Borne out of the current widespread interest in the pollution of water bodies, this book explores the latest research concerning the photochemical fate of organic pollutants in surface water. Considering both the functioning of ecosystems and the behaviour of emerging pollutants in those ecosystems, it is dedicated to techniques that can be used in the field and in the laboratory for the detection of pollutants and of their transformation intermediates. The inclusion of photochemical processes that have not gained previous coverage will afford the reader novel insights, whilst the focus on modelling and transformation intermediates will ensure the title's relevance to academics, the chemical manufacturing industries and environmental assessment experts alike.

Surfactants (surface-active-agents) are amphiphilic organic compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two different phases. Surfactants and emulsifiers, including personal hygiene, cosmetic products, toothpaste, and many other pharmaceutical by-products, resemble part of our daily routine basic activities. The market for surfactants and emulsifying products is therefore huge and demands are ever increasing. This book provides new research on the occurrences, applications and provides new research on biosurfactants.

In this exciting new title all aspects of nanoalloys are explored, including synthesis, characterisation, theory and simulation, property measurements and technological applications. Nanoalloys are of great interest due to their unique structures and properties which are distinct from those of the pure elemental clusters. They are used in a wide range of applications and their chemical and physical properties can be tuned by varying composition, atomic ordering, or clusters. This book will be of interest to academics working at the interfaces between chemistry, materials, physics and nanoscience, and to those working in the nanotechnology, catalysis and optoelectronics areas of industry.

With development of implants and in vivo detection devices comes the complication of the interaction between the materials used in the devices and biological fluids. This book examines these interactions causing fouling in biosensors and the serious issue of thrombus formation. The chemistry of surface-protein and surface-cell interactions is considered, the coatings and strategies re the avoidance of fouling are compared and the expert contributors provide a comprehensive look at the physical chemistry of the implant surface and the fouling problem. Finishing with a discussion of the future for surface modified biosensors in point-of-care devices and microfluidic technologies, this book provides an important addition to the literature suitable for professional researchers in academia and industry and postgraduate students.

The efficient utilisation of energy at low heat source temperature is a key issue for both industry and academia. In recent years, the heat-activated adsorption cycles are proven to be practical and energy efficient method for converting low-temperature waste heat into useful effects such as cooling, freezing, heating, storage and desalination and this is reflected by the dearth of literature publications. The adsorption technology would steer towards the key development of heat activated machines for the energy industry and they could offer cost-effective solutions for achieving energy efficiency and environment sustainability. This edited book covers the state-of-the art of adsorption research and technologies for relevant applications with the objectives of energy efficiency and sustainability. It consists of fifteen chapters from renowned experts in adsorption fields around the world covering the aspects of adsorption fundamentals, adsorbent materials characterisations, adsorption cooling, storage, and heat pump systems. This book examines new research directions in this frontier field.

This book presents leading-edge research on colloids and surface science and spans a wide range of topics including biological interactions at surfaces, molecular assembly of selective surfaces, role of surface chemistry in microelectronics and catalysis, tribology, and colloidal physics in the context of crystallisation and suspensions; fluid interfaces; adsorption; surface aspects of catalysis; dispersion preparation, characterisation and stability; aerosols, foams and emulsions; surfaces forces; micelles and microemulsions; light scattering and spectroscopy; nanoparticles; new material science; detergency and wetting; thin films, liquid membranes and bilayers; surfactant science; polymer colloids; rheology of colloidal and disperse systems; electrical phenomena in interfacial and disperse systems.

This volume chronicles the proceedings of the "9th International Symposium on Particles on Surfaces: Detection, Adhesion and Removal" held in Philadelphia, PA, June 2004. The study of particles on surfaces is crucially important in a legion of diverse technological areas, ranging from microelectronics to biomedical to space. This volume contains a total of 21 papers covering many ramifications of particles on surfaces, ranging from detection to removal. All manuscripts were rigorously peer-reviewed and revised, and properly edited before inclusion in this book. The topics covered include: imaging and analysis of macro and nanosize particles and surface features; determination of particles on surfaces; laser inactivation on surfaces; laser-assisted nanofabrication on surfaces; post-CMP cleaning process; pre-gate cleaning; solar panel obscuration in the Martian atmosphere; adhesion and friction of microsized particles; microroughness of textile fibers and capture of particles; factors affecting particle adhesion and removal; various techniques for cleaning or removal of particles from different substrates including laser, combination of laser-induced shockwave and explosive vaporization of liquid, attenuated total internal reflection of laser light, CO2 snow, use of dense phase fluids, use of surfactants and impinging air jet; and removal of sub-100-nm particles.

This new book covers the physics and chemistry of surfaces. The scope includes the structure, thermodynamics, and mobility of clean surfaces, as well as the interaction of gas molecules with solid surfaces. The energetic particle interactions that are the basis for the majority of techniques developed to reveal the structure and chemistry of surfaces are explored including auger electron spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, inelastic scattering of electrons and ions, low energy electron diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, and interfacial segregation. Crystal nucleation and growth are also considered. Principles such as adsorption, desorption and reactions between adsorbates are examined, with coverage also of new developments in the growth of epitaxial, and Langmuir-Blodgett films, as well as treatment of the etching of surfaces. Modern analytical techniques and applications to thin films and nanostructures are included. The latest in-depth research from around the world is presented.

When a biomaterial is placed inside the body, a biological response is triggered almost instantaneously. With devices that need to remain in the body for long periods, such interactions can cause encrustation, plaque formation and aseptic loosening on the surface. These problems contribute to the patient's trauma and increase the risk of death. Electrical properties, such as local electrostatic charge distribution, play a significant role in defining biological interactions, although this is often masked by other factors. This book describes the fundamental principles of this phenomenon before providing a more detailed scientific background. It covers the development of the relevant technologies and their applications in therapeutic devices such as MRSA-resistant fabrics, cardiovascular and urological stents, orthopaedic implants, and grafts. Academic and graduate students interested in producing a selective biological response at the surface of a given biomaterial will find the detailed coverage of interactions at the nanometre scale useful. Practitioners will also benefit from guidance on how to pre-screen many inappropriate designs of biomedical devices long before any expensive, animal or potentially risky clinical trials. Enhanced by the use of case studies, the book is divided in to four topical sections. The final section is dedicated to the application of related topics making the book unique in its pragmatic approach to combining high end interdisciplinary scientific knowledge with commercially viable new technologies. Contributing to the newly emerging discipline of 'nanomedicine', the book is written not only by experts from each relevant specialty but also by practitioners such as clinicians and device engineers from industry.

Adsorption is the basis of various emerging technologies that will be essential for addressing the problems of technologies that will be essential for addressing the problems of energy conservation and environmental protection.This volume reviews recent progress and outlines the outlook for future development in adsorption theories, kinetics, pressure swing adsorption, SMB, and new nanoporous adsorbents. The contributions cover the fundamental knowledge and methodologies for adsorption experiments and calculations regarding equilibria, heat effects, adsorbent structural modeling, diffusion measurement, and selectivity control.The volume also includes topics concerning hydrogen storage, desulfurization of fuels, and chiral separation. The contributors are internationally renowned scholars in the field of adsorption.

A detailed treatment of information relating to fluid-oxide interfaces. It outlines methods for quantifying adsorption and desorption of polymeric and non-polymeric solutes at the gas- and solution-oxide interfaces. It also analyzes novel properties of oxide membranes and the synthesis and dissolution of oxide solids.

This book describes preparation techniques of protein-based surfactant s (PBS) in the laboratory by a variety of chemical and enzymatic means, production by using different types of amino acids, and marketplace applications of PBS in medical and personal care products, detergents, cosmetics, antimicrobial agents, and foods.

An examination of the theoretical foundations of the kinetics and thermodynamics of solid-liquid interfaces, as well as state-of-the-art industrial applications, this book presents information on surface and colloidal chemical processes and evaluates vital analytical tools such as atomic force microscopy, surface force apparatus measurements, and photon correlation spectroscopy.

This volume presents computer simulation methods and mathematical modelling of physical processes used in surface science research. It offers in-depth analysis of advanced theoretical approaches to behaviours of fluids in contact with porous, semiporous and nonporous solid surfaces. The book also explores interfacial systems for a wide variety of phenomena, including: absorption, flotation, osmosis, and colloidal stability.

Meticulously prepared, this reference offers an overview of achieved in gas-solid (G/S), liquid-solid (L/S), and gas-liquid (G/L) adsorption research. It emphasizes the interpretation and application of various hypotheses, providing mathematically and thermodynamically accurate assessments. The book covers how to calculate mono- or multilayer adsorption, the structure of an adsorbed layer, the kinetics of each process, changes in free energy of surface, and exact isotherm equations when measuring a G/L, G/S, or L/S isotherm. Other topics include rare-gas adsorption, "supercritical region" isotherms, hydrophobic solid-water interfaces, and more.

With principles that are shaping today's most advanced technologies, from nanomedicine to electronic nanorobots, colloid and interface science has become a truly interdisciplinary field, integrating chemistry, physics, and biology. Colloid and Surface Chemistry: Exploration of the Nano World- Laboratory Guide explains the basic principles of colloid and interface science through experiments that emphasize the fundamentals. It bridges the gap between the underlying theory and practical applications of colloid and surface chemistry. Separated into five chapters, the book begins by addressing research methodology, how to design successful experiments, and ethics in science. It also provides practical information on data collection and analysis, keeping a laboratory notebook, and writing laboratory reports. With each section written by a distinguished researcher, chapter 2 reviews common techniques for the characterization and analysis of colloidal structures, including surface tension measurements, viscosity and rheological measurements, electrokinetic methods, scattering and diffraction techniques, and microscopy. Chapters 3-5 provide 19 experiments, each including the purpose of the experiment, background information, pre-laboratory questions, step-by-step procedures, and post-laboratory questions. Chapter 3 contains experiments about colloids and surfaces, such as sedimentation, exploration of wetting phenomena, foam stability, and preparation of miniemulsions. Chapter 4 covers various techniques for the preparation of nanoparticles, including silver, magnetic, and silica nanoparticles. Chapter 5 demonstrates daily-life applications of colloid science, describing the preparation of food colloids, body wash, and body cream.

This book presents the latest research on adsorption science and technology. It serves as an excellent reference for research in areas such as fundamentals of adsorption and ion exchange (equilibria and kinetics), new materials, adsorption characterization, novel processes, energy and environmental processes. Readership: Engineers and researchers in adsorption and separation science; research students in chemical engineering and physical chemistry.