overwhelming. It covers the normal structure of bones and joints and goes on to provide an introduction to common fractures and pathology and how they appear on imaging. Bones and Joints is the perfect initial textbook, as well as a revision and refresher guide that will suit students of radiography, physiotherapy, osteology, sports medicine and nursing. Clear and concise introduction to the bones and joints and associated pathology Logically ordered - easy to follow and understand Provides a good introduction to image interpretation Clear identification of important or commonly misunderstood concepts Extensive glossary to help explain and develop terminology Online quizzes/tests to gauge learning and for revision Colour coded illustrations to aid understanding and learning Extensive clear line diagrams and fully updated radiographic/radiological images to reflect the role of current imaging modalities Revised fracture and pathology sections to include the most common and significant conditions that a student will face 'Insights' highlighting important concepts for the reader to understand New images identifying the ossification centres of the bones

This book establishes a bridge between exercise-mediated functional status of autophagy and non-communicable chronic diseases for elucidating and clarifying the corresponding signal pathways and underlying mechanisms. The book consists of 13 chapters focusing on the in-depth discussion on signal pathways for regulating the functional status of autophagy for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, the optimization of exercise intervention strategies for common and frequently-occurring chronic diseases, and the development of exercise mimetic pills for the persons with disability for exercise performance, or the persons without willing to exercise. This book is interesting and will be useful to a wide readership in the various fields of exercise science, exercise fitness, sports medicine, preventive medicine, and functional foods.

Athletic Training Student Primer: A Foundation for Success, Third Edition is a dynamic text that provides students with a foundation upon which they can build their athletic training knowledge and develop an authentic understanding of the rewards and challenges of the athletic training profession. The Third Edition of Athletic Training Student Primer: A Foundation for Success by Andrew P. Winterstein builds upon previous editions in providing a mix of foundational athletic training knowledge coupled with human interest information to help guide students in their decision-making process when contemplating a career. This Third Edition breaks the mold of other introductory athletic training texts by including answers to many ""real-life"" athletic training situations. The Third Edition is broken into four sections that cover all different aspects of the profession: Understanding athletic training Common injuries and conditions Planning, prevention, and care Preparing for success Further expanding the learning process, included with each new textbook purchase is access to a companion website with a variety of exciting features such as taping and bracing techniques, interactive anatomy animations, a glossary, flash cards, and quizzes. Updated Features Include: New injury spotlights for the upper and lower extremity and general medical conditions Updated information from athletic training students on keys to success New career spotlights from athletic trainers working in a broad range of career settings Updated information on historic changes in athletic training, including the upcoming transition to master's degree for professional preparation Updated web resources Additional resources for instructors Complete redesign of text layout and updated images Athletic Training Student Primer: A Foundation for Success, Third Edition is a must have for students taking the first step into a career in athletic training.

Are you a student who has made the exciting decision to become an athletic trainer? Are you a faculty member looking to share with your students lessons, tips, and examples of what they can expect from this challenging and rewarding profession? Are you a new clinician just beginning your career and looking ahead to many fulfilling years of working with athletes? Then True Stories from the Athletic Training Room is the perfect text for you. True Stories from the Athletic Training Room is a collection of 35 true-to life stories shared by certified athletic trainers from their work in industrial settings, high schools, colleges, professional teams, and sports medicine clinics. Brought together by Keith M. Gorse, Francis Feld and Robert O. Blanc, True Stories from the Athletic Training Room is organized by the five domains of athletic training: Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Protection Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis Immediate and Emergency Care Treatment and Rehabilitation Organizational and Professional Health and Well-being With this user-friendly organization, readers will be able to easily find examples of any true story they could imagine. Each story features the actual occurrence as it was told by the certified athletic trainer and gives the readers an opportunity to get a genuine feel of what the athletic training profession is really all about, with just a turn of the page. True Stories from the Athletic Training Room will provide athletic training students, faculty, and clinicians the closest thing to a crash-course by exposing them to a diverse array of true to life occurrences about the past and present of health care management in sports and active lifestyles.

'Dr Freeman is a man of great integrity and kindness. His care has helped me through the good times and the hardships of competing in the highest level of sport' - Sir Bradley Wiggins As team doctor for British Cycling and Team Sky, Dr Richard Freeman treated the world's most successful cyclists, such as Sir Chris Hoy and Sir Bradley Wiggins, Laura Trott and Victoria Pendleton. From 2009 until 2017, the 'Doc' was part of the team who became national heroes with Olympic and Tour de France victories. In The Line, Dr Freeman reveals the medical principles and practices that helped lead these athletes to success - ideas that we now consider commonplace, but many of which were in fact the Doc's own innovations. And in a sport where there's an ethical line as well as a finishing line, Dr Freeman gives a frank and open account in response to allegations of misuse of medical treatment to enhance performance. 'Without Dr Freeman, my career would have been shorter and less successful' - Liam Phillips, BMX World Champion

Qualitative research can provide a great depth of understanding for health professionals in practice. Although many general research texts used in health discipline research courses present a broad spectrum of research methods, their discussion of qualitative methods is often limited. Qualitative Research in the Health Professions by Drs. William A. Pitney, Jenny Parker, Stephanie Mazerolle Singe, and Kelly Potteiger, is a practical and straightforward text for those learning about qualitative research in the health professions. In Qualitative Research in the Health Professions, readers will acquire skills in mastering: • Introductory concepts of qualitative research, how it compares to quantitative research, and how to conceptualize a qualitative study • How to conduct a qualitative research study and present findings, including sections on collecting and analyzing data, ensuring trustworthiness of the data, and attending to ethical issues • Advanced concepts including various forms of qualitative research, how to mix quantitative and qualitative methods, and how to evaluate qualitative research Each chapter includes activities and exercises to further students’ understanding and the text also includes personal commentaries from scholarly practitioners in various health professions underscoring the value and importance of qualitative research. Qualitative Research in the Health Professions will help current and future practitioners master the principles of qualitative research, understand published qualitative studies, and apply these findings in furthering evidence-based practice.

Rehabilitation Techniques for Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, Seventh Edition is the definitive reference for athletic training students and professionals who are interested in gaining more in-depth exposure to the theory and practical application of rehabilitation techniques used in a sports medicine environment. Dr. William Prentice and his contributors have combined their knowledge and expertise to produce a single text that encompasses all aspects of sports medicine rehabilitation. Featuring more than 1,000 full-color illustrations, 700 high-resolution videos, and an integrated laboratory manual, this newly updated Seventh Edition provides the athletic trainer with a complete guide to the design, implementation, and supervision of rehabilitation programs for sport-related injuries. The Seventh Edition includes new and updated information on topics including: Pharmacology and the role of medication in pain management and performance Nutrition and its impact on rehabilitation Rehabilitation techniques for the core Roles within the rehabilitation team Pathomechanics and epidemiology of common injuries Psychological considerations and communication with injured patients Tips for documentation from Dr. Prentice Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional materials to be used for teaching in the classroom. Rehabilitation Techniques for Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, Seventh Edition is a comprehensive resource for athletic training students, faculty, and clinicians; physical therapists who manage rehabilitation programs for sports-related injuries; as well as for strength and conditioning coaches who supervise performance enhancement programs on return to play.

Functional training develops the attributes and abilities required to perform tasks, skills and activities useful and relevant to daily life. Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation serves as an accessible and visual guide providing the essentials of therapeutic exercise and rehabilitation, including mobilization, stabilization and myofascial release. This book begins by explaining functional training and the foundation of the STRIVE approach. Chapter 2 introduces functional anatomy and Chapter 3 explains the fundamentals of neuroscience. The final chapters discuss the STRIVE principles and apply them to exercise, program design and injury recovery. Each chapter includes key point boxes, illustrations and photos of exercises discussed. Written by an exercise specialist and osteopath, this practical guide is presented in an easy-to-read style. Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation is essential reading for all health professionals, sports therapists and trainers involved in exercise prescription.

Focusing exclusively on reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) techniques and devices, this plentifully illustrated text covers all aspects of this important and innovative treatment for shoulder pain and dysfunction. The book begins with a history of RSA followed by a thorough overview of the basic science and biomechanics of the shoulder. Indications for and clinical applications of RSA in a number of surgical interventions are then described, including the revision of failed shoulder arthroplasty, setting in cases of glenoid and humeral bone loss and rotator cuff tears. A whole section is then dedicated to various commercial devices with descriptive expert analysis of the design and implementation of each. An examination of the current economic value of RSA, including cost effectiveness and expected cost outcomes, comprises the final section. Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty can therefore be read either from start to finish, allowing orthopedic surgeons to appreciate the various perspectives offered, or by selecting specific topics of interest much like a "how-to manual" of either a particular device design or the treatment of a specific pathology.

As more internists and family physicians increase their scope to include sports medicine, this book reaches beyond the orthopaedic surgery market to provide a one-source reference for the treatment of both simple and complex sports-related injuries. For ease of use, the book is divided into the various anatomical sections: the forefoot, the midfoot, the hindfoot, the ankle, tendon disorders, and orthotics and braces - each enhanced by rehabilitation procedures and algorithms. It enables the physician to formulate a treatment plan and compare the various surgical and non-surgical options for a variety of injuries including: stress and other fractures, ankle instability, ruptures, sprain, ligament injuries, tendonitis, lesions, and neuropathies. The text is supported by copious illustrations, including 100 line drawings, 99 operative photos and a full-colour 4-page insert.

Knife in the Fast Lane charts the history of care for sportspeople from the expert view of a doctor and orthopaedic surgeon with over 40 years' experience. Bill Ribbans gives you the inside track on the life of a surgeon operating on some of sport's biggest names. From looking after world champions from eight different sports and Olympians with 27 medals between them, to having his actions scrutinised by millions at Twickenham, Bill's experiences are interwoven with fascinating, surprising and controversial subjects from the annals of sports medicine. The book explores the legal minefields and ethical dilemmas faced by medics in sport. It deals with current issues like concussion, depression, drug-taking and the dangers of sporting academies. It also asks whether the enormous resources poured into elite medical care have really reduced harm to athletes or made them so fit, fast and strong that it threatens their long-term health.

Two crucial components of a healthy life are nutrition and exercise. The importance of appropriate diet, food and nutrition are extremely important to be successful in sports, and, especially, in extreme sports. Extreme sport is an activity where a participant must demonstrate both mental and physical skills. This type of activity provides an adrenaline rush to individuals who are part of the "community of extreme sportsmen." Extreme sports provide opportunity for individuals to be active and fit with added enjoyment of partaking in a fun activity. Extreme sports in conjunction with proper nutrition helps to boost immunity and resistance against common infections. Studies have also exhibited that sports and exercise activities help in managing effective work-life balance as well. Extreme and Rare Sports: Performance Demands, Drivers, Functional Foods, and Nutrition provides a comprehensive treatise on extreme sports emphasizing the importance of nutrition and research-driven nutraceutical supplements in injury prevention and treatment. The book presents information on the nutritional requirements of sports activities on land, in water, or with high altitude-base. It covers a wide variety of definitions, philosophies, thoughts and practices involved with structurally diverse extreme sports. Features: Discusses specific food and nutritional requirements in extreme sports Provides information on the importance of functional foods, nutrition and structurally diverse phytonutrients for different sports Features information on Olympic and diverse extreme sports Details the importance of hydration and use of gelatin; skeletal muscle damage and recovery from eccentric contractions; and information on dietary supplements and antioxidants Presents analysis on growth, marketing, techniques, and future of extreme sports

Eccentric muscle contraction, during which a muscle lengthens while under tension, is a fundamental process of human movement but a surprisingly under-researched area of exercise science. Evidence suggests that training programmes which incorporate both eccentric and concentric contractions can result in greater strength gains than concentric contractions alone, and this clearly has important implications for training and rehabilitation in sport and health. In Eccentric Exercise, leading international sport scientist Hans Hoppeler introduces the fundamental physiology and pathophysiology of eccentric muscle work, and explores the key applications of eccentric exercise in sport, rehabilitation and health. The book examines the molecular mechanisms responsible for tissue and organismic adaptations and discusses eccentric muscle-related pathology, specifically delayed onset muscle soreness. It assesses the use of eccentric exercise training in the treatment of certain disease states such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart insufficiency and sarcopenia, while a concluding chapter points to open research questions, shows the limits of the available data and highlights problems with current exercise modalities. This book is important reading for all sport and exercise scientists, clinicians working in rehabilitation, and high-level strength and conditioning coaches and trainers.

Knowing where you'll begin after graduation can be unpredictable. That's why we've provided wisdom you won't find in any other Management text-practical business principles and perspectives for all types of clinical settings to help you prepare for wherever life may lead you. Walk through true stories of trials and triumphs as Catherine Page shows you how to create a personal business plan that will set you up for success-whether you decide to own a clinic or focus on direct patient care.

In order to achieve and maintain peak performance, high-level athletes require the right nutrition at the right time. Nutrition for Elite Athletes provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the nutritional requirements of athletes at the top of their game. Since researchers, clinicians, and graduate students work with certain populations of athletes, such as endurance athletes, and not single nutrients or metabolic systems, this book arranges topics by 1) athletic population and 2) nutrition /exercise interactions that reach across athletic sub-populations (such as recovery nutrition), instead of by nutrients or metabolic system. Bringing together the contributions of well-known experts from around the world, the book identifies the nutritional needs of endurance athletes, strength power athletes, team sport athletes, and weight class/aesthetic sport athletes. In addition to coverage of recovery nutrition and energy balance, the book: Reviews the foundations of energy metabolism Considers dietary supplements, food safety, and drug/nutrient/exercise interactions Examines hydration requirements for various types of athletes Explores how vitamins and minerals impact performance The book assumes an understanding of the terms discussed in introductory nutrition courses as well as an understanding of metabolic systems concepts taught in undergraduate nutrition and exercise physiology courses. By doing so, the authors are able to get right into detailing the nutritional needs of elite athletes. In addition to its appeal for dieticians, researchers, and clinicians working with elite athletes, this book is suitable for use as a textbook for upper-level exercise nutrition and metabolism courses.

With the constant flow of information related to sports nutrition coming from scholarly journals, it is difficult to sift through it all and determine what is relevant. Sports Nutrition: Enhancing Athletic Performance helps in this endeavor, with more than 1,000 references from top academic journals, offering critical knowledge concerning nutrient ingestion for enhancing exercise and sports performance. This book offers a clear focus on scientifically based sports nutrition advice to maximize performance. It also addresses exercise metabolism, which governs how nutrients exert physiologic effects that lead to increased athletic potential. The book examines the three key macronutrients: fat, carbohydrate, and protein. It discusses various aspects of macronutrient metabolism, including differences between a body at rest and during high-intensity exercise. Topics covered in the text include the following: Nutrient timing Leucine threshold to optimize muscle protein synthesis Carbohydrate manipulations for better endurance- and resistance-exercise performance Dietary fat intake recommendations for improving performance Carbohydrate loading strategies Optimal amounts of protein to ingest on a meal-by-meal basis Pre-exercise dietary fat intake strategies Comparison of high-quality proteins In addition to enhancing performance, the book describes how to improve body composition, presenting a scientifically based strategy for losing body fat while maintaining precious lean muscle mass. Four principles of fat loss are set forth that are integral for success in optimizing body composition. This book presents both performance nutrition principles and exercise biochemistry, addressing the key questions of what, when, and how much to ingest for improved performance and training recovery.

Temperature plays an important role in sports - regarding both the athlete's performance and health. However, until now, these effects, e.g. thermoregulatory mechanisms as well as the variations of body temperature during physical exertion have barely been considered. This book presents studies and results which prove that cold application has a positive influence on the athlete's performance and regeneration ability. Based on the results of international studies, and considering the control mechanisms and principles of thermoregulation, the effects of cold application should be utilized in training and competition.