In recent years, with the advent of fine line lithographical methods, molecular beam epitaxy, organometallic vapour phase epitaxy and other experimental techniques, low dimensional structures having quantum confinement in one, two and three dimensions (such as ultrathin films, inversion layers, accumulation layers, quantum well superlattices, quantum well wires, quantum wires superlattices, magneto-size quantizations, and quantum dots) have attracted much attention not only for their potential in uncovering new phenomena in nanoscience and technology, but also for their interesting applications in the areas of quantum effect devices. In ultrathin films, the restriction of the motion of the carriers in the direction normal to the film leads to the quantum size effect and such systems find extensive applications in quantum well lasers, field effect transistors, high speed digital networks and also in other quantum effect devices. In quantum well wires, the carriers are quantized in two transverse directions and only one-dimensional motion of the carriers is allowed.

High resolution helium atom scattering can be applied to study a number of interesting properties of solid surfaces with great sensitivity and accuracy. This book treats in detail experimental and theoretical aspects ofthis method as well as all current applications in surface science. The individual chapters - all written by experts in the field - are devoted to the investigation of surface structure, defect shapes and concentrations, the interaction potential, collective and localized surface vibrations at low energies, phase transitions and surface diffusion. Over the past decade helium atom scattering has gained widespread recognitionwithin the surface science community. Points in its favour are comprehensiveunderstanding of the scattering theory and the availability of well-tested approximation to the rigorous theory. This book will be invaluable to surface scientists wishing to make an informed judgement on the actual and potential capabilities of this technique and its results.

Heterogeneous catalysis has been essential to the development of efficient chemical processes for more than a century, and this field has been traditionally part of the solid state chemistry and surface science communities. The design of better catalysts has raised the following questions: "what is the structure of the active sites?" and "how to control their nature?" The necessary need to develop more sustainable chemical processes and the success of homogeneous catalysis relying on molecular organometallic chemistry has led the community of molecular chemists to investigate the preparation of single-site heterogeneous catalysts. The authors discuss the molecular design, the preparation, the characterisation and the catalytic applications of well-defined oxides and metal particles. The readers will acquire a molecular understanding of heterogeneous catalysis, which will help them develop a critical view and which will attract them to study this fascinating field.

This third edition has been thoroughly revised and updated. In particular it now includes an extensive discussion of the band lineup at semiconductor interfaces. The unifying concept is the continuum of interface-induced gap states.

This book, based on the analogy between contact mechanics and fracture mechanics proposed by the author twenty years ago, starts with a treatment of the surface energy and tension of solids and surface thermodynamics. The essential concepts of fracture mechanics are presented with emphasis on the thermodynamic aspects. Readers will find complete analytical results and detailed calculations for cracks submitted to pressure distributions and the Dugdale model. Contact mechanics and the contact and adherence of rough solids are also covered.

The Chemistry and Physics of Coatings provides an introduction to the science underpinning the paint (organic coatings) industry to graduate level chemists who may have no previous knowledge of polymer-based technologies. This book stresses important physical phenomena such as rheology, film formation, and mechanical properties, their exploitation in paint, and the economic and legislative background against which coatings technology is tested. Attention is given to the chemistry of the polymers, pigments, and solvents that compose typical coatings, and the complex 'science and art' of formulating them effectively. The book also aims to give insights into the commercial application of the chemistries described, and includes a glossary of industry and polymer-related terms. Revised and updated, this second edition has been expanded to include separate chapters on binders for high solids and solvent-free coatings, inorganic and hybrid coatings and coatings formulation. There is also a new section on coatings additives. The Chemistry and Physics of Coatings will be of particular interest to graduates of materials and polymer sciences and related areas. It will also appeal to undergraduates, lecturers and those in the paint industry. Extracts from reviews of 1st Edition "... readable and surprisingly comprehensive ... In short this is an excellent book, which I recommend without hesitation." Journal of Materials Chemistry "..an informative and thoroughly recommended volume." Polymer International

Advances In Smart Coatings And Thin Films For Future Industrial and Biomedical Engineering Applications discusses in detail, the recent trends in designing, fabricating and manufacturing of smart coatings and thin films for future high-tech. industrial applications related to transportation, aerospace and biomedical engineering. Chapters cover fundamental aspects and diverse approaches used to fabricate smart self-healing anti-corrosion coatings, shape-memory coatings, polymeric and nano-bio-ceramic cotings, bio-inspired and stimuli-responsive coatings for smart surfaces with antibacterial activkity and controlled wettability, and electrically conductive coatings and their emerging applications. With the emphasis on advanced methodologies and recent emerging applications of smart multifunctional coatings and thin films, this book is essential reading for materials scientists and rsearchers working in chemical sciences, advanced materials, sensors, pharmaceutical and biomedical engineering.

This volume presents the acomplishments of over 85 internationlly renowned scientists whose work was influenced by Professor Wasan's groundbreaking research on interfacial phenomena at The Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.

A practical guide for ensuring a defect-free coating and drying process

For professionals in the coating and drying industry, the world is a demanding place. New, technically complex products such as fuel cell membranes, thin film batteries, solar cells, and RFID chips require coatings of extreme precision. With the bar raised so high, understanding how to troubleshoot and eliminate defects on a coating line is an essential skill for all personnel.

Coating and Drying Defects, Second Edition provides manufacturing and quality control personnel, equipment operators and supervisors, and plant engineers and scientists with the full complement of proven tools and techniques for detecting, defining, and eliminating coating defects and operating problems, and for ensuring that they do not recur.

Updating the valuable contents of the first edition, this practical Second Edition: Describes all major processes for coating and drying of continuous film on sheets or webs Covers technologies that have been recently developed to prevent defect formation and improve operating procedures Provides a rational framework within which to assess and analyze virtually any defect that may arise Offers step-by-step guidelines for conducting every phase of the troubleshooting process, including defect prevention

Going beyond simply describing a disparate set of troubleshooting techniques, this unique guide arms readers with a systematic, nonmathematical methodology encompassing the entire coating operation, becoming an indispensable resource for manufacturing and quality-control personnel as well as plant engineers, polymer scientists, surface scientists, organic chemists, and coating scientists.

This volume documents the proceedings of the "International Symposium on Surface Contamination and Cleaning, held in Newark, New Jersey, May 23-25, 2001.
Because of the importance of this topic in many technological areas, tremendous efforts have been devoted to devise novel and more efficient ways to monitor, analyse and characterize contamination on surfaces as well as ways to remove such contamination from a wide variety of surfaces. The technological areas where surface contamination has always been a bete noire and thus surface cleaning is of cardinal importance are too many and range from aerospace to microelectronics to biomedical.
This volume contains a total of 24 papers, all rigorously peer reviewed and revised before inclusion, which deal with all kinds of contaminations on a host of surfaces. The topics covered include: mapping of surface contaminants; various techniques for cleaning surfaces; various techniques for monitoring level of cleanliness; acceptable cleanliness levels; ionic contamination; pharmaceutical cleaning validations; cleaning of glass surfaces; decontamination of sensitive equipment; no-chemistry process cleaning; waterjet cleaning; cleaning with solid carbon dioxide pellet blasting; cleanroom wipers; dust removal from solar panels and spacecraft on Mars; laser cleaning of silicon surfaces; particle removal; implications of surface contamination and cleaning; and future of industrial cleaning and related public policy-making.

The most important aspects of modern surface science are covered. All topics are presented in a concise and clear form accessible to a beginner. At the same time, the coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level, with emphasis on the fundamental physical principles. Numerous examples, references, practice exercises, and problems complement this remarkably complete treatment, which will also serve as an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners. The textbook is idea for students in engineering and physical sciences.

This book proposes a radically new approach for characterizing thermophysical and mechanical properties of zeolite-based adsorbent coatings for Adsorptive Heat Transformers (AHT). It presents a developed standard protocol for the complete characterization of advanced coated adsorbers. Providing an in-depth analysis of the different procedures necessary for evaluating the performance of adsorbers, it also presents an analysis of their stability under the hydrothermal and mechanical stresses during their entire life cycle. Adsorptive Heat Transformers (AHT), especially adsorption chillers and heat pumps, are considered to be promising technologies to increase thermal energy efficiency. Nevertheless, an overall increase in performance of this apparatus is necessary for them to be considered a mature technology to be used commercially. Development of innovative coated adsorbers can be perceived as a key issue for the enhancement of AHT technology. This procedure relies on the deposition, either by means of a binder or by direct crystallization, of the adsorbent material over a metallic heat exchanger, aiming at the improvement of the heat transfer between the external heat source and the adsorbent itself. This book offers a valuable resource to those working on the development of novel adsorbent materials and advanced adsorbent beds for heating and cooling applications. It is also intended for researchers interested in renewable energy and energy efficiency.

This guide to the use of surface analysis techniques, now in its second edition, has expanded to include more techniques, current applications and updated references. It outlines the application of surface analysis techniques to a broad range of studies in materials science and engineering. The book consists of three parts: an extensive introduction to the concepts of surface structure and composition, a techniques section describing 19 techniques and a section on applications. This book is aimed at industrial scientists and engineers in research and development. The level and content of this book make it ideal as a course text for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in materials science, materials engineering, physics, chemistry and metallurgy.

Covers the latest developments in modeling elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problems using the finite element method (FEM) This comprehensive guide introduces readers to a powerful technology being used today in the modeling of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problems. It provides a general framework based on the finite element method (FEM) for dealing with multi-physical problems of complex nature (such as the EHL problem) and is accompanied by a website hosting a user-friendly FEM software for the treatment of EHL problems, based on the methodology described in the book. Finite Element Modeling of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Problems begins with an introduction to both the EHL and FEM fields. It then covers Standard FEM modeling of EHL problems, before going over more advanced techniques that employ model order reduction to allow significant savings in computational overhead. Finally, the book looks at applications that show how the developed modeling framework could be used to accurately predict the performance of EHL contacts in terms of lubricant film thickness, pressure build-up and friction coefficients under different configurations. Finite Element Modeling of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Problems offers in-depth chapter coverage of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and its FEM Modeling, under Isothermal Newtonian and Generalized-Newtonian conditions with the inclusion of Thermal Effects; Standard FEM Modeling; Advanced FEM Modeling, including Model Order Reduction techniques; and Applications, including Pressure, Film Thickness and Friction Predictions, and Coated EHL. This book: Comprehensively covers the latest technology in modeling EHL problems Focuses on the FEM modeling of EHL problems Incorporates advanced techniques based on model order reduction Covers applications of the method to complex EHL problems Accompanied by a website hosting a user-friendly FEM-based EHL software Finite Element Modeling of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Problems is an ideal book for researchers and graduate students in the field of Tribology.

Roberto Piazza says: Physics should be made simple enough to be amusing, but not so trivial as to spoil the fun. This is exactly the approach of this book in making the science of soft matter relevant to everyday life things such as the food we eat, the plastic we use, the concrete we build with, the cells we are made of.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its Application presents a unified view of the rapidly growing field of STM, and its many derivatives. A thorough discussion of the various principles provides the background to tunneling phenomena and leads to the many novel scanning-probe techniques, such as AFM, MFM, BEEM, PSTM, etc. After having examined the available instrumentation and the methods for tip and surface preparations, the monograph provides detailed accounts of STM application to metal and semiconductor surfaces, adsorbates and surface chemistry, biology, and nanofabrication. It examines limitations of the present-day investigations and provides hints about possible further trends. This second edition includes important new developments in the field.

Providing a detailed survey of renewable raw materials for paints, inks and glues, this book is ideal for researchers and practitioners working in the areas of green chemistry, industrial chemistry and sustainability. Beginning with a brief history of coatings and adhesives, this book walks the reader through the chemistry, properties, sourcing and processing of a number of renewable raw materials, including lipids, natural resins, proteins, and carbohydrates. Their use in a range of recent developments and concepts from material protection, to decorative paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants is highlighted, providing the reader with a complete and modern foundation to the field.

Medical Coatings and Deposition Technologies is an important new addition to the libraries of medical device designers and manufacturers. Coatings enable the properties of the surface of a device to be controlled independently from the underlying bulk properties; they are often critical to the performance of the device and their use is rapidly growing. This book provides an introduction to many of the most important types of coatings used on modern medical devices as well as descriptions of the techniques by which they are applied and methods for testing their efficacy. Developers of new medical devices and those responsible for producing them will find it an important reference when deciding if a particular functionality can be provided by a coating and what limitations may apply in a given application. Written as a practical guide and containing many specific coating examples and a large number of references for further reading, the book will also be useful to students in materials science & engineering with an interest in medical devices. Chapters on antimicrobial coatings as well as coatings for biocompatibility, drug delivery, radiopacity and hardness are supported by chapters describing key liquid coating processes, plasma-based processes and chemical vapor deposition. Many types of coatings can be applied by more than one technique and the reader will learn the tradeoffs given the relevant design, manufacturing and economic constraints. The chapter on regulatory considerations provides important perspectives regarding the marketing of these coatings and medical devices.

This book will have the recent information on the developments in the emerging field of environmental-friendly coatings. Crucial aspects associtaed with coating research will be presented in form of the indivudual chapters. Close attention will be paid to include essential aspects that are necessary to understand the porperties and applications of the novel materials. Different methods and techniques of synthesis and charcaterization will be detailed as individual chapters. It will also discuss the characterization techniques used in the area of such coatings. there will be chapters that descirbe the current status and future prospects. The topics will be selected so they are easy to understand and useful to new scholars as well as advanced learners. No book has been written on this subject so far.

The explores the cutting-edge technology of polymer coatings. It discusses fundamentals, fabrication strategies, characterization techniques, and allied applications in fields such as corrosion, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical systems and electronics. It also discusses a few new innovative self-healing, antimicrobial and superhydrophobic polymer coatings. Current industrial applications and possible potential activities are also discussed.

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are experiencing a rapid development in many aspects, like real-space atomic-scale imaging, atomic and molecular manipulation, nano-fabrication, etc. , which will have a profound impact not only in every field of research, but also on everyday life in the twenty-first century. The common efforts of researchers from different countries and fields of science can bring complementary expertise to solve the rising problems in order to take advantage of the nanoscale approaches in Materials Science. Nanostructured materials, i. e. materials made with atomic accuracy, show unique properties as a consequence of nanoscale size confinement, predominance of interfacial phenomena and quantum effects. Therefore, by reducing the dimensions of a structure to nanosize, many inconceivable properties will appear and may lead to different novel applications from na- electronics and nanophotonics to nanobiological systems and nanomedicine. All this requires the contribution of multidisciplinary teams of physicists, chemists, materials scientists, engineers and biologists to work together on the synthesis and processing of nanomaterials and nanostructures, und- standing the properties related to the nanoscale, the design of nano-devices as well as of new tools for the characterization of nano-structured materials. The first objective of the NATO ASI on Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Technological Applications was to assess the up-to-date achie- ments and future perspectives of application of novel nanostructured materials, focusing on the relationships material structure ? functional properties ? possible applications.

This volume documents the proceedings of the "Second International Symposium on Adhesion Aspects of Polymeric Coatings held in Newark, New Jersey, May 25-26, 2000. Since the first symposium, held in 1981, there had been tremendous research activity relative to the adhesion aspects of polymeric coatings.
Polymeric coatings are used for a variety of purposes. Irrespective of the intended purpose of the coating, it must adequately adhere to the underlying substrate, otherwise delamination and other undesirable phenomena occur. So the need to understand the factors which influence adhesion of polymeric coatings and to control it to a desirable level is quite patent.
This volume contains a total of 13 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh.
The topics covered in this book include: factors influencing adhesion of polymeric coatings; ways to improve adhesion; formation and relevance of interphase in practical adhesion; adhesion/cohesion in painted plastics; imaging of polymer surfaces; effect of substrate residue (smut) on coating process; surface treatment of metals and glass by silanes; surface modification of polyphenylene sulfide plastics; resin bonding in dentistry; measurement of internal stresses in polymeric coatings; effect of steel surface composition on adhesion of paint; wet adhesion of coatings on wood; and modified tape test to measure adhesion of coatings.

Within this work electrochemical processes for manufacturing of novel silicon solar cells are investigated. Direct plating of Ni and Al on n- and p-silicon is demonstrated by making use of solar cell characteristics. Homogenous Ni/Cu stacks are realized for bifacial and back contact solar cells, forming an excellent mechanical and electrical contact to silicon. For metallization of HIT solar cells, the plating behavior on ITO layers is studied. Additionally, plating processes on evaporated Al layers are developed and applied to back contact solar cells. By means of process optimization the plated metal stack on Al features sufficient adhesion and increases the lateral conductivity of the metal grid resulting in increased solar cell efficiency. An advanced metallization route for back contact solar cells which purposefully utilizes the different characteristics of the deposited metals (Al, Ni, Cu) is developed. The resulting metal stacks are characterized in detail using SEM, EDX and AES methods. Besides plating processes, local oxidizing processes for Al are established and combined with printing technologies to realize the metal contact separation for back contact solar cells.

This is the first volume of a four volume set of the Comprehensive Guide for Nanocoatings Technology. Nanocoatings are a kind of thin film with at least one nanometric dimension. The main difference between nano and ordinary coatings is in their structure and properties. To recognise these differences, it is required to study the properties and structure of nanocoatings. The properties of every substance are controlled by their constituents. In this regard, properties of coatings depend on the constituent grains and particles. The chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of nanocoatings including their electrical resistance, permeability, corrosion and abrasion resistance, and magnetic properties, which are a function of structure and particle size of coatings. It is evident that use of these features creates many potential applications. This volume mainly discusses the deposition and growth mechanism of nanocoatings. There are 16 chapters in this volume; each one includes examples of these interesting materials, supported by appropriate figures for better clarification.

This is the second volume of the four volume set for the Comprehensive Guide for Nanocoatings Technology. This volume mainly discusses the characterisation and reliability of nanocoatings. There are 16 chapters in this volume; each one includes examples of these interesting materials, supported by appropriate figures for better clarification.