An advanced exploration ofwater-rock interactions

Based on the author's fifteen years of teaching and tried-and-tested experiences in the classroom, here is a comprehensive exploration of water-rock interactions. "Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces from the Nanoscale to the Global Scale" covers aspects ranging from the theory of charged particle surfaces to how minerals grow and dissolve to new frontiers in W-R interactions such as nanoparticles, geomicrobiology, and climate change.

Providing basic conceptual understanding along with more complex subject matter, Professor Patricia Maurice encourages students to look beyond the text to ongoing research in the field. Designed to engage the learner, the book features: Numerous case studies to contextualize conceptsPractice and thought questions at the end of each chapterBroad coverage from basic theory to cutting-edge topics such as nanotechnologyBoth basic and applied science

This text goes beyond W-R interactions to touch on a broad range of environmental disciplines. While written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students primarily in geochemistry and soil chemistry, "Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces from the Nanoscale to the Global Scale" will serve the needs of such diverse fields as environmental engineering, hydrogeology, physics, biology, and environmental chemistry.

Since the publication of the first edition of Interfacial Phenomena, the interest in interfaces and surfactants has multiplied, along with their applications. Experimental and theoretical advances have provided scientists with greater insight into the structure, properties, and behavior of surfactant and colloid systems. Emphasizing equilibrium phenomena, flow, transport, and stability, Interfacial Phenomena: Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects, Second Edition presents a concise and current summary of the fundamental principles governing interfacial interactions. This new edition features updated and expanded topics in every chapter. It highlights key experimental techniques that have expanded the scope of our understanding, such as in mass transfer, microstructure determination in colloidal dispersions, and surfactant-polymer interactions. Interfacial Phenomena, Second Edition reflects the progress scientists have made in understanding the surface chemistry and interfacial dynamics of colloid and surfactant systems. The book also illustrates the growing applicability of these systems in a variety of fields including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, paints, agricultural chemicals, and foods.

A detailed understanding of the chemistry of surfaces and interfaces is required by many research personnel in the chemical and life science industries, as surfaces and interfaces play a critical role in many of the processes they seek to influence.
Surface Chemistry of Solid and Liquid Interfaces provides a concise and easily accessible introduction to this fascinating subject. With a smooth evolution of ideas from familiar physical chemistry principles, the student can develop a sophisticated understanding of the chemistry of surfaces and interfaces. The book is also highly relevant to new researchers in industry and newly emerging nanotechnology field who often encounter surface and interface chemistry and need to be conversant with the principles and investigative tools, without being specialists.

Advanced Chemistry of Monolayers at Interfaces describes the advanced chemistry of monolayers at interfaces. Focusing on the recent trends of methodology and technology, which are indispensable in monolayer science. They are applied to monolayers of surfactants, amphiphiles, polymers, dendrimers, enzymes, and proteins, which serve many uses.
Introduces the methodologies of scanning probe microscopy, surface force instrumentation, surface spectroscopy, surface plasmon optics, reflectometry, and near-field scanning optical microscopy. Modern interface reaction method, lithographic technology and different types of monolayers like adsorption, Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers at air/liquid, liquid/liquid, liquid/solid and air/solid interfaces, are all covered.
* Introducing novel methodologies and technologies
* Covering the different types of monolayers
* Discusses all currently available instrumental techniques for studying all types of monolayer

Surface Area and Porosity Determinations by Physisorption: Measurement, Classical Theories and Quantum Theory, Second Edition, covers the experimental method for measuring physical adsorption, various methods for analyzing the data obtained, and the theoretical background to these calculation techniques. This latest edition includes additional theoretical topics, such as the criterion to avoid theoretical anomalies, increased data on physical adsorption-including data on monolayers, and the important concept of the critical pressure for adsorption initiation. The experimental apparatus is also described, along with the various data analyses that yield surface area and porosity measurements and their analysis techniques. Modern techniques are also presented, such as the chi, disjoining pressure and DFT analysis methods, all of which yield realistic and consistent answers.

With principles that are shaping today's most advanced technologies, from nanomedicine to electronic nanorobots, colloid and interface science has become a truly interdisciplinary field, integrating chemistry, physics, and biology. Colloid and Surface Chemistry: Exploration of the Nano World- Laboratory Guide explains the basic principles of colloid and interface science through experiments that emphasize the fundamentals. It bridges the gap between the underlying theory and practical applications of colloid and surface chemistry. Separated into five chapters, the book begins by addressing research methodology, how to design successful experiments, and ethics in science. It also provides practical information on data collection and analysis, keeping a laboratory notebook, and writing laboratory reports. With each section written by a distinguished researcher, chapter 2 reviews common techniques for the characterization and analysis of colloidal structures, including surface tension measurements, viscosity and rheological measurements, electrokinetic methods, scattering and diffraction techniques, and microscopy. Chapters 3-5 provide 19 experiments, each including the purpose of the experiment, background information, pre-laboratory questions, step-by-step procedures, and post-laboratory questions. Chapter 3 contains experiments about colloids and surfaces, such as sedimentation, exploration of wetting phenomena, foam stability, and preparation of miniemulsions. Chapter 4 covers various techniques for the preparation of nanoparticles, including silver, magnetic, and silica nanoparticles. Chapter 5 demonstrates daily-life applications of colloid science, describing the preparation of food colloids, body wash, and body cream.

Description
Surface Alloys and Alloy Surfaces is concerned with the structural, compositional, electronic and chemical properties of the surfaces of solids in which the surface layers, at least are alloyed. Two different categories of system are covered - the surfaces of bulk alloys (alloy surfaces) and surface phases in which one or more outermost atomic layers are alloyed, while the underlying bulk involves no such intermixing (surface alloys).
Importance of Topic
The surfaces of bulk alloys have long been known to be of practical interest for their chemical properties. It has also long been known that the surface composition of such alloys commonly differs from that of the underlying bulk. However, our understanding of these chemical and physical phenomena is far from complete and the application of surface science methods to investigate these phenomena is a manifestation of a general trend to study the surfaces of increasing complexity. Surface alloy formation, as a much more recently recognized phenomenon deserves more attention.
Why This Title
This title is important as it provides new insights into a mixture of new and old problems. It is the first to cover the important mixture of material on surface alloys and alloy surfaces. Each chapter is written by experts in different areas of these two interrelated topics, covering theory and experiment, physics and chemistry, geometrical and electronic structure. The coverage of the surface alloy topic is especially novel as it is relatively newly-recognised as quite a common phenomenon.

This indispensable reference features the latest findings surrounding the physicochemical aspects of surfactant and polymer systems to facilitate the design and understanding of novel and advanced drug delivery formulations-highlighting the basics of surfactant and polymer surface activity and self-assembly, the various types of structures formed by such compounds, and how they may be used in drug delivery. Surfactants and Polymers in Drug Delivery discusses solubilization of drugs in micellar systems liquid crystalline phases formed by PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers and other copolymers and surfactants triggered drug-release from liposome formulations microemulsions formed by ionic and nonionic surfactants microemulsions in oral and topical administration emulsions in parenteral, oral, and dermal drug delivery gels formed by polysaccharides, block copolymers, and polymer-surfactant mixtures chemically cross-linked gels responsive polymer systems in drug delivery experimental techniques for studying drug delivery systems drying of aqueous protein solutions, polymeric two-phase systems, emulsions, and liposomes bioadhesion With nearly 500 references, tables and figures, Surfactants and Polymers in Drug Delivery will benefit surface, pharmaceutical, colloid, polymer, and medicinal chemists; chemical, formulation, and application engineers; and pharmacists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Volume 3, like the preceding volumes, focuses on the diversity of surfactants, both in terms of chemical structure and physico-chemical / surface active properties. These properties may be predictable for simple molecules but, for most commercial surfactants (which may be regarded as multi-component blends), this is not so easy. Yet it is important to develop a greater understanding of the interactions within a multi-component mixture, in order to select the most appropriate product for a particular application in which a combination of surface active properties is required.

A special feature of this volume is the initial chapter, in which the end uses of surface active agents are classified by industrial sector and the surfactant properties required for each application are presented in detail. The result is a unique guide to the influence of chemical structure on performance in end use, highlighting the benefits of particular surfactants and illustrating how some of the newer classes of surfactant may overcome the deficiencies of previously used products.

"Presents the latest research on the flow and structure of complex particulate sustemsions, the adsorption behavior of polymers, and the consolidation behavior and mechanical properties of films. Highlights recent advances in polymer functionality, conformation, and chemistry for biological, biomedical, and industrial applications."

This book covers major areas of modern Colloid and Surface Science (in some countries also referred to as Colloid Chemistry) which is a broad area at the intersection of Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Material Science investigating the disperse state of matter and surface phenomena in disperse systems. The book arises of and summarizes the progress made at the Colloid Chemistry Division of the Chemistry Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) over many years of scientific, pedagogical and methodological work.
Throughout the book the presentation of fundamental theoretical and experimental approaches and results is combined with discussion of general scientific basis of their role in nature and applications in various technological processes.

A discussion of the adsorption of inorganics from aqueous solution on inorganic adsorbents. It emphasizes the relationship between adsorption and surface charging, highlighting simple and complex adsorption systems sorted by the adsorbent as well as the adsorbate. The author includes a comprehensive collection of pristine PZC of different materials - covering crystallographic structure, methods of preparation, impurities in the solid, temperature and ionic composition of the solution, experimental methods to determine PZC, and the correlation between zero points and other physical quantities.

The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.

This book is the second volume in the Handbook of Surface Science series and deals with aspects of the electronic structure of surfaces as investigated by means of the experimental and theoretical methods of physics. The importance of understanding surface phenomena stems from the fact that for many physical and chemical phenomena, the surface plays a key role: in electronic, magnetic, and optical devices, in heterogenous catalysis, in epitaxial growth, and the application of protective coatings, for example. Therefore a better understanding and, ultimately, a predictive description of surface and interface properties is vital for the progress of modern technology. An investigation of surface electronic structure is also central to our understanding of all aspects of surfaces from a fundamental point of view. The chapters presented here review the goals achieved in the field and map out the challenges ahead, both in experiment and theory.

"Serves as a comprehensive introduction to the preparation, uses, and physical chemistry of silicone surfactants--focusing on silicone polyoxyalkylene copolymers that are surface active in both aqueous and nonaqueous systems. Covers applications in the manufacture of polyurethane foam, coatings, wetting agents, fabric finishes, and polymer surface modifiers."

Editors: V.B. Fainerman, G. Loglio, E.H. Lucassen-Reynders, R. Miller and P. Petrov

This monograph provides a comprehensive introduction into the fast developing research field of dynamic processes at liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces to postgraduate students, scientists and engineers interested in the fundamentals of non-equilibrium interfacial properties. It also addresses to some extent application fields, such as foams and emulsions. Theory and experiments on dynamic adsorption layers are considered systematically and discussed with respect to processes at interfaces.
It is both an introduction for beginners in the present field as well as a systematic preparation of a vast range of the current scientific investigations generalised, together with accumulated knowledge for those already being an insider. It is the first extensive review available on the subject of dynamics of adsorption and gives a general summary of the current state of adsorption kinetics theory and experiments. The book also reviews recent progress in new-designed set-ups and improved and generalised known methods for studying interfacial relaxations.

Explaining principles essential for the interpretation of data and understanding the real meaning of the result, this work describes carious methods and techniques used to characterize dispersions and measure their physical and chemical properties. It describes a variety of dispersions containing particles ranging from submicron sizes to aggregates and from hard particles to polymer latices.

Environmental considerations are increasingly shaping the development of many industries. This is an overview of surfactants and the environment. It goes on to look at new surfactants derived from renewable, "natural" resources such as sucrose, seaweed and starch. Other chapters review a decade of change in the surfactant industry and assess future market trends. Some of the developments in surfactant technology are presented, including "gemini" twin-chained surfactants, sulfobetaines, alkyl phosphates and the use of alkyl alkoxylates and alkyl glucosides in highly alkaline solutions. The volume takes a practical approach throughout.

The interfacial behaviour of surfactants and proteins, and their mixtures, is of importance in a wide range of areas such as food technology, detergency, cosmetics, coating processes, biomedicine, pharmacy and biotechnology. Methods such as surface and interfacial tension measurements and interfacial dilation and shear rheology characterise the relationships between these interfacial properties and the complex behaviour of foams and emulsions is established. Recently-developed experimental techniques, such as FRAP which enable the measurement of molecular mobility in adsorption layers, are covered in this volume. The development of theories to describe the thermodynamic surface state or the exchange of matter for proteins and protein/surfactant mixtures is also described.

Features of this book:

- Reflects the state-of-the-art research and application of protein interfacial layers rather than a snapshot of only some recent developments.

- Emphasis is placed on experimental details as well as recent theoretical developments.

- New experimental techniques applied to protein interfacial layers are described, such as FRAP or ADSA, or rheological methods to determine the mechanical behaviour of protein-modified interfaces.

- A large number of practical applications, ranging from emulsions relevant in food technology for medical problems such as lung surfactants, to the characterisation of foams intrinsic to beer and champagne production.

The book will be of interest to research and university institutes dedicated to interfacial studies in chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine and food engineering. Industrial departments for research and technology in food industry, pharmacy, medicine and brewery research will also find this volume of value.

This work covers topics ranging from fundamental studies of solubilization to practical technological applications of the phenomenon. It reviews the solubilization of organic materials into surfactant aggregates, including micelles, vesicles and admicelles. The book also details methods of measuring solubilization that utilize both classical and newer instrumental techniques. It is intended for physical, surface, colloid and surfactant chemists; chemical, environmental and civil engineers; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

As the first of its kind, this book provides a valuable introduction for scientists and engineers interested in liquid/fluid interfaces and disperse systems to the rapidly developing area of adsorption dynamics. It is the first extensive review available on the subject of dynamics of adsorption and gives a general summary of the current state of adsorption kinetics theory and experiments. Current progress in recently designed set-ups and improved and generalised known methods for studying interfacial relaxations is reviewed. In addition, the role of the electric charge of surfactants in the adsorption process is discussed in terms of a non-equilibrium distribution of adsorbing ions in the diffuse layer.

Present theories of the effect of dynamic adsorption layers on mobile surfaces, such as moving drops and bubbles, based on both diffusion and kinetic controlled adsorption models are described and efficient approximate analytical methods to solve the mathematical problem of coupling surfactant transport and hydrodynamics are introduced. The role of a dynamic adsorption layer in bubble rising, film drainage and film stabilisation and in complex processes such as flotation and microflotation is discussed.

Containing more than 1100 references, the book is essential reading for industrial scientists and graduate and post-graduate students in physical, surface and colloid chemistry, physico-chemical hydrodynamics, water purification and mineral processing.

This new edition of the Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry informs you of significant recent developments in the field. It highlights new applications and provides revised insight on surface and colloid chemistry's growing role in industrial innovations. The contributors to each chapter are internationally recognized experts. Several chapters represent new research areas while others provide updates on important areas of the field. Reduced in length, the new edition presents a more concise volume for quicker understanding of the physical principles necessary for application. It includes extensive references for understanding related phenomena, providing a reference point to broaden knowledge of theoretical and practical functions. It also illustrates surface and colloid chemistry's relevance in the struggle against global issues such as energy resources, environmental control, transportation, housing, biotechnology, health, medicine, drinking water, and food production. The Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Fourth Edition is an invaluable resource for staying informed on progress in the field. It keeps you current with theories and their applications to the development of technology so that you can find more effective solutions to vital problems facing us today and tomorrow.

Surface tension provides a thermodynamic avenue for analyzing systems in equilibrium and formulating phenomenological explanations for the behavior of constituent molecules in the surface region. While there are extensive experimental observations and established ideas regarding desorption of ions from the surfaces of aqueous salt solutions, a more successful discussion of the theory has recently emerged, which allows the quantitative calculation of the distribution of ions in the surface region. Surface Tension and Related Thermodynamic Quantities of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions provides a detailed and systematic analysis of the properties of ions at the air/water interface. Unifying older and newer theories and measurements, this book emphasizes the contributions of simple ions to surface tension behavior, and the practical consequences. It begins with a general discussion on Gibbs surface thermodynamics, offering a guide to his theoretical insight and formulation of the boundary between fluids. The text then discusses the thermodynamic formulae that are useful for practical experimental work in the analysis of fluid/fluid interfaces. Chapters cover surface tension of pure water at air/water and air/oil interfaces, surface tension of solutions and the thermodynamic quantities associated with the adsorption and desorption of solutes, and surface tension of simple salt solutions. They also address adsorption of ions at the air/water interface, surface tension of solutions and the effect of temperature, adsorption from mixed electrolyte solutions, and thermodynamic properties of zwitterionic amino acids in the surface region. Focusing on the thermodynamic properties of ions at air/fluid interfaces, this book gives scientists a quantitative, rigorous, and objectively experimental methodology they can employ in their research.

The third volume in a series dedicated to colloids and interfaces, Drops and Bubbles in Contact with Solid Surfaces presents an up-to-date overview of the fundamentals and applications of drops and bubbles and their interaction with solid surfaces. The chapters cover the theoretical and experimental aspects of wetting and wettability, liquid-solid interfacial properties, and spreading dynamics on different surfaces, including a special section on polymers. The book examines issues related to interpretation of contact angle from nano to macro systems. Expert contributors discuss interesting peculiarities, such as the phenomena of super-spreading and super-hydrophobicity. They discuss specific solid surfaces-for example, reactions and wetting of liquid metals at high temperatures-and the interaction between nano-bubbles at solid surface and nano-particles at liquid interfaces. The book also includes a chapter on electro-wetting. Given the range of topics covered in this volume, the state-of-art content is useful to readers looking for an introductory overview as well as those looking for in-depth exploration of material related to the interaction of fluids with solid surfaces. It is a valuable contribution to the field of characterization of solid surfaces and can be used as a working tool or to stimulate further study for researchers and students.