Reducing variables and negotiating risk in lucrative emerging markets

"A timely book on the critical subject of valuation in emerging markets. Academics and practitioners have provided over the last few years many pieces of the puzzle, and Pereiro successfully puts them all together. With a broad overview of the underlying theory and many examples in which the theory is put to work, this book is bound to become one of the must-read references on the topic."
––Javier Estrada, IESE Business School (Barcelona, Spain), Editor-in-Chief, Emerging Markets Review

"Valuation is a key factor for success in the business of private equity. This is a fundamental book to be read by all professionals involved in private equity in emerging markets. Valuation of Companies in Emerging Markets: A Practical Approach contains a comprehensive set of valuation tools, and the book provides a very focused and pragmatic approach to the techniques that are applied in practice by private equity investors in nontraditional markets."
–– Carlos Wagener, HSBC Private Equity Latin America

"Two mistakes are common in the valuation of companies in emerging markets: inappropriate application of models originally developed for mature economies, and the use of black boxes–– displaying numbers without explaining the rationale behind them. Valuation of Companies in Emerging Markets: A Practical Approach adds value to the theory and practice of company valuation and helps to avoid these mistakes."
–– Ernesto Gaba, Chief Economist, BBVA Banco Franc`es

"A required reading for practitioners and everybody who deals with investment in emerging markets. This book contains a comprehensive set of tools and examples for tackling practical problems of valuation. Pereiro’s balanced exposition of theory and practice as it applies to the changing conditions of emerging markets fills an important gap in the literature."
–– Enrique R. Arzac, Professor of Finance and Economics, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University

"...a well-structured analysis of valuation in emerging countries. I find the conceptual framework attractive and the empirical applications excellent."
–– Bruno Solnik, Professor of Finance, HEC-School of Management (France)

"What I like about the book is that it delivers what it promises–– it is practical. Better yet, it achieves this without descending to the mere cookbook-recipe level. The user gets a good review of the defensible alternatives, with pros and cons; and where judgment is required, the recommendations reveal a great deal of common sense."
–– Piet Sercu, Professor of International Finance, PwC Chair "Value and Risk", DTEW, University of Leuven (Belgium)

How can you be sure you are buying the company you think you are? Are you sure it is as good as the seller says? How can you be certain unexpected costs and obligations will not suddenly appear once you are the owner and responsible for them? How best can you arm yourself for the negotiations? Have you worked out precisely what you are going to do with it once it is yours? How do you set the priorities for change to recoup the premium you have paid for it? The answer to all these questions, and many more, lies with effective due diligence. Due diligence is one of the most important but least well understood aspects of the acquisition process. It is not, as many believe, a chore to be left to the accountants and lawyers. To get the best from it, due diligence has to be properly planned and professionally managed. This book is a comprehensive manual on getting due diligence right. It is a uniquely comprehensive guide, covering all aspects of the process from financial, legal and commercial due diligence right through to environmental and intellectual property due diligence. There are also useful chapters on working with advisers and managing due diligence projects. It also includes a number of checklists to help ensure that the right questions are asked.

‘This is the authoritative work on private equity, giving the business manager a genuine insight into how this relatively new form of ownership works.’ Frank Neale, Phildrew Ventures

‘A truly revealing insight into the world of private equity, MBOs and MBIs… A really enjoyable read.’ Barrie Pearson, Livingstone Guarantee

‘An excellent insight into the changing world of venture capital and private equity.’ Charles Richardson, Director of Corporate Affairs, 3i

How should entrepreneurs and company managers seeking capital go about the task, and what can they expect if they are successful? What do private equity investors look for in the companies they back? What are the lessons from the successes and (equally important) the failures of the past? And should politicians and financial regulators be concerned about the huge investment funds now being assembled to invest in private equity in Europe? The answers to all of these question can be found in this book.

This far-reaching study shows that operating efficiencies are not what are driving today's unrelenting bank merger mania. It suggests that bank mergers and consolidation may have effects that are contrary to consumer and non-financial business interests, such as lower rates of interest, increasing fees, and tighter credit constraints. Dymski recommends several new policies to apply to the evaluation of prospective mergers.

This far-reaching study shows that operating efficiencies are not what are driving today's unrelenting bank merger mania. It suggests that bank mergers and consolidation may have effects that are contrary to consumer and non-financial business interests, such as lower rates of interest, increasing fees, and tighter credit constraints. Dymski recommends several new policies to apply to the evaluation of prospective mergers.

The recent surge in media mergers has set off a wave of stories that all hit very close to home. In some cases, the news organizations themselves become news. The formation of communication conglomerates raises profound questions for reporters' lives and work, such as: What is the best way to cover stories of high profile and complexity? Will the new giants broaden both the definition of journalism and the opportunities for journalists to practice their craft? What are the prospects for the new partnership of big news, new media, and big business? The consequences of consolidation vary by media industry. The evolution of communication technology is so fast that today's truisms can be undone tomorrow. Media Mergers provides a healthy dose of skepticism, a search for illuminating facts, and a willingness to consider all sides of the discussion. This book approaches the emergence of media giants from a variety of angles. The contributors offer many ways of understanding their scale and their significance. Media Mergers is divided into six parts: "Point/Counterpoint," "The Imperial Moment," "Captains of Communication," "States of Media," "The Consequences of Media Empires in the United States," and "The Consequences of Media Empires Around the World." Authors include: Todd Gitlin; Steven Rattner; Ken Auletta; Madeline Rogers; Danny Schechter; Barbara Maltby; and Mac Margolis. Included in this volume is a roundtable introduced by Walter Cronkite and moderated by Alex Jones. Participants are Frank A. Bennack, Jr., Neil S. Braun, P. Anthony Ridder, and Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr. A review essay by Anne Wells Branscomb concludes book. She discusses various books on the subjects of media moguls, multimedia conglomerates, and media takeovers. Media Mergers is especially pertinent today, an age in which the communications industry is constantly changing, progressing, and being affected by business upheavals. It will be of interest to publishers, media specialists, and all those in communications, policy and research.

For many industries, mergers and acquisitions have become the main pathway for reaching strategic objectives like growth, technological leadership, or efficiency in production and distribution. However, the success rate of most M&A deals is low - and flawed. Unrealistic synergies, wrong target selection, culture clashes and, most of all, weak post-merger integration processes pose huge challenges, and this book addresses the salient question of how to make M&A deals work. The authors offer readers unique access to each stage of the M&A process, with added depth and perspective provided by Prysmian - the global leader in energy and telecom cables. Prysmian's perspective enables the authors to deliver a manual for successful M&A in mature industries that require high levels of integration between operating companies. This collection of existing M&A experiences that identify clear action steps will be an essential tool for managers to develop their growth strategies and accelerate their post-merger integration processes. This guide will also prove useful for practitioners and academics as they seek to improve the ability of firms to conduct M&A, through dissemination in academic and executive classrooms.

Concern over conglomerate mergers increased dramatically in the latter part of the twentieth century. An acceleration in conglomerate merger activity rekindled firms' takeover fears and swamped trustbusters, and attention focused on the political and economic issues surrounding conglomerate mergers. Of particular importance is the possibility that conglomerate mergers may increase aggregate concentration and eventually create a 'zaibatsu' economy. This book, first published in 1984, addresses the issue by examining the mutual forbearance hypothesis. More specifically, do multi-market contacts among diversified firms affect market competition?

Tracing developments in British trade union structure over almost 100 years with specific reference to the merger process, this book shows how the underlying processes of change are cyclical. It therefore provides a backdrop for understanding some of the options for structural change that may be adopted by trade unions in the future.

First Published in 1994. As economics becomes increasingly fragmented into independent fields, there are at least two unifying concepts: supply and demand, and monopoly power. This is a book about power; one that supplements a strong microeconomic analysis with historical examples and empirical evidence.

First Published in 1994. As economics becomes increasingly fragmented into independent fields, there are at least two unifying concepts: supply and demand, and monopoly power. This is a book about power; one that supplements a strong microeconomic analysis with historical examples and empirical evidence.

This book integrates two different but equally prominent themes in the management field: mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). It explores questions such as whether strategic goals overlap or conflict with sustainability choices, what the strategic and sustainability tensions are confronting expanding companies, and whether these companies can grow and be socially responsible for a variety of stakeholders. The authors provide a fresh perspective on the study of acquisitions, aiming to inspire the M&A field and using examples from different global and institutional contexts in both developed and developing economies. This ground-breaking book addresses the gap that has existed between acquisitions on the one hand and social responsibility and sustainability on the other, for an integrative perspective on enacting M&As and achieving the triple people-planet-profits bottom line.

Add value to your organization via the mergers & acquisitions IT function As part of Deloitte Consulting, one of the largest mergers and acquisitions (M&A) consulting practice in the world, author Janice Roehl-Anderson reveals in M&A Information Technology Best Practices how companies can effectively and efficiently address the IT aspects of mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures. Filled with best practices for implementing and maintaining systems, this book helps financial and technology executives in every field to add value to their mergers, acquisitions, and/or divestitures via the IT function. * Features a companion website containing checklists and templates * Includes chapters written by Deloitte Consulting senior personnel * Outlines best practices with pragmatic insights and proactive strategies Many M&As fail to meet their expectations. Be prepared to succeed with the thorough and proven guidance found in M&A Information Technology Best Practices. This one-stop resource allows participants in these deals to better understand the implications of what they need to do and how

First published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Deal Paradox explores what successful dealmaking looks like in the age of digital transformation, drawing on interviews with top dealmakers and M&A experts sharing their stories, triumphs, and challenges. Taking a dynamic storytelling approach, The Deal Paradox navigates the transition from traditional and ingrained methods to new techniques, showing how AI, big data, and machine learning can be used to generate new opportunities and enable diversity. It walks through the attributes and skills needed in this new landscape and how M&A professionals can build them into their approach, from finding and executing deals to making sure they deliver the desired outcomes. The Deal Paradox draws on 60 years' combined experience of cutting-edge deal making, built on landmark deals ranging from Morgan Stanley's IPO at the height of the 1980s banking boom and Kraft's takeover of Cadbury to key tech deals including the GBP1bn sale of financial data intelligence company Acuris to ION. Chapters are richly illustrated throughout with real-world examples featuring organizations such as Apple, Google, BP and SoftBank Vision Fund.

Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions stands out from the competition due to its focus on three key characteristics: studies from scholars in different countries, with different research questions, relying on different theoretical perspective. Such a broad and inclusive approach to mergers and acquisitions is not easily replicated in academic journals, with much narrower mandates and metrics. Volume 21 of this annual series explores a range of issues relevant to a post-Covid world and the ensuing recession - from the perks and pitfalls of cross-legacy boundary-spanning and the role of inimical resources in managerial decisions, to the synergy between industry 4.0 and the circular economy and the role of M&A advisors in cross-border acquisitions, the chapters published in this volume provide cutting edge ideas by leading scholars and help to inform mergers and acquisitions research around the world. This collection of research is of interest to scholars in strategic management, organization theory, and organizational behaviour who are studying questions around mergers and acquisitions. Doctoral students in particular will benefit from access to the diversity of research that can trigger new research questions and expanded research agendas.

Determine a company's value, what drives it, and how to enhance value during a M&A Valuation for M&A lays out the steps for measuring and managing value creation in non-publicly traded entities, and helps investors, executives, and their advisors determine the optimum strategy to enhance both market value and strategic value and maximize return on investment. As a starting point in planning for a transaction, it is helpful to compute fair market value, which represents a "floor" value for the seller since it by definition represents a value agreed upon by any hypothetical willing and able buyer and seller. But for M&A, it is more important to compute investment value, which is the value of the target company to a strategic buyer (and which can vary with each prospective buyer). Prepare for the sale and acquisition of a firm Identify, quantify, and qualify the synergies that increase value to strategic buyers Get access to new chapters on fairness opinions and professional service firms Find a discussion of Roger Grabowski's writings on cost of capital, cross-border M&A, private cost of capital, intangible capital, and asset vs. stock transactions Inside, all the necessary tools you need to build and measure private company value is just a page away!

Effects of Mergers charts the history of six industries with a view to examining the effects of mergers. It deals both with the short and long-term effects of changes in the structure of industry and looks at issues such as whether mergers are in the public interest.
The industries covered are: Cement, Textile Printing, Soap, Glass, Motor and Brewing.
Some comparative material with industries in the USA is included.

This unique Handbook explores both the economics of the firm and the theory of the firm, two areas which are traditionally treated separately in the literature. On the one hand, the former refers to the structure, organization and boundaries of the firm, while the latter is devoted to the analysis of behaviors and strategies in particular market contexts. The novel concept underpinning this authoritative volume is that these two areas closely interact, and that a framework must be articulated in order to illustrate how linkages can be created. This interpretative framework is comprehensively developed in the editors' introduction, and the expert contributors - more than fifty academics of renowned authority - further elaborate on the linkages in the seven comprehensive sections that follow, encompassing: background; equilibrium and new institutional theories; the multinational firm; dynamic approaches to the firm; modern issues; firms' strategies; and economic policy and the firm. Bridging economics and theory of the firm, and providing both technical and institutional perspectives on real corporations, this path-breaking Handbook will prove an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students in the fields of economics, heterodox economics, business and management, and industrial organization. Contributors: Z.J. Acs, M. Aglietta, C. Antonelli, M.C. Becker, M. Bellandi, M.H. Best, H. Bo, J.J. Bouma, H. Bouthinon-Dumas, T. Buchmann, R. Carter, M. Casson, C. Cezanne, M. Cloodt, A. Coad, A. Colombelli, A. Correlje, L. De Propris, M. Dietrich, C. Driver, S.P. Dunn, P.E. Earl, N.J. Foss, M. Fransman, J.-L. Gaffard, J. Groenewegen, S. Guillou, J. Hagedoorn, G. Hanappi, G.M. Hodgson, W. Holzl, G. Ietto-Gillies, A. Jolink, T. Knudsen, J. Krafft, W. Lazonick, S. Lechevalier, B.J. Loasby, F. Marty, L. Nesta, E. Niesten, B. Nooteboom, U. Pagano, P.P. Patrucco, A. Pyka, F. Quatraro, J.-L. Ravix, A. Reberioux, A. Reinstaller, E. Salies, P.P. Saviotti, N. Stieglitz, M. Teubal, S. Toms, N. Wadeson, O. Weinstein, J.F. Wilson

Creating Value from Mergers and Acquisitions is the first book to provide a comparative analysis of the M&A scene in Europe and the US, the two most active markets in the world. Now in its second edition it continues to develop an international and multidisciplinary perspective of M&A, and considers M&A as a process and not a mere transaction. The author draws upon economics, finance, strategy, law, organisational theories to formulate a five-stage model and emphasises the need to understand the interconnected nature of these stages. The book's central focus in on the challenges to using M&A as an instrument to create shareholder value, how M&A risks can be mitigated and how odds of success in acquisitions can me increased. Creating Value from Mergers and Acquisitions is suitable for those studying advanced undergraduate and MBA courses in industrial organisations, finance, business strategy, and corporate governance, as well as those preparing for professional exams. The rigorous integration of the conceptual, empirical, and practical aspects of M&A means that researchers and practitioners will also find this book extremely useful.

Strategic alliances are becoming increasingly important as a long-term response to the move towards globalization of businesses, and to their need to learn and adapt quickly, gain access to new markets, and diffuse new technologies. In this comprehensive informative and practical text the authors delvop:
An analysis of over 30 alliances in the US, Japan and Europe.
A blueprint for successfully forming and implementing an alliance.
Practical case histories of nine successful and unsuccessful alliances which highlight benefits and drawbacks.

Highly successful in hardback, this book is now available in paperback for undergraduate and MBA students of corporate strategy and international business.

Mergers and acquisitions are one of the cornerstones of firm growth, and have attracted considerable attention from the scholarly research community in the last three decades. Several studies have concluded that M&A transactions do not result in better performance, and can even erode the acquiring firm's shareholder value to produce highly volatile market returns. Others have identified reasons for such inefficiencies. However, very little attention has been given to business evaluation process as an influencing factor. This thirtieth volume in the acclaimed International Business & Management series investigates how the processes involved in the evaluation of a target firm influence the outcome of M&As. Co-authored by international business expert Pervez Ghauri, it highlights the processes that should be followed to evaluate potential acquisition targets, and how a proper evaluation can influence the M&A performance. It encourages greater reliance on the strength and independence of the business evaluation process, and brings clarity in understanding the relationship between different components of business evaluation.

This edited volume includes a broad sample of scholarly publications of Professor Edwin J. Perkins on U.S. financial history and related topics in the fields of economic and business history. Included are journal articles, excerpts from his prominent books, plus three previously unpublished manuscripts. The content is organized chronologically, starting with the colonial era and ending with the second half of the twentieth century. A major highlight of the book is the key role stockbroker, Charles Merrill, founder of Merrill Lynch & Co., played in the evolution and expansion of the nation's equity markets in the twentieth century.