Preoperative consultation and preparation, and perioperative management of surgical patients are extremely important responsibilities of the internist. This issue of the Medical Clinics of North America provides new insights and recommendations on how to handle the following situations: emergency and urgent surgery; perioperative management of the ambulatory surgery patient; perioperative anticoagulation management; surgery in the patient with liver disease; surgery in the patient with renal dysfunction; hematological problems in the preoperative patient; obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and the surgical patient; identification and evaluation of the patient with lung disease; noncardiac surgery in the patient with heart disease; preoperative preparation in the patient for cardiac surgery; preoperative preparation of the surgical patient with neurological disease; and preoperative evaluation of the oncology patient.

In the last decade, the treatment of hip disease has made huge advancements in terms of patients returning to high levels of function and also in the durability of hip prostheses. Although the anterior approach to the hip has had a long history in orthopedics, it is only in recent years that surgeons are rediscovering this approach to treat both new pathology i.e. femoroacetabular impingement, as well as to facilitate patient's recovery after hip replacement surgery. This issue of OCNA brings together leading experts in the field of hip reconstruction which have been to explore the full potential of the anterior approach in restoring hip function.

This issue covers all aspects of treatment of the burned patient, from closure and excision of the burn wound to management and reconstruction of the burn scar. Also included are articles on the hypermetabolic response to burn injury and interventions to modify this response; fluid resuscitation of acutely burned patients; airway management and smoke inhalation injury; antimicrobial agents and dressings for the burn wound, including skin substitutes and skin grafts; and rehabilitation from significant burn injury.

This issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery takes a critical look at several new treatment methods. The aim of the issue is to view each technique from a factual, scientific point of view and to let surgeons know where each technique stands in regard to indications, contraindications, choosing a patient, how the technique is done, results, and complications. The techniques included are Lipodissolve, Surgisis, Smartlipo, Thermage, fat injection, Juvista, and Aptos thread.

This book provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art orthopaedic techniques and basic mechanical operations (drilling, boring, cutting, grinding/milling) involved in present day orthopaedic surgery. Casting a light on exploratory hybrid operations, as well as non-conventional techniques such as laser assisted operations, this book further extends the discussion to include physical aspects of the surgery in view of material (bone) and process parameters. Featuring detailed discussion of the computational modeling of forces (mechanical and thermal) involved in surgical procedures for the planning and optimization of the process/procedure and system development, this book lays the foundations for efforts towards the future development of improved orthopaedic surgery. With topics including the role of bone machining during surgical operations; the physical properties of the bone which influence the response to any machining operation, and robotic automation, this book will be a valuable and comprehensive literature source for years to come.

Multiplanar deformities are one of the most difficult deformities to correct in orthopedics. Correction of deformity in the foot and ankle is particularly complex and must address the alignment of the foot, prior surgical interventions, arthrosis, neuropathy, musculotendinous abnormalities, instability, and skin ulceration. The goals are to provide a plantigrade foot that allows for shoewear and a stable platform for ambulation. In the past few years that have been significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of these conditions. This issue will provide the reader with a thorough review of all that is new on this interesting and difficult subject.

Cellular mechanisms of BE development; Role of obesity and familial factors in BE and cancer; Histology of metaplasia and dysplasia; Molecular markers and genetics in cancer development; Improving screening practices for BE; Risk factors for BE cancer development; New technologies for BE imaging; Medical treatment and cancer prevention; Endoscopic therapy in BE; Surgical therapy for high grade dysplasia and early cancer; Role of neoadjuvant therapy for BE cancer; Surgical palliation for BE cancer

This book focuses on the exciting recent progress in restorative neurology and neuroscience. The book includes chapters on major neurodegenerative disorders of the brain and the visual system, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, spinal cord trauma, and multiple sclerosis. The primary goal of the book is to give an overview of new developments in translational research and in potential therapeutic strategies, including stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, pharmacotherapy, neuroprostheses and deep brain stimulation.
* Provides the reader with a unique overview over all aspects of new advances in the therapy of neurological and psychiatric disorders
* Covers all levels of biological organization including novel molecular and cellular targets, electrophysiological, anatomical and behavioural substrates of neurodegeneration and the application of whole brain in vivo imaging
* Broad focus with contributions by the top scientists worldwide in the respective disciplines

The Hip-a volume in the new Arthritis and Arthroplasty series-offers expert guidance on everything from patient selection and pre-operative planning to surgical approaches and techniques. Clear, evidence-based coverage details which technology and methodology used for total Hip arthroplasty (THA), reconstruction or revision is best for each patient. Access discussions of debates on minimally invasive surgery; component material and bearing options; cemented vs. uncemented fixation of the components; and more. Explore alternatives to THA in younger arthritic patients and view expertly narrated video demonstrations of surgical techniques. In addition to providing practical, pragmatic advice in a concise, readable format, this Expert Consult title offers the full text of the book, as well as links to PubMed and periodic content updates, online at expertconsult.com. Access the full text of the book-as well as links to PubMed and periodic content updates on outcome data, component materials, and surgical techniques-online at expertconsult.com. Features procedural videos-narrated by experts-on the included DVD so you can see how to perform particular techniques. Covers periacetabluar osteotomy, neurovascular injury, and other hot topics to keep you abreast of the latest developments in the specialty. Provides evidence-based, clinically focused guidance on patient selection, pre-operative planning, surgical approach and techniques, bearing surfaces and component materials, disease specific options, the management and avoidance of complications, salvage and revision THA strategies, and more. Discusses variations in technique, including cemented vs. cementless fixation, resurfacing or more radical removal of bone, and minimally invasive technique where the exposure is more limited so you can choose which is most effective for each patient. Explores alternatives to THA in younger arthritic patients such as arthroscopy, arthrodesis, osteotomy, and resurfacing. Includes a review page in every chapter for quick reference to pearls and pitfalls for each topic. Presents photographs and interpretive drawings of surgical techniques in full color to bring out intraoperative details as they appear in the operating room. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. If the next edition is published less than one year after your purchase, you will be entitled to online access for one year from your date of purchase. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should online access to the web site be discontinued.

This volume of Hand Clinics will be devoted to the increasingly important and relevant topic of Evidence Based Medicine or the more inclusive term Evidence-based Practice (EBP). EBP is the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research and the integration of patients' values and expectations. It is now recognized worldwide as a foundation of quality care and all surgeons and therapists must embrace the concepts and learn the methods. In order to help you become an evidence-based practitioner, this issue will help you develop new skills in find and appraise the best evidence embedded within the volumes of good and bad information available. The issue will focus on how to apply these methods to hand surgery and rehabilitation. The Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), health insurers, and certification boards will provide the impetus for all of us to put into action evidence-based practice. This approach to practice will lead to changes in our behavior. CMS introduced a pay-for-performance (P4P) initiative to promote high quality medical care based on evidence-based medicine by reimbursing top performing hospitals at a higher level than poor performing hospitals. The primary objectives of this program include increasing clinical quality and saving lives. A secondary objective is to improve the cost-effectiveness of health care delivery. Governmental programs like these along with practice guidelines will lead to new expectations on your practice. Whoever controls these initiatives and guidelines, controls medicine and ultimately the flow of money. You don't want to be left behind. This issue will provide you with the basics to get started on your way to practicing evidence-based medicine.

A complete review of salivary gland infections for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Topics in this issue include epidemiology, microbiology, diagnostic imaging, diagnosis and management of chronic and acute salivary gland infections, salivary gland infections and HIV, viral salivary gland infections, pediatrics, sialoendoscopy, extirpation, and an algorithm for diagnosis and management of salivary gland infections.

Biomedical Optics in Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery gives an overview of current technology in biomedical optics relevant to the field of Otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. It provides a comprehensive source of knowledge for researchers and active clinicians seeking information on the principles and practical use of novel diagnostic and therapeutic technology. While most books focus exclusively on laser surgery, which has been largely unchanged for the past 15 years, optical diagnostics and head and neck PDT (photodynamic therapy) are usually entirely overlooked. This book contains a basic introduction into the physics of light and its propagation, lasers and low-coherent light sources, and photon-tissue interaction in relation to therapeutic and diagnostic use. The principles of various imaging techniques are also discussed ( i.e. optical coherence tomography in its variations), as well as the principles and practice of lasers for surgical use on the therapeutic side.

Endoscopic imaging has become an important clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and is poised to advance in a revolutionary fashion in the next few years. The articles in this issue are a result of an ASGE Imaging workshop held in early 2008. The goal of the workshop, and this issue, is to bring together clinical investigators and biophotonics engineers to help develop and clinically apply enhanced imaging technologies for the eventual benefit of patients. Articles in this issue are devoted to chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence endoscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, laser confocal microscopy, and targeted endoscopic imaging to name a few.

The field of sports medicine continues to grow and be popular. The specialty area of sports foot and ankle is particularly exciting. Foot and ankle injury rates continue to be reported at an increasing rate in sports especially in the NFL. Great toe injuries and Lis franc midfoot ruptures can be career ending injuries. Achilles tendon overuse injuries as well as ruptures and peroneal tendon dislocations and tears continue to plague the clinicians and athletes alike. Plantar fasciitis is almost epidemic in the NBA and ankle fractures in the athlete are common but poorly described in the literature. Equally enigmatic are the navicular stress fracture and the Jones fracture of the 5th metatarsal. We hope this issue of Foot and Ankle Clinics will help readers and clinicians diagnose, treat and rehab the athlete with foot and ankle injuries. We have asked our distinguished foot and ankle trained specialists to discuss these areas in the more complicated cases. For instance, a great article has been written about ankle sprains in the athletes but how do we treat effectively the athlete with chronic lateral instability who is large framed (>250#) or has come inherent ligamentous laxity or who has a varus hindfoot or has failed a prior lateral ligamentous reconstruction? Also, what is the best treatment for the difficult problem of syndesmosis injury in the athlete, both acute and chronic. All this and more will be right at your fingertips in this highlight of the complicated foot and ankle problems in the athlete. Enjoy and be up to date

Microbial pathogens; Host response; Antimicrobial agents; Adjunctive measures; Prevention of SSI; Skin/soft tissue infections; Intra-abdominal infections; Prosthetic graft infections; Hospital-acquired pneumonia; Catheter-associated BSI; Nosocomial UTI;
C. difficile-associated disease; Preventing bacterial resistance; Systems approaches; Future directions.

Otorhinolaryngologists and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons who have focused their energies on functional and cosmetic septorhinoplasty do offer a unique perspective and experience of the surgical management of nasal obstruction, and this perspective is highlighted in this edition. Many of the chapters focus on complex problems related to the septum: treating the caudal septum, a discussion of complications of septal surgery including their avoidance and their management, and when to consider the open rhinoplasty approach to septal surgery. Surgical pearls for septoplasty are also considered. Functional rhinoplasty also naturally receives significant attention in this edition, with consideration of the surgical treatment of the saddle nose, treatment of nasal obstruction in the traumatized nose, treatment of the dorsal deviation, and surgical and non-surgical treatment of the nasal valve. Piriform aperture stenosis, a less common form of nasal obstruction, is also considered. A number of facial plastic surgical case studies round out this edition.

"Surgical Education: Theorising an Emerging Domain" delineates surgical (as opposed to medical) education as a new and emerging field of academic enquiry. This reflects profound changes in healthcare training and practice on an international basis. As such, this book introduces, examines and explores the contribution of selected concepts and theories to surgical learning and practice. The first four chapters consider core facets of surgical education, such as simulation, while subsequent chapters take a key idea, often well known in another field, and examine its relevance to surgical education.

Of course, performing invasive procedures is no longer the exclusive preserve of 'traditional' surgeons. Boundaries between surgery and the interventional specialties (radiology, cardiology, intensive care) are becoming increasingly blurred, especially as technology continues to expand. Changing work patterns and explosive technological development mark this out as a major growth area. New educational approaches (e.g. the use of simulation) are emerging. And all clinical practice is a team activity, where clinicians from many specialties (medicine, nursing, allied professions) come together with shared goals. For all the above groups, and their patients, education (teaching, training, learning and assessment) is of crucial importance.

Yet the unique characteristics of surgical education have not previously been addressed from an educational perspective, nor have its possibilities as a new research domain been mapped. The domain needs to be theorised and its epistemological foundations established. There is thus both a need and a market for a definitive work in this area, aimed at surgeons, other clinicians, non-clinicians, educators, and others interested in this new domain.

Melanoma; Pressure Ulcers; Wound Healing and Biology of the Skin; Local anesthetics-uses and toxicities; Approach to excision and closure of the skin; Unusual Skin Tumors; Dermatologic considerations for the General Surgeon; Suture choice and other skin closure methods; Benign and subcutaneous lesions; Common skin cancers and their precursors; Pilonidal cyst and benign perianal skin conditions

Liver Transplantation: Challenging Controversies and Topics grew out of a need I perceived within the fields of transplant hepatology and liver transplantation. Liver transplantation has rightly gained recognition as an established therapy for end-stage liver disease. Few would argue that liver transplantation is one of the few truly lifesaving and life-altering treatments within medicine and surgery. Not many realize that 20 years passed from the time of the first human liver transplantation in 1963 to its acceptance as therapy by the 1983 NIH Consensus Conference on Liver Transplantation. In 2008, 25 years will have passed since the 1983 NIH conference-a mere 25 years for a field that has provided patients hope, doctors options, and to some the "gift of life. " Many issues in liver transplantation involve indications, patient selection, and outcomes after transplantation-these are standard topics, covered by textbooks of hepatology and transplantation. In contrast, the field of liver tra- plantation is young, evolving, dynamic, and issues and decisions are often controversial. Thus, Dr. Trotter and I, as well as our colleagues at the University of Colorado, felt that a text with a different focus was required, one that highlighted controversy and challenged dogma. Out of this perceived need emerged Liver Transplantation: Challenging Controversies and Topics. To meet the transplant community's need for emerging information about liver transplantation, Dr. Larry Chan, Dr. Igal Kam, and I initiated the Controversies in Transplantation Conference.

Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction, Total Nasal Reconstruction, Lip Reconstruction, Mid Face and Maxilla, Orbital Exenteration, Maxillofacial Trauma, Lateral Temporal Bone Defects, Parotid Defects, Facial Transplantation, Massive Skin Cancers.

Utility of PET in the mediastinum; Diagnostic strategies for mediastinal tumors and masses; Infections of the mediastinum; Genetic markers of mediastinal diseases; Mediastinal tumors and cysts in the pediatric population; Multimodality treatment of germ cell tumors of the mediastinum; Surgical approaches to the thymus in patients with MG; Multimodality treatment of thymoma; Vascular lesions of the mediastinum; Combined cervico - thoracic approaches for complex mediastinal masses; Intraoperative strategy in patients with extended involvement of mediastinal structures; The role of surgical resection for locally recurring mediastinal tumors; Modern Radiotherapy for Mediastinal Disease; Surgery of the mediastinum -historical notes.

Current, important information for all oral and maxillofacial surgeons! Management topics include mandibular angle fractures, atrophic mandible fractures, comminuted mandibular fractures, condylar process fractures, mandibular fractures in children, nasal fractures, orbital fractures, naso-orbital-ethmoidal fractures, frontal sinus fractures, parotid gland and duct injuries, facial bite wounds, and much more!

This special issue will deal with various current, state-of-the-art, as well as novel approaches for the management of osteonecrosis. There are original research and review articles about this disease in the hip and knee ranging from cell-based therapies, bone grafting, osteotomies, to the use of pharmacologic agents such as bisphosphonates and iloprost and various prosthetic devices. In addition, better ways to learn about this disease and monitor outcome measurements will be reviewed. More difficult to recognize and treat diseases such as subchondral hip insufficiency fractures, bone marrow edema syndrome, and spontaneous osteonecrosis are also featured.