This Acta Neurochirurica supplement distills the accomplishments of the Joint Convention of the Academia Eurasania Nuerochirurgica and the German Academy of Neurosurgery held in Bamberg, Germany from Sept. 1-3 2005. The main focus is "Medical Technologies for Neurosurgery," including: imaging, image processing, robotics, workflow analysis and ethics. Coverage extends from an overview of medical technologies, to robotic-assisted systems in neurosurgical operating rooms, to intraoperative MRI.

Biomaterials associated infection (BAI) is one of the most common complications associated with implantation of any biomaterial regardless of form or function. These infections usually involve bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the biomaterial itself, rendering the infection impervious to antimicrobials and host defenses. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that infection of the surrounding tissues also plays an important role in BAI, and that the infection may be influenced by the composition and design of the implanted biomaterial. In this book, worldwide leaders in the field address this critical problem in the translation of biomaterials research into clinical practice. The book begins with an emphasis on the latest research in the pathogenesis of BAI from microbiological, immunological, and materials science perspectives. The current state of the art in antimicrobial activation of biomaterials through surface modification and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents is then discussed. In the concluding chapters, successful translation of a selection of antimicrobial technologies from preclinical research into clinical use is described alongside a discussion of the utility of these devices and perspectives for future development. This book is essential reading for researchers and clinicians who are interested in understanding the fundamentals of BAI, the latest in antimicrobial materials research, and the state of the art in clinically available antimicrobial containing medical devices.

Today, over 500,000 patients have been treated world wide in 250 Gamma Knife Centres in 37 countries each one treating between 150 and 700 patients a year. The current book serves as a textbook, training manual and reference book for those involved in Gamma Knife practice covering the theoretical background, the practical aspects of treatment, the social side of the method and necessary information not only for users but for those who refer to the Gamma Knife. It also covers some aspects of the hospital and social administration required for optimal use of the technology, also looking at the effect of the internet on specialist medical practice. It also presents the completely new Gamma Knife (Perfexion), a new technology which extends the range of the Gamma Knife and will be the treatment standard for the future.

Creating clinical guidelines is a modern trend. Published studies pertaining to a given theme are collected, their credibility evaluated, and then treatment options in the form of evidence-based guidelines are offered. There are a number of guidelines for the treatment of thyroid tumors that have established positions in clinical practice in North America and in Western European countries. In Japan, however, where radioisotope facilities are of limited availability, treatment plans for differentiated thyroid cancer differ considerably from those of America and Europe, and the associated clinical guidelines need modification before they can be adopted. In addition, although thyroid tumor is a common disease in endocrine practice, its management can differ even among specialists. Thus, a Japanese clinical guideline for the treatment of thyroid tumor was desired by many clinicians. As a combination of evidence-based and consensus-based guidelines for the treatment of thyroid tumor, this book offers alternatives to conventional approaches in the West. Ultimately, the authors hope the guideline will lead to the best possible treatment for patients all over the world in the not-distant future.

As the population ages, clinicians are facing an increasing number of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. These patients pose unique challenges as they have more comorbidities and lower functional reserves. In addition, the treatment goals may differ from those in younger patients. This book discusses in depth the different aspects of management of colorectal cancer in the elderly. After the provision of pertinent background information on the normal physiology of aging, screening and diagnosis are discussed. Subsequent chapters focus on a range of issues associated with the surgical and perioperative care of these patients and with adjuvant treatment and palliative care. Each chapter provides helpful take-home messages in bullet point form, and numerous informative figures and tables are also included. The authors are surgeons, physicians, anesthetists, geriatricians, oncologists, and allied health professionals with extensive experience in the field.

Microsurgery for Fertility Specialists is an invaluable resource for physicians who specialize in the surgical treatment of male and female infertility. This practical text explains the basics of microsurgery and provides detailed operative descriptions of surgical procedures such as vasectomy reversal, sperm retrieval, tubal reanastomosis, and penile surgery. An exceptional cadre of reproductive specialists shares valuable knowledge of the current state of microsurgery, its role in infertility procedures, and the latest advances in the field --including some non-infertility microsurgical techniques. The book is an essential educational guide for those with a more advanced knowledge of microsurgical practice as it includes chapters that will help them mentor residents and fellows, and inspire future generations of reproductive surgeons.

Biomechanics applies the principles and rigor of engineering to the mechanical properties of living systems. This book integrates the classic fields of mechanics--statics, dynamics, and strength of materials--using examples from biology and medicine. Fundamentals of Biomechanics is excellent for teaching either undergraduates in biomedical engineering programs or health care professionals studying biomechanics at the graduate level. Extensively revised from a successful first edition, the book features a wealth of clear illustrations, numerous worked examples, and many problem sets. The book provides the quantitative perspective missing from more descriptive texts, without requiring an advanced background in mathematics. It will be welcomed for use in courses such as biomechanics and orthopedics, rehabilitation and industrial engineering, and occupational or sports medicine.

Bone health is one of the most widely discussed topics in pediatric nutrition. Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is essential, and other factors also play a significant role. Bone Health in Children explores the recent decades of research and public commentary on the subject, debunks popular myths, and clarifies the often confusing and contradictory scientific literature. Presenting practical and theoretical education and advice, the book provides rational and accessible information geared to a wide audience of individuals interested in this critical element of pediatric health. Highlights include: The Institute of Medicine process by which Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are developed Iron, calcium, and vitamin D requirements for infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women Controversy over high-dose vitamin D supplementation and pregnancy Detailed explanation of the scientific research process related to human nutrition The nonbone health aspects of vitamin D and why literature claims about this topic can be misleading Frequently Asked Questions regarding nutrition with answers in short format Providing a solid understanding as to how dietary guidelines are developed and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of their underlying data, this volume answers practical questions crucial for choosing diets for children while also delving into the more theoretical aspects of conducting and interpreting medical research.

The first book dedicated explicitly to the care of elderly patients with rheumatic diseases, this comprehensive resource is a practical guide for navigating the medical concerns of these complex patients. While patients over 65 years of age comprise roughly 15% of the population, they consume about 50% of rheumatology resources. This book presents current clinical practices with an eye toward achieving economically sustainable models of care. The world's leading authorities have come together to cover the full spectrum of rheumatic diseases, the immune system in aging, and ultrasound evaluation and arthrocentesis. The book also addresses the milieu of co-morbidities that the clinician may encounter with an older patient, as well as the accompanying concerns about multiple pharmacologic therapies and drug interactions. Bringing in experts from a wide array of subspecialties, the editors present the essentials of multidisciplinary care, an approach which is the hallmark of geriatrics and which naturally translates into the field of gerontorheumatology. Designed for primary care physicians and rheumatology consultants, Geriatric Rheumatology is an invaluable guide to caring for this rapidly growing patient population.

One of the greatest challenges for mechanists is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, biomedical sciences, and medicine. The proposed workshop will provide an opportunity for computational biomechanics specialists to present and exchange opinions on the opportunities of applying their techniques to computer-integrated medicine. These are peer-reviewed proceedings of the workshop affiliated to a major international research conference (Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2010 in Beijing) dedicated to research in the field of medical image computing and computer assisted medical interventions. The list of subjects covered include: medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, injury mechanism analysis, implant and prostheses design, medical robotics.

Cataract Surgery: Maximizing Outcomes Through Research provides cataract surgeons with helpful information about cataract operations based on the latest fundamental and clinical research. This book comprehensively covers a wide range of topics from the basic principles of each treatment to today's hot topics such as femtosecond laser application, cataract surgery, and new intraocular lenses (IOLs) with accommodating or light-adjustable function. Detailed cutting-edge discussion is provided in each chapter with the addition of diagrams, photographs, and tables to help readers better understand the subject. Authored by leading international experts, the book covers topics from preoperative evaluations to postoperative care including evaluation of accommodation and pseudo-accommodation, glistening and visual function, the eye's image quality with a premium IOL, IOL power calculations, pupil size and postoperative visual function, posterior capsular opacity, corneal astigmatism, femtosecond laser techniques, and more. Cataract Surgery: Maximizing Outcomes Through Research is the perfect book for cataract surgeons and general ophthalmologists who wish to update their knowledge and make use of it in their everyday medical practice.

Functional Electromyography: Provocative Maneuvers in Electrodiagnosis integrates electrophysiology further into the physical examination than ever before. It introduces the use of electrodiagnostic studies to quantify the neurological changes brought about by three provocative maneuvers commonly used in contemporary medicine. This widens the scope of electromyography while sharpening physicians' diagnostic acuity. The book presents nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and H-reflex techniques to identify common conditions that are difficult to diagnose by any other means, often using the needle exam (EMG), MRI or musculoskeletal ultrasound to verify their clinical utility. Functional electromyography successfully diagnoses some cases of thoracic outlet syndrome, nearly all cases of piriformis syndrome, and offers a method for determining whether spinal stenosis or radiculopathy is the main pain generator when both are present in a single patient, even at the same level. This is particularly valuable because the standard conservative and surgical treatments for these two conditions are opposite, in spite of the identical symptom-set they produce. The book carefully describes each technique and persuasively documents their validity in statistical series and individual case presentations. It further guides the attentive electromyographer to adapt these methods to cases beyond those presented in its pages, suggesting a safe and scientific approach to other functional maneuvers of value to the electromyographer, and methods for validating one-time measures that may aid the electromyographer in clinical situations that are neither common nor easily analyzed. Hand drawn illustrations are included alongside text developed by experts in the field. An invaluable resource for physiatrists, neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, specialists in pain management and other providers, Functional Electromyography: Provocative Maneuvers in Electrodiagnosis represents a major contribution to the field of electrodiagnosis.

The book contains 48 articles presented at the 11th International Conference on Cerebral Vasospasm held in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, in July 2011. This collection of papers represents a cross-section of the enormous progress that has been made towards a thorough understanding and effective treatment of neurovascular events following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, including cerebral vasospasm. It is of interest to clinicians who wish to apply state-of-the-art knowledge to their management of this devastating condition and to basic scientists wishing to expand their understanding of cerebrovascular and neural pathophysiology related to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The prevention of colorectal cancer is a subject of increasing medical importance, and there have been a number of promising recent developments. This book examines in detail important aspects of the current status and future prospects for chemoprevention of colorectal tumors. Research into the mechanisms that lead from early colorectal adenoma to colorectal cancer is discussed. The role and modes of action of available drugs such as celecoxib and sulindac are described, and recent data from aspirin trials are analyzed. In addition, the possible impact of nutritional agents with anti-inflammatory properties is considered, and strategies applicable in those with a high level of genetic risk are evaluated. An important feature of the book is its holistic perspective, making it relevant for gastroenterologists, internists, general practitioners, oncologists, colorectal and gastroenterological surgeons, and public health practitioners.

The focus of this book is on mechanical aspects of skeletal fragility related to aging and osteoporosis. Topics include: Age-related changes in trabecular structure and strength; age-related changes in cortical material properties; age-related changes in whole-bone structure; predicting bone strength and fracture risk using image-based methods and finite element analysis; animal models of osteoporosis and aging; age-related changes in skeletal mechano responsiveness; exercise and physical interventions for osteoporosis.

Since Bailey and Cushing (1926), all brain tumor classifications have been called histogenetic. The nosographic position that the tumor types progressively acquired in the classification systems derived from the resemblance of tumor cells to those of the cytogenesis, modified whenever new information became available from different biological research fields and especially from molecular genetics. Classically, on the basis of the rough correspondence between the mature/immature aspect of tumor cells and the benign/malignant biological behavior of the tumors, the histological labels contained a prognostic significance. The supposed origin of the tumors was thus a factor for prognosis. Later on, with the concept of anaplasia (Cox, 1933; Kernohan et al., 1949) new criteria were introduced for establishing the malignancy grades of tumors. Immunohistochemistry and later molecular genetics further refined the prognostic diagnoses, substantially increasing the opportunities to recognize the cell origin of tumors, beside revealing the pathogenetic mechanisms. Prognoses became more accurate, as required by the greater and more targeted possibilities of therapy.

This book brings together the world's leading authorities on tumor immunology. This book describes the basic immunology principles that form the foundation of understanding how the immune system recognizes and rejects tumor cells. The role of the innate and adaptive immune responses is discussed and the implications of these responses for the design of clinical strategies to combat cancer are illustrated.

A comprehensive review of all known immune mechanisms for medically important fungal pathogens from the organ perspectives of the human body. This authoritative guide is organized by organ system, as one particular fungus can have several different effects.

Though kidney transplantation is considered a routine procedure, there are still significant challenges in post-transplant management. Core Concepts in Renal Transplantation is a clinically focused authoritative guide to the management of kidney transplantation. This comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference summarizes the recent changes in the field of transplantation, offering the complete range of up-to-date information on all the various aspects of basic immunobiology and the medical care of the transplant recipient. Written by a team of renowned authorities in renal transplantation, this concise resource is intended for both the nephrologist and the non-specialist with an interest in kidney transplantation.

In this issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Michael T. Lawton brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Update on Open Vascular Surgery. The field of open vascular neurosurgery has undergone significant change as endovascular technologies have advanced and endovascular market share has grown. In this issue, top experts in the field explore various responses to these trends, providing valuable information to neurosurgeons aspiring to stay current with contemporary management of aneurysms, brain arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, and bypass techniques. Contains 15 practice-oriented topics including wide neck and bifurcation aneurysms: balancing open and endovascular therapies; application of big data in vascular neurosurgery; rethinking cerebral bypass surgery; AI, machine learning and cavernous malformations; the transcavernous approach in vascular neurosurgery; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on open vascular surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Perioperative Medicine for the Junior Clinician is the first easy-to-read resource, featuring a digital component, on how to manage a diverse range of patients in the perioperative period, providing up-to-date practical knowledge and advice from a broad range of medical specialists caring for surgical patients. Perioperative Medicine for the Junior Clinician provides a guide to perioperative care, covering principles and practices of care; risk assessment; laboratory investigations; medication management; specific medical conditions and complications; postoperative care and pain management. It also features bite-size videos explaining the key concepts, as well as case studies, investigations and quizzes. Ideal for final year medical students and junior clinicians, this digital and print resource will be an invaluable tool when working in this multidisciplinary, team-based specialty. Perioperative Medicine for the Junior Clinician: * Is based on a sell-out course run at the Alfred Hospital and Monash University in Melbourne, Australia * Is a practical resource available in a flexible and portable content * Features bite-size videos which further explain concepts in the written text, and clinically relevant case studies, all found on the companion website * Is structured around guidelines and protocols The video materials, case studies, self-assessment quizzes and fully explained answers can be viewed on the companion website at www.wiley.com/go/perioperativemed

This book examines the interaction between nano tools and nano materials. It explains the use of appropriate tools in surgery for a variety of applications and provides a complete description of clinical procedures accompanied by photographs. Coverage also presents the latest developments in surface coatings technology such as chemical vapor deposition for use on complex cutting tools for biomedical applications.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is an age-old problem. The original description of g- trointestinalbleedingmayhavebeenfromGalenandhisworkconnectingdyspepsia andmelanoticstool. Thechangesinourmanagementofgastrointestinalbleeding overthecenturieshavebeendrivenbynaturalalterationsinthespectrumofdiseases, expanding our understanding of these diseases and the never ending advances in technologyandpharmacologythathaveoccurredrelativetoGIdiseases. Academic interestingastrointestinalbleedingpeakedinthelasthalfofthetwentiethcentury withtheexpandingroleofsurgery,thediscoveryofacid-basedpepticulcerthe- pies,andtheriseof?exibleendoscopyandculminatedinthedescriptionofh. pylori as a causative agent for ulcer disease. More recently there has been a decrease incidenceinbleedingdiseasesofthegutandthereforeadecreasinginterestinthe scholarlywritingaboutthesediseases. Therehasnotbeenamajortextbookwritten aboutgutbleedinginover10yearsandthereforetheintentionofthistextbookisto ?llthatvoidbyprovidingareviewofacomprehensiveapproachtouppergut,mid, andlowergutbleeding. CliniciansatDukeUniversitywhohaveacommoninterestinthegastrointes- naltracthavecollaboratedintheconstructionofthistext. Thisefforthasbrought together surgeons, gastroenterologists, and radiologists, to carefully chronicle the presentation, diagnosis, and management of modern day causes of gastrointes- nal bleeding. These co-authors concentrate on some of the latest innovations in the endoluminal and minimally invasive techniques that characterize the current approaches to these diseases. Emphasis has been placed on capsule endoscopy, double-balloon endoscopy, laparoscopic peptic ulcer surgery, and angiographic diagnosis and management techniques. The text has been written in such a way thatthereadercanquicklyreviewaspeci?ccauseofGIbleedingpriortomanaging ofsuchapatient. Weexpectthistextwillbeusedwiththesameimmediacyasthe diseasespresent. Wehopethatthistextprovidesafoundationforlearningformedicalstudents, interns,residents,andpractitionerswhoencounterthesecriticallyillanddif?cultto managepatients. Durham,NC,USA AuroraD. Pryor Durham,NC,USA TheodoreN. Pappas Durham,NC,USA MalcolmStanleyBranch v Acknowledgment TheeditorswouldliketothankMs. VirginiaCashforherhelpinthepreparation andcoordinationofthetext. vii Contents Part I Upper GI Bleeding Stabilization of Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. ..3 ErrolL. BushandMarkL. Shapiro Urgent Workup for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding...13 LorettaErhunmwunseeandSandhyaA. Lagoo-Deenadayalan Management of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding ...23 KekiBalsaraandLisaPickett Management of Dieulafoy's Lesions ...31 SerainaK. Faes,BrianR. Untch,ClaireEdwards,JohnTurner, MartinPoleski,andDouglasS. Tyler Management of Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease ...39 JamesC. PadussisandTheodoreN. Pappas Management of Unusual Sources of Upper GI Bleeding...65 ElisabethTracyandJanetTuttle-Newhall Mallory-Weiss Syndrome...79 JacobN. SchroderandMalcolmS. Branch Management of Bleeding Small Bowel Tumors...85 KeriE. LunsfordandAuroraD. Pryor Management of Bleeding from the Bile Duct ...103 CarlosE. MarroquinandBridgetM. Marroquin Management of Bleeding from the Pancreas...

Orthopaedic procedures in elderly patients are challenging and costly. As the population ages these costs will continue to escalate. ORTHOPAEDIC ISSUES IN OSTEOPOROSIS weaves together theory and applications to provide the first reference available on the orthopaedic aspects of osteoporosis. The focus on the management of patients who have had a fracture sets this book apart. Featuring extensive coverage of surgical management of osteoporotic fractures, it highlights the challenges of internal repair in osteoporotic bone. The chapters combine the basic and clinical essentials of osteoporosis with the latest orthopaedic findings in applied research and surgical treatment. Fractures associated with osteoporosis account for the majority of the money spent on this condition. However, the orthpaedic treatment of osteoporotic bone is a formidable surgical problem, and one not covered explicitly in any book - until now. With over 300 tables, line drawings, equations, and macro or X-ray photographs, ORTHOPAEDIC ISSUES IN OSTEOPOROSIS is a long overdue resource. About the Editor: Yuehuei H. (Huey) An, MD, graduated from the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Northeast China in 1983 and was trained in orthopaedic surgery at the Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital (Residency), and in hand surgery at Sydney Hospital (Clinical Fellow), Australia. In 1991, Dr. An joined with Dr. Richard J. Friedman in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Medical University of South Carolina to establish the MUSC Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, which is now a multifunctional orthopaedic research center. Dr. An has published more than 100 scientific papers and book chapters and more than 100 abstracts and edited 6 books, including Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research (CRC Press 1999) and Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone-Implant Interface (CRC Press 2000). He is an active member of eight academic societies in the fields of orthopaedics, biomaterials, biomechanics, and

Steven A. Rosenberg, MD In the past two decades significant progress has quality of life. The use of local radiation therapy has occurred, in the management of patients with mus- had a profound impact on the ability to achieve local loskeletal cancers, that has improved both the survival control. Cooperation between surgeons and radiation and the quality of life of afflicted patients. Changes in therapists often results in the tailoring of surgical p- the management of these patients have mirrored cedures to maximize the combined application of these trends in the entire field of oncology. two effective treatment modalities. Although impact on The most significant change has been improvement overall survival has not been demonstrated due to the in the surgical techniques for the resection of musculo- addition of radiation therapy, important advances in skeletal cancers based on a detailed understanding of improving the quality of life of patients receiving this the anatomic features of each particular tumor site, as combined-modality treatment have been evident. well as an appreciation of the natural biology that affects A third change impacting on the survival of patients the local spread of these tumors. The current volume of with musculoskeletal cancers has been the aggressive Musculoskeletal Cancer Surgery: Treatment of Sarcomas and resection of metastatic deposits.