Pioneers and leading researchers explain the theory and techniques of using targeted toxins experimentally. The highly successful use of the 192 IgG-saporin and ME20.4-saporin immunotoxins to lesion the cholinergic basal forebrain in order to model the behavior, anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of Alzheimer's disease in animals is treated in detail to give a potential user the knowledge to comfortably use the techniques involved. The uses of important new lesioning agents such as anti-DBH-saporin immunotoxin to make remarkably selective lesions of catecholaminergic neurons, hypocretin-saporin that can produce narcoleptic animals, and other saporin conjugates, such as neuropeptide-saporin conjugates for pain research and cholera toxin B chain-saporin to produce a model of CNS demyelination are explained by experts in the field.

This book is an organized approach to understanding bone growth and disease. It integrates anatomic and radiologic knowledge of enchondral and membranous bone growth and emphasizes the similarities of the physis and acrophysis in development. The artwork, jointly produced by artist and author, illustrates the concepts described. The identification of abnormality is aided by the explanations of the causes in terms of pattern recognition.

Indispensable for both the trainee and experienced professional, this is the only truly comprehensive account of the major role of the neurosurgeon in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain. The elite panel of contributors were chosen due to their expertise and international reputations. The result of their achievement covers the whole spectrum from criteria for patient selection and the details of operative techniques, to the risks, complications, and expected outcomes for a wide variety of anatomic, ablative, and augmentative neurosurgical procedures in treating chronic, intractable pain. The neurosurgeon will find here chapters on the latest neuroaugmentative advances utilizing electrical stimulation and implantable drug infusion systems as well as a useful section providing algorithms and guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of specific pain syndromes. Over 100 photographs and exquisite line drawings - many specifically commissioned for this book - enhance the text. Invaluable for acquiring the critical judgement and clinical skills necessary to apply the procedures involved.

The book presents state-of-the-art developments in multiscale modeling and latest experimental data on multiscale mechanobiology of bone remodeling and adaptation including fracture healing applications. The multiscale models include musculoskeletal models describing bone-muscle interactions during daily activities such as walking or running, micromechanical models for estimation of bone mechanical properties, bone remodeling and adaptation models, cellular models describing the complex bone-cell interactions taking into account biochemical and biomechanical regulatory factors. Also subcellular processes are covered including arrangement of actin filaments due to mechanical loading and change of receptor configurations.

This book, which describes in detail the most common procedures employed in inguinal hernia surgery, is exceptional in reflecting fully the most recent advances, as well as the most established techniques, in knowledge and practice. The role of recently developed and emerging technologies, including robotics, minimally invasive surgery, and biological meshes, is clearly explained, highlighting useful tips and tricks. The descriptions of traditional procedures, such as the Lichtenstein repair, are brought fully up to date and take into account the novel perceptions that professionals have of them, for example regarding the important role of nurses. The reader will also find guidance on established and new treatments for specific pain conditions, including postoperative chronic pain, the pubic inguinal pain syndrome, and obscure groin pain in women. The need for such an update on inguinal hernia surgery became clear at the 1st World Conference on Abdominal Wall Hernia Surgery, which highlighted the huge differences in the approaches adopted by scientists around the world and was chaired by the editor of this book. Inguinal Hernia Surgery will be a useful tool for all health care practitioners involved in hernia surgery.

This book offers a comprehensive guide to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that will assist in achieving excellent outcomes based on a sound understanding and technique. After an introductory section on the native knee that covers the anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and patterns of disease, all aspects of primary knee arthroplasty are discussed in detail. Individual chapters are devoted to topics such as acute pain management, the role of technological aids, prosthetic kinematics, alignment targets, unicompartmental arthroplasty, patellar resurfacing, outcome measures, and cost-effectiveness. An extensive section explains the causes and management of potential complications, including aseptic failure, infections, and periprosthetic fracture. The surgical techniques appropriate for revision knee arthroplasty are described separately, and guidelines on how to deal with bone loss, instability, and extensor mechanism failure are provided. The authors are all respected experts from the United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Europe.

This book has been written step wise by enumerating various aspects of the importance of clinical examination derived by laying one's hands on the affected part. By a thorough clinical examination, it can help an individual to arrive at a tentative differential diagnosis of the condition and hence help in investigating the same by numerous tests which are relevant to the given condition. The manner in which a given case is handled in this way is far more important than the diagnosis of the condition and this feature comes with practicing the same many times. It is a must for anyone embarking in life on Orthopedics as a career.

Taking a multidisciplinary approach to a common and often frustrating problem for athletes and those with an active lifestyle, this book is the first of its kind, addressing muscular injuries to the posterior leg using an in-depth and expansive style that is uniquely dedicated to ensuring all content is explicitly linked to the practical care of patients with calf pain. It is divided thematically into three sections. The first section covers underlying principles involved in these issues, including anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology of injury and neurophysiology of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical assessment techniques and imaging are covered in the second section. The third section on treatment is the most expansive, discussing acute, sub-acute and chronic posterior leg muscle injuries, as well as surgical management, rehabilitation techniques, complementary medicine and special populations. Overall, the book is designed to use muscular injuries of the posterior leg to as a means to understand the assessment and treatment of muscular injuries more broadly. Taken together, it is the consummate source for orthopedists, doctors in sports medicine, podiatrists, rehabilitation professionals and primary care physicians who treat muscular injuries in the posterior leg, though reader will gain a conceptual and practical framework for the assessment and treatment of muscular injuries in general.

Biomaterials for Surgical Operation offers a review of the latest advances made in developing bioabsorbable devices for surgical operations which include surgical adhesives (sealants), barriers for the prevention of tissue adhesion, polymers for fractured bone fixation, growth factors for the promotion of wound healing, and sutures. Over the years, many descriptions of biomaterials have appeared in academic journals and books, but most of them have been devoted to limited clinical areas. This is in marked contrast with this volume which covers a wide range of bioabsorbable devices used in surgery from a practical point of view. The currently applied polymeric devices are critical in surgery, but all involve serious problems due to their poor performance. For instance, fibrin glue, the most widely used surgical sealant, can produce only a weak gel with low adhesive strength to tissues, accentuating the limited effectiveness of current treatment options. Likewise, the currently available barrier membranes cannot fully prevent tissue adhesion at the acceptable level and are, moreover, not easy to handle with endoscopes due to their poor mechanical properties. Biomaterials for Surgical Operation is aimed at those who are interested in expanding their knowledge of how the problems associated with the currently used devices for surgical operation can be solved. It primarily focuses on the absorbable biomaterials which are the main components of these medical devices.

General Principles of Tumor Immunotherapy: Basic and Clinical Applications of Tumor Immunology brings together the world's leading authorities on tumor immunology. This book describes the basic immunology principles that form the foundation of understanding how the immune system recognizes and rejects tumor cells. The role of the innate and adaptive immune responses is discussed and the implications of these responses for the design of clinical strategies to combat cancer are illustrated through both experimental clinical trials and review of current standard of care therapeutic agents. This information will be invaluable to both students of immunology and cancer research and practicing physicians who have patients with cancer. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the field, demonstrates how advances in basic immunology can and are being applied to cancer, and describes the current status of approved immunotherapy regimens.

"Perioperative Addiction" addresses an issue that every anesthesiologist will encounter many times during the course of his or her career: the patient who arrives for operative care under the influence of legal or illegal drugs. The editors and contributors provide expert guidance on how to identify and manage the addicted patient, approaching the subject from the vantage points of the specific drug and of special patient populations.

Features:

Guidance for spotting and managing addicted patients

All common and important drugs of addiction, from opioids, cocaine, club drugs, and alcohol, to tobacco, marijuana, nitrous oxide, inhalants, and propofol

Special populations, including pregnant women, pain patients, adolescents, older patients, and healthcare professionals

Fascinating overview of the long history of addiction

Genetic basis of addiction, and the range of pharmacological treatments for addiction

PNL is the gold standard for the management of large and/or otherwise complex renal stones. Since its introduction in the seventies PNL has undergone considerable evolution, mainly driven by the improvement in access techniques, endoscopic instrument technology, lithotripsy devices and drainage management. The conventional prone position for PNL has been challenged in the last two decades by a variety of modifications, including the supine and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions, which make simultaneous retrograde working access to the collecting system possible and have proven anesthesiological advantages. The Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position allowed the development of ECIRS (Endoscopic Combined IntraRenal Surgery), a technique exploiting a combined antegrade and retrograde approach to the upper urinary tract, using both rigid and flexible endoscopes with the related accessories. The synergistic teamwork of ECIRS provides a safe and efficient, minimally-invasive procedure for the treatment of all kinds of urolithiasis. The aim of this book is to share with the urologic community worldwide our experience, our standardization of all the steps, and tips and tricks for the procedure.

A periprosthetic joint infection occurs when bacteria or other foreign organisms enter a wound during or at any point following joint replacement surgery, sometimes even years after surgery. An infection can cause the joint to be painful or cause the implant to loosen, sometimes resulting in the need for revision surgery (Science Daily). Written by a recognised author and editor team led Philadelphia-based by Javad Parvizi, this practical guide offers advice on the management of surgical site infections following orthopaedic procedures. Divided into five sections, this new edition covers basics of infection, preoperative medical optimisation, intraoperative and postoperative optimisation, diagnosis of infection, and treatment of periprosthetic joint infection. The second edition has been fully revised and new topics added to provide orthopaedic surgeons with the latest advances in the field. Editor, Javad Parvizi, was vice chair of the work group for The Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Hip and Knee Guideline and Evidence Report, adopted by the AAOS in 2010.  Key points Practical guide to management of surgical site infections following orthopaedic procedures Fully revised second edition with new topics added Recognised editor and author team led by Philadelphia-based Javad Parvizi Previous edition (9789350902714) published in 2013

Despite tremendous recent advances in the treatment of most malignancies, there remain several critical questions for each cancer. This particularly true for the surgical management of solid-organ malignancies. Comparative effectiveness is a relatively new term which encompasses the age-old concepts of how best to treat cancer patients. Comparative effectiveness is defined as the direct comparison of healthcare interventions to determine which work best for which patients when considering the benefits and risks. The Institute of Medicine has defined comparative effectiveness research(CER) as the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. CER is certainly best done with well-conducted randomized controlled trials. Unfortunately, clinical trials are not always feasible owing to the impracticality of conducting the trial, the considerable cost, and the time required to complete the trial. These challenges are even more pronounced with respect to surgical treatment. Thus alternative approaches may need to be considered in order to address pressing questions in the care of the oncology patient. These approaches may include well-conducted retrospective cohort studies from cancer registries and other data sources, decision and cost-effectiveness analyses, and other novel methodologies. This book lays out the current critical questions for each major malignancy and proposes approaches to gain answers to these pressing questions.

This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in bone and cartilage regeneration. Each chapter is contributed by a pre-eminent scientist in the field and covers such topics as skeletal regeneration by mesenchymal stem cells, clinical improvement of mesenchymal stem cell injection in injured cartilage and osteoarthritis, Good manufacturing practice (GMP), minimal critera of stem cells for clinical applications, future directions of the discussed therapies and much more. Bone & Cartilage Regeneration and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.

Every day, newspapers and television news programs present stories on the latest controversies over healthcare and medical advances, but they do not have the space to provide detailed background on the issues. Websites and weblogs provide information from activists and partisans intent on presenting their side of a story. But where can students - or even ordinary citizens - go to obtain unbiased, detailed background on the medical issues affecting their daily lives? This volume in the Health and Medical Issues Today series provides readers and researchers a balanced, in-depth introduction to the medical, scientific, legal, and cultural issues surrounding organ tranplants and its import in today's world of healthcare. Organ Transplantation is organized to provide readers with easy access to the information they need: BLSection 1 provides overview chapters on the background information needed to intelligently understand the issues and controversies surrounding organ transplants, such as how organs are procured and who determines who gets an organ. BLSection 2 offers capsule examinations of the contemporary issues and debates that provoke the most heated disagreements and misunderstandings, such as controversies over who deserves to get an organ, and the concerns over xenotransplantation BLSection 3 includes reference material on organ transplantation, including primary source documents from important players in the debates, a timeline of important events, and an annotated bibliography of useful print and electronic resources. This volume in the Health and Medicine Today series provides everything a student requires to understand the issues involved in organ transplantation and provides aspringboard for further research into the issue

Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva: A Revision Guide 2e provides the framework and knowledge to pass the non-subspecialty sections of the FRCS (General Surgery) viva and clinical examination. This comprehensive and up to date revision text covers all essential topics in critical care, emergency and general surgery as well as research papers, basic statistics and data manipulation for the academic section.This essential revision guide provides you with the vital points for each topic, presented in a concise, structured manner and referenced where appropriate. It is essential reading for anyone preparing for the FRCS General Surgery exam.

Rapid prototyping is used to design and develop medical devices and instrumentation. This book details research in rapid prototyping of bio-materials for medical applications. It provides a wide variety of examples of medical applications using rapid prototyping, including tissue engineering, dental applications, and bone replacement. Coverage also discusses the emergence of computer aided design in the development of prosthetic devices.

This is the revised edition is divided into 18 chapters, along with clinical pictures, radiological images and diagrams for better clarity. It is dedicated to residents and senior lecturers in orthopedics. Thoroughly revised and updated for residents and practitioners in orthopedics. Includes interlocking with lag screw in long oblique fractures-long bone fractures. Contains alternative to radius head replacement. Discusses some of the day-to-day problems and their approaches such as tennis elbow, calspur, calcification in soft tissue, meralgia, and unresolved coccyx pain, etc. A chapter is dedicated to interesting cases. Contains step-by-step description of surgical techniques, pearls and pitfalls, complication and challenges.

Oncological surgeons are often requested in their clinical practice to identify and manage uncommon and complex situations. It is therefore of the utmost importance that they are well aware of the most recent technological evolutions, in order to achieve the best possible results in term of oncological outcome, with a concern on quality of life and economical issues. Furthermore, new techniques can give a fundamental contribution in overcoming the limitations of standard approaches.

An essential aim of this book is to underline the great importance and the need of an effective coordination of multi-disciplinary care among surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation therapists, plastic surgeons and ancillary services, in order to optimise patient outcome.

This book has been written by established Orthopedic Surgeons who have become dedicated specialists within their particular subspecialty. They have contributed by writing highly detailed chapters that educate the reader with the basic science, accepted fundamentals and most recent trends within the full range oftrauma management in orthopedics. It is intended that this well illustrated and highly informative text book to provide orthopedic surgeons in training with comprehensive and relevant core knowledge on all aspects oftrauma management orthopedics, and will become an essential guide for surgeons in training, providing step by step approaches to performing initial diagnosis, surgical procedures and post operative management. "

This text takes a comprehensive approach to rotator cuff disorders, including tears and arthroscopic techniques in surgical management. It addresses the latest topics, such as the conversion of mini-open repair to all arthroscopic repair, and answers key questions raised at instructional courses. Experts in the field present not only arthroscopic shoulder anatomy, cuff tear patterns, repair concepts, and other fundamentals, but also provide coverage of state-of-the-art techniques. The step-by-step approach is supplemented by a wealth of anatomical drawings and color photos.

Vascular surgery has experienced remarkable growth and diversification in the last decade, especially with its embracing the disruptive endovascular technological revolution. Vascular surgeons remain the only group of specialists capable of total treatment of patients with vascular disease, providing medical, minimally invasive, and surgical therapy. Although vascular surgeons practice in all areas of the world, practice patterns in different areas naturally have both similarities and differences that reflect both regional patterns of disease, genetic characteristics of local peoples, cultural preferences for treatment, local political and economic situations, different access to resources and devices, as well as different training paradigms. Thus, the practice of vascular surgery has diversified and evolved in parallel in many areas, converging and diverging in many ways. Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective provides the first review and comparison of the diversity of vascular surgery practice around the world. The book is grouped according to common vascular diseases such as aneurysmal and occlusive arterial disease, as well as venous and lymphatic disease and dialysis access. Each major disease topic includes multiple chapters written by expert specialists from around the world, each discussing their local approach to the disease and its treatment. Similarly, the status of vascular surgery practice is addressed, including discussion of the influence of payment systems on practice, patient access to the internet for information, training paradigms, and the legal system including malpractice. This textbook provides the first worldwide summary of the care of patients with vascular disease and will be of interest to a wide audience including vascular surgeons, vascular medical specialists, cardiologists, radiologists, internists, and family practice physicians.