This book provides a comprehensive guide to the scope of European Merger Control Regulations. It follows a practical approach, which is aimed at fulfilling the need for a straightforward, user-friendly introduction to the workings of merger control at European level. It is designed to provide the reader with the framework provisions, as opposed to a case-by-case analysis, thereby enabling those involved with mergers to understand more comprehensively how the regulations and the decisions of the Merger Task Force affect specific mergers, organizations and business. The scope and functions of the Merger Regulations are set out fully and step-by-step guides to the various procedures are provided. Information sources include the full text of the Regulations as amended, relevant Commission Notices, and details of the national authorities dealing with mergers. As the EU moves further towards the accomplishment of the internal market and as mergers of ever-increasing value take place, the Merger Regulations and the work of the Merger Task Force has become of heightened importance.

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions are an imperative part of the accelerated economic globalization of our time. Cross-border transaction volume now accounts for almost one-third of global M&A activity and this number will only increase as business world-wide continues to expand. The complex legal issues to be handled in such transactions encompass the co-ordination of different concepts of corporate governance and capital market regulations in the laws involved, as mirrored by the intense debate on M&A law making within the European Union, and for example, Germany. Lawyers engaged in the M&A practice will inevitably be confronted with cross-border transactions and will have to appropriately counsel their clients in the variable aspects of the law. This book, based on an international conference held by the Law Centre for European and International Cooperation (RIZ) in co-operation with the Centre of Commercial Law Studies, the Asian Institute of International Financial Law, and the SMU Institute of International Banking and Finance, provides a comprehensive exploration of the legal implications of a cross-border merger or acquisition. Applying a comparative approach, the compilation of articles by professors, practitioners and bankers provides thorough information on relevant topics. In addition to this, case studies analyzing the Daimler/Chrysler Merger and the British Petroleum/Amoco Merger have been included to illustrate the impact that different structures can have on the success of a business combination.

Since their explosion in the mid-1990s, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have turned into a global phenomenon with growing prevalence. A large number of theoretical and empirical studies focus on cross-border deals from several perspectives, such as motives, strategic issues, and performance. Most books treat these studies as specific characteristics of M&As, paying little attention to the distinctive elements that differentiate them from domestic operations. In short, there is now a real need for a fresh review and categorization of cross-border deals. Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions is the first book to provide readers with a complete guide to understanding the main concepts, theories, and results driving cross-border M&As. Morresi and Pezzi present an original framework that ties together the growing body of theoretical and empirical studies on the topic. This work describes the relevance of the phenomenon in terms of its economical, geographical, and historical impact, and analyzes the market- and accounting-based performance of cross-border deals.

A casebook that discusses all the mega mergers and acquisitions in terms of value, that have happened in different industry sectors such as pharmacy, technology, telecommunications, media and entertainment, electrical and electronics, energy, finance, consumer goods, metals, and automobile and airlines.

Between 1970 and 1997, the nation's railroads engaged in corporate mergers in an effort to stem the decline of the industry's market base, increase low return on investments, and counter the deterioration of trackage and equipment. The 73 Class I carriers in existence in 1970 have been consolidated into only 10 today. The recent battle over Conrail is only the most recent and highly publicized example of this trend that resulted from the relaxation of federal regulation. Business scholars, economists, railroad buffs, and anyone interested in transportation and federal regulation will find this book an invaluable tool.

Consume thy rival may be the new law of corporate survival in the U.S. utilities industry. This book describes close to $70 billion of global utility mergers stemming from the anticipated deregulation of the U.S. gas and electrical utilities industries. Occurring from 1995 to 1997, these mergers are completely restructuring U.S. power utilities. Thirty-seven billion dollars of these mergers, a full 53 percent, occurred abroad. About two-thirds of the foreign mergers were U.S. takeovers, while the remaining one-third was mergers, defensive and otherwise, of U.K. firms with other U.K. firms. This may be the first time U.S. industrial restructuring has generated more investment abroad rather than in domestic markets.

Exploring the diversity of strategies and changes driving these mergers, the author concludes that although complex, the mergers can be explained by strategies traditionally used in domestic M&As. These very large U.S. utilities now consider themselves to be operating in a global industry of private, deregulated utilities, and they are determined to survive through mergers that help them cut costs, spread expenses, and increase profits.

Drawing on twenty years of merger analysis literature, this single source offers practical solutions to a wide range of problems faced by specialists working in the field of mergers and acquisitions. The authors take an industrial organization approach in which effects on profits, on consumer surplus and on overall welfare are of greatest relevance. The focus is primarily on horizontal mergers, although vertical and conglomerate mergers are addressed when producers of complementary goods are involved. Among the issues and elements examined, the authors provide answers to the following: How does a merger affect the insider firm's profitability? Why may outsiders's stock market value increase or decrease following a merger? What are the expected welfare effects of a merger? What sort of arguments can be used for merger defense? How do economists model the firm's merging decision? How can the authorities simulate the price effects of a horizontal merger? Is post-merger entry likely to compensate the effects of a merger? The discussion proceeds from an analysis of the simplest exercise of market power to evermore complex merger environments. In their detailed coverage of policy evaluation of proposed acquisitions, the authors provide a merger simulation toolkit which can be applied to important recent judicial decisions in the field. This book will be of great value not only to academics in microeconomics and industrial organization, but also to lawyers and officials seeking expert practical guidance in the business or administrative responsibilities surrounding mergers and acquisitions.

Globalization provides firms with tremendous opportunities as well as daunting challenges. International expansion has become a pervasive and prominent strategic response to global economic dynamics for a large number of companies. The success of such expansion depends on several of entry and cooperative strategies. Dr. Luo provides conceptual backgrounds, analytical frameworks, managerial insights, and business guidance for a firM's international expansion efforts. He illustrates how (entry mode), when (timing), where (location), and what (industry). He elaborates on cooperative strategies such as partner selection, joint venture negotiation, control, cooperation, and termination.

The book is written for international executives who are actively pursuing international market opportunities. It argues that managers need to formulate appropriate expansion strategies to achieve a sustainable and successful presence in the global marketplace. The book is also valuable for students and scholars of international business, global management, and strategic management.

International acquisitions are failing at a rate of three out of four and international location decisions two times out of three. Where does corporate management locate a new facility or find one to acquire that will best satisfy the business objectives of survival and growth? A variety of decision making methodologies have emerged from the literature, but which are most workable? Schniederjans surveys these and other methods, analyzes and explains them carefully, and provides a new approach to help optimize the location selection decision. Included are cutting-edge applications and quantitative examples that can be easily grasped and quickly applied. With detailed appendices covering sources of international information available in print and electronically, the book will be essential for upper management and others who are engaged in planning the corporation's expansion and growth.

Schniederjans organizes his book into two parts. He defines his terminology and establishes a foundation to understand the use of acquisition and location methodologies in the first part, and covers the use of one or more methodologies in facility acquisition and location analysis internationally, supported by current research findings, in the second part. Included in his four appendices of source material is one that lists currently available computer software that supports the methodologies covered in the book. The book will also help save consulting fees and help redirect the study of its topic to make the facilities acquisition and location task yield more reliable results in coming years.

Empirical research shows that two thirds some claim even four fifths of all acquisitions fail. Bad acquisitions can spell disaster for a company, but if successful, they can lead to healthy growth, enhanced competitiveness and a world market position. Despite the vast amount of academic and practical research on M&A, there are still no adequate theories to explain this continued trend of failure. In fact, although success factors have been broadly researched and are well known, most work still concentrates on them without concomitantly touching upon the necessary governance structure which enables their effective deployment. This is crucial. In order to determine what constitutes an effective board and governance structure, extensive qualitative fieldwork was carried out through discussions with some of the most renowned international CEOs and Chairmen. From this, two in-depth analyses of prominent cases are made, one of extraordinary success and the other of integral failure. The business leaders' management approaches are scrutinised, revealing significant differences between what worked and what did not, and recommendations are derived for improved corporate governance. The author's conclusions sharply illustrate the limits and challenge the inadequacies of current business practice, revealing gaps between mainstream theory and the reality of the boardroom.Due to his innovative approach, the study is praised by practitioners for itsadditions to strategic management understanding and its provision of effective tools for boards and managers."

Corporate Restructuring is a practical approach to rescuing troubled companies and driving underperforming companies to top performance. It combines proven restructuring strategies with rigorous theoretical analysis. This book explains how to set and achieve asset, staffing, sales and profit goals. Topics include diagnostic tools to identify the root cause of problems, the human dynamics that cause a company to thrive or wither, customer service and relationship marketing, customer intelligence systems, new product development, process mapping, continuous process improvement and re-engineering as well as integrating IT into corporate strategy. It is also discussed how to find the resources needed to keep a company alive during restructuring and how to use bankruptcy offensively and defensively. Corporate Restructuring emphasizes execution. All the restructuring theories in the world weigh less than a simple plan, well executed.

Taking a fresh and much-needed perspective on the management of international acquisitions, this book focuses on socio-cultural integration, and in particular the importance of emotions and values. The authors build on the human-centric and typically Nordic approach to mergers and acquisitions by presenting rich empirical cases of cross-border acquisitions conducted by leading Nordic multinationals. This book goes beyond merely stating that successful human integration leads to sociocultural convergence and presents how this can actually be accomplished. The authors offer theoretical approaches and practical solutions which have the potential of improving employee motivation and well-being, and in doing so, ultimately enhancing the chances of successful acquisition outcomes. Providing concrete examples of successful practices for managing socio-cultural integration and facilitating employee commitment, this book will appeal to both scholarly and practitioner audiences.

This unique Handbook explores both the economics of the firm and the theory of the firm, two areas which are traditionally treated separately in the literature. On the one hand, the former refers to the structure, organization and boundaries of the firm, while the latter is devoted to the analysis of behaviors and strategies in particular market contexts. The novel concept underpinning this authoritative volume is that these two areas closely interact, and that a framework must be articulated in order to illustrate how linkages can be created. This interpretative framework is comprehensively developed in the editors' introduction, and the expert contributors - more than fifty academics of renowned authority - further elaborate on the linkages in the seven comprehensive sections that follow, encompassing: background; equilibrium and new institutional theories; the multinational firm; dynamic approaches to the firm; modern issues; firms' strategies; and economic policy and the firm. Bridging economics and theory of the firm, and providing both technical and institutional perspectives on real corporations, this path-breaking Handbook will prove an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students in the fields of economics, heterodox economics, business and management, and industrial organization. Contributors: Z.J. Acs, M. Aglietta, C. Antonelli, M.C. Becker, M. Bellandi, M.H. Best, H. Bo, J.J. Bouma, H. Bouthinon-Dumas, T. Buchmann, R. Carter, M. Casson, C. Cezanne, M. Cloodt, A. Coad, A. Colombelli, A. Correlje, L. De Propris, M. Dietrich, C. Driver, S.P. Dunn, P.E. Earl, N.J. Foss, M. Fransman, J.-L. Gaffard, J. Groenewegen, S. Guillou, J. Hagedoorn, G. Hanappi, G.M. Hodgson, W. Holzl, G. Ietto-Gillies, A. Jolink, T. Knudsen, J. Krafft, W. Lazonick, S. Lechevalier, B.J. Loasby, F. Marty, L. Nesta, E. Niesten, B. Nooteboom, U. Pagano, P.P. Patrucco, A. Pyka, F. Quatraro, J.-L. Ravix, A. Reberioux, A. Reinstaller, E. Salies, P.P. Saviotti, N. Stieglitz, M. Teubal, S. Toms, N. Wadeson, O. Weinstein, J.F. Wilson

Strategic Acquisitions: A Guide to Growing and Enhancing the Value of Your Business is for business managers, rather than "deal makers," and explains why strategy, people, and financial performance are the keys to successful acquisitions. This book will show business managers how to identify a viable acquisition, how to evaluate the likelihood of a smooth corporate merger, how to efficiently combine management and labor teams, and how to absorb the new company without jeopardizing the existing corporate culture.

The lack of adequate and timely IT involvement in the merger and acquisition process costs companies millions of dollars every year. Current research shows that IT accounts for 20-30% of the post-acquisition benefits in a merger or acquisition, and it is growing. With M&A activity back on an upwards trend, the need to get IT right has never being greater.
- How can a merger be achieved in today's business world with successful use of IT?
- How can companies avoid M&A failure and additional risks in an IT M&A project?
- What should your company be doing about IT when contemplating a merger or acquisition?
This book addresses these topical questions and provides the answers. By presenting new analysis and research, this book appeals to multiple audiences. Whether you are an international group or small company, a practitioner CIO or IT manager, a consultant or senior manager there are plenty of management and technical best practices to give you a practical insight into how to make use of IT in a M&A transaction.

What makes the Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions series stand out is its focus on all three characteristics that make up this research field - studies from scholars in different countries, with different research questions, relying on different theoretical perspectives. Such a broad, and inclusive, approach to mergers and acquisitions is not easily replicated in academic journals, with much narrower mandates and metrics. The collections published each year provide cutting edge ideas by leading scholars on a global scale. Topicality In light of the enormous sums being invested in growth-via-acquisition strategies, as well as 'survival through merger' strategic decisions, academic research on mergers and acquisitions has never been more important. The current worldwide recession and enormous difficulties experienced by many companies throughout the globe have resulted in greater consolidation and mergers in a variety of sectors. With these widespread mergers, joint ventures and re-alignments, it is not surprising that academic research on mergers and acquisitions has been similarly robust. Each collection of articles that makes up a volume of Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions paints a picture of contemporary research on this topic. Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions brings together a series of articles from academics around the world with the expressed purpose of enhancing our knowledge of the entire M&A process, from strategic analysis to integration. Key Benefits By bringing together a collection of papers by scholars from different disciplines, with different research agendas, and hailing from a variety of countries yet all of whom are tackling the same general phenomenon, this series offers something that cannot be easily replicated in other forums. Integrative and expansive in its choice of research questions and theoretical underpinnings Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions offers a unique perspective on this diffuse topic that helps scholars think about mergers and acquisitions in new ways, building the knowledge base on this critical topic. Key Audiences The series provides a diverse explanation of topics and methods provided by scholars from around the world, and is essential reading for all academics, researchers and practitioners involved in the areas of mergers and acquisitions. Coverage The Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions series comprises of leading international scholars from a range of disciplines exploring the economic, financial, strategic or organizational behaviour aspects of mergers and acquisitions. A diversity of disciplines, perspectives, countries, topics, issues, methodologies and research questions are represented in each volume. The series explores a wide range of topical issues, from employees' attitudes toward post-merger integration, to 'culture fit', to transitional governance arrangements, to the effects of complexity and post-merger/post-acquisition integration. Coverage includes, but is not restricted to: Strategy Organizational integration Culture Leadership Financial analysis Human resource planning

Drawing upon case studies of firms in the steel industry, authors show that companies competing internationally can pool their strengths to offset their individual weaknesses, enabling them to build economically successful entities more easily than if each company tried to go it alone in competition with rivals. In doing so they show how the world steel industry emerged into a group of international joint ventures and how in each of these transnational marriages the whole became greater than the sum of its parts. Among the authors' main points are: cultural conflicts are minimized by economic success but magnified by failure; expertise and commitment can overcome national differences, and even failing international joint ventures can be rehabilitated. Important reading for professionals in all areas of international business and for their colleagues in the academic community.

Included in each case study is a history of the firms and the emerging joint venture. Authors described the condition of facilities, the rehabilitation and construction of new facilities, the financial relationships between firms and the sources of funding, and their corporate structures. Cultural differences between firms and their impact on the success of the relationship are examined closely, with particular emphasis on personnel selection, training supervision, labor relations, retention and promotion policies and policies on tenure and layoff. Authors look at labor productivity and the use of participative management and other team approaches, relating them to such measurable variables as product quality, corporate profitability, and indeed the ultimate survival of each newly created firm. From there the authors show how the experiences of the steel industry and the lessons learned from its transnational alliances can be applied to other industries and to their own joint ventures.

Private Equity Exits provides the first comprehensive analysis of private equity divestment processes so-called 'exits' for European buyouts. The work is designed as a compendium of current scientific knowledge on portfolio company exits and also provides deeper insights into various aspects of divestment processes, which is underpinned by own extensive empirical analysis and findings.

Examining the efficiency of exits, this book offers recommendations and guidelines for an integrated and exit-oriented private equity portfolio management and provides a detailed assessment of exit decision drivers. Findings contribute to a clearer understanding and better predictability of exit behavior. The work highlights the growing need for pro-active as well as thoroughly planned divestment strategies, efficient executions, and the importance and value of paying attention also to other stakeholders interests when selling stakes in businesses."

Acquisitions are increasingly used to source capabilities, but often without success. Based on best practices from companies such as HP, IBM, GE and Intel, the book outlines the key factors impacting innovativeness post acquisition. These underpin a strategic acquisition and integration management concept. The author provides tools to support managers in their selection of the appropriate target, conducting a technology due diligence, and in choosing and managing the right integration approach.

This is a book about acquisitions and their performance. It looks at the different ways in which companies from the major acquiring countries (UK, USA, Japan, Germany, and France) set about integrating the acquisitions they make in the UK. The book illustrates different national styles at work, but also shows how common many management practices have become around the world.

This comprehensive volume tackles the issues of Mergers & Acquisitions activity - the dominant form of both Foreign Direct Investment and domestic direct investment. The volume aims to explore the concept of M&As in a manner that would be useful both to students and academics/practitioners. The subject coverage deals with the core issues and the discussion is not limited to introductory themes but deals with relevant specificities. The volume is divided in three parts, covering theregional concentration of M&As at a global level and the impact of the economic crisis, the determinants of M&As, and theoretical concepts and practical applications related to M&A activity.

The book provides a rigorous introduction to corporate finance and the valuation of equity. The first half of the book covers much of the received theory in these areas such as the relationship between the risk of an equity security and the return one can expect from it, the effects of leverage (that is, the borrowing policies of the firm) on the return one can expect from the firm's shares and the role that dividends, operating cash flows and accounting earnings play in the valuation of equity. The second half of the book is more advanced and deals with the important role that "real options" (that is, as yet unexploited investment opportunities) play in the valuation of equity.